• Title/Summary/Keyword: Felling operation

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Studies on Working Intensity in Felling Operation of the Thinning Forest -In Thinning of