• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1151-1165
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• 2008

This study examined the current status of consumer competency such as consumer knowledge, consumer role attitude, and consumer skill and the related factors among female marriage immigrants. The data were collected from 220 female marriage immigrants living in Yeungnam region. The results of this study were as follows. First, the mean for consumer knowledge was 5.555, the mean for consumer role attitude was 4.067, and the mean for consumer skill was 3.841. Second, the results of t-tests and ANOVA showed that there were differences in the category of consumer knowledge according to age, educational level, marriage duration period, and Internet contact frequency. And the differences were found in age, educational level. communication with family about consumption and TV contact frequency for consumer role attitude, whereas in age, educational level, marriage duration period, employment status, communication with family about consumption and communication with friends about consumption for consumer skill. Third, according to the regression analyses, educational level was significant for consumer knowledge. Additionally, communication with family about consumption and TV contact frequency were significant for consumer role attitude, and age, educational level, communication with family about consumption and communication with friends about consumption were significant for consumer skill.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.183-199
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• 2003

The purposes of this research were to analyse the female college students' appraisals and demands about actual conditions of job-seeking and to propose the developmental alternatives from the perspectives of gender equality. The data were obtained through 510 female students living in Gwangju. The major findings were as follows: 1) Women's needs of job-seeking were very intensive but their preparation level was relatively low. Colleges' support system and organization utility were uneffective because their programs were not specified for women. Women generally recognized that social improvement for gender equality in employment system were very important and more practical methods and contents were demanded in education for job-seeking. 2) Women's grade and major were significant variables in the differences of job preparation, consciousness of job-seeking, social support and appraisals. Therefore, college supporting systems must consider students' characteristics. 3) The job-seeking mechanisms must be changed to more effective systems for the achievement of gender equality. Also community members, colleges and students should make collaborate endeavors for the women empowerment.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.84-97
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• 1995

There is a widespread concern that women's increasing involvement in dual role (job plus family role) may harm their physical health. Longevity of women is longer than that of men. By contrast, prevalence rate is higher in women than men, and No. of prevalence days, No. of days in bed and No. of days with treatment are more in women. Generally, women live longer, but women are worse in health status than men. Rate of labor participation in women is increasing gradually in Korea. This study presents an analysis of the relationships between employment. marital status and health for both Korean women and men to examine how women's increasing involvements in dual role affect their physical health. The data used in this analysis were collected by The National Statistical Office in the spring of 1992. Households, which were sampled by using a three-stage stratified cluster sampling method, were interviewed. Response rate was 99.43%. Of these, student or widowed or divorced people were excluded. 47,552 women and men aged 21-50 were available for the analysis. Health status was measured by self-assessed health status (1=excellent, 5=poor), No. of prevalent days, No. of days with treatment, and No. of days in bed in two previous weeks. And control variables are age, and education. Research findings are as follows : 1. Men have better self-rated health, fewer prevalent days, fewer days in bed, and fewer days with treatment than women. 2. The employed are more healthier than the non-employed. 3. Unmarried people are more healthier than married people. 4. Interaction effects of sex, marital status, employment are significant. This finding shows that effects of empolyment, marital status on health status is not same for women and men. 5. For male, employed people are more healthier than non-employed people. Unmarried people are more healthier than married people. This differences are significant. For female, The employed are more healthier than the non-employed. However, no differences are noticed between the married and the unmarried in health status. In conclusion, there is no evidence that women's involvements in dual role affect their physical health negatively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.808-816
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• 2013

This study examined the correlation between college students' unemployment stress and affecting factors including physical symptoms, mental health, and self-esteem. In the results, students appeared to have more stress when they were female, in higher grades, in low satisfaction in their school life, in the lack of leisure time, in inadequate preparation for employment, and when they had none of those who could share their feeling on unemployment than students in the opposite situations. Students' physical and mental health had a positive relation with unemployment stress, and self esteem had a negative relation with unemployment stress. After multivariate analysis, the factors affecting unemployment stress were senior grade and depression. On the other hand, the factors predicting low umemployment stress were male sex, high level of self esteem, and satisfaction in preparation for employment. Therefore, the counselling program for employment preparation should include intervention strategies for enhancing self-esteem besides providing with information of employment.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2020

This study analyzed the status and trend of gender wage gap among listed companies in KOPSI market over the 2000-2017 period. The main results of the study are as follows. First, the gender employment gap index for KOSPI listed companies stood at 39.81 in 2017, with 40 women per 100 men being employed. Although the absolute value of the proportion of female employment remains low, it has not only been higher than 33.74 in 2000 but has also increased steadily in recent years. In terms of the number of years of service, the average number of male employees in 2017 was 9.9 years, compared with 6.9 years for female employees, and the gender tenure gap decreased over the past few years. Finally, The gender wage gap index increased from 60.57 in 2000 to 67.87 in 2017. In addition, there are slight variations in the size of the company or industry, but consistent results have shown that the gender wage gap decreases in recent years. The findings suggest that our society is developing in a way that reduces the gender employment gap and the gender wage gap.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.298-311
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe levels of multiple stress factors and depression, and to examine the effects of the stress factors on depression among female marriage immigrants in Korea. Methods: Participants were 322 female marriage immigrants currently residing in Korea, who migrated from China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and other Asian countries. Stress of female marriage immigrants was measured on the SMFMI (Stress Measure of Female Marriage Immigrants in Korea), consisting of 21 items in four factors (cultural, household economic, emotional, and parenting and discrimination stress). CES-D was used to assess depression among marriage immigrants. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe's post hoc tests, and multiple regressions were performed for data analyses. Results: The average score for stress was 1.34 (SD=.98, theoretical range: 0-4) and the average score for depression was 17.07 (SD=10.09) in these female marriage immigrants. Adjusting for household income, employment status, duration since immigration, and Korean language proficiency, household economic stress (p<.001) was identified as the strongest predictor in explaining depression of female marriage immigrants (Adjusted $R^2=.331$). Conclusion: Health care professionals should prioritize intervention strategies to alleviate household economic stress for mental health promotion in female marriage immigrants in Korea.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.21-36
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• 2006

This study aims to grasp the general conditions regarding university students in security related majors in Korea. Followings will be covered here: what motivated them to choose those majors, how much are they satisfied with major curriculum course after matriculation, whether they got jobs through the education, what is their consciousness on their majors, jobs, and courses like, and what effects their job preference. And this study also aims at helping the students with their future plans such as admission to a school of higher grade and choosing their job. For this study, we distributed 340 cpoies to the students in security related majors at 4 four-year colleges and 1 two-year college, and collected 298 copies by means of quota sampling method. For collected questionnaires, we used individual T-test verification and one-way ANOVA analysis to grasp the situation. Significance standard for the test results was set as p<0.05. Following are the test results. First, the analysis on students' satisfaction rate resulted in male students' average of 2.42, compared to female students' average of 2.10, which shows female students have higher satisfaction rate in choosing their majors than male students. Secondly, The results on analysis of satisfaction rate on their curriculums, classes, and majors show that students in security-related majors showed different satisfaction rate and different averages according to their sex and the year of the college. The study indicates that males have higher satisfaction rate on curriculum than females, with male students' average of 2.63 and female students' average 2.88. According to the year of the college, there was a significant difference statistically, Statistics show that students at two-year college have higher satisfaction rate than those at four-year college, with two-year college students' average of 2.48 and four-year college students' of 2.74. students have the average of 3.56. The higher year they were in, the more improvement the curriculum required. When it comes to convenience offer for employment, male students expected more from school than female students, with males' average of 2.74 and females' average of 4.07. Male students marked higher than female students in the extent of job information offer, with males' average of 2.96 and females' average of 2.59. Fourthly, when students in security-related majors were surveyed on their consciousness of their future plans such as getting jibs, two-year college students had more certificates of qualification for employment than four-year college students. What they do preponderantly in preparation for employment was studying foreign languages, which took up 40.4%. And when they were asked on their confidence for employment, positive answers were far more than negative ones with the percentage of 39.6%, while negative took up just 14.0%. Fifthly, when it come to the students in security-related students' job preferences, 49.2% preferred safe job conditions in public security area and 34% preferred private guard or private security organizations. And in the public security area, the highest percentage of 28.6 preferred to work in presidential security service. In the area of private security, 21.2% showed interests in private guard and private security organizations.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.133-156
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• 2006

This paper tries to explore the overall profile of Korean female labor force over the period of 1960-2000. A particular emphasis is put on portraying major over-time characteristics of female labor force, following five different political regimes--that of Park, J.H.(1960 and 1970s), of Chon D.H. (early and late 1980s), of Roh T.W. (late 1980-early 1990s), of Kim,Y.S. (early 1990-1ate 1990s), and of Kim. D. J. (late 1990-early 2000s), respectively. Discussions have centered around: 1) utilization of young single girls from rural areas during the early industrialization process of 1960-1985; 2) the beginning of married women's entry into labor market and issues of the socalled &M-curve& thesis in Korean experiences since 1990s; 3) the emergence and enlargement of non-regular workers; and 4) the launching of labor related legal measures such as the Equal Employment Act of 1988 and its successive revisions, the Maternity Leave Acts, the On-the-Job Chi1dcare Centers, and the prohibition of sexual harassments on the job setting, and so on. All in all, although it is undeniable that the Korean female labor force has experienced much progress over the period of time in terms of &equality and protection& issues, overall industrial reality we are facing with has not been so prosperous in the sense that most women workers have become the victims of industrial polarization, as time goes by.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.375-388
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of work factor/home factor on health status in women office workers. This study investigated the relationship of various influencing factors between health status using claims data of the The Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey sample from 2017. To this end, we employed logistic regression analysis using sample data from 3,115 female office workers. Logistic regression results indicate that influential factors were ages, employment status, satisfaction with the work environment, sex ratios at workplace, economic burden, childcare burden, housework burden. We discussed several policy and academic implications. As women become more active in society, the number of female workers is increasing. If employers improve the health status of female workers, they will benefit from improved productivity in their business. Therefore, improving the work conditions of the those female workers is very important. Also, practical policy considerations should be needed for female workers to strengthen their social capital in order to enhance their status of health.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate female students in Engineering college and suggest the improvement for the program of Career Development Center of female College Student. The survey was administered to 167 female college students to examine their preparation of employment. In the results, first, the level of career efficacy was average and interest in the majors was slightly lowe than average. In addition, the degree of desire to be employed in the field related to the major showed an average level. Second, they choose the practical ability as the most required and lack of. Third, satisfaction with the support of the University for career was low, but satisfaction with the interview preparation program was highest. Finally, this study proposed improvement of programs for Career Development Center of female College Student.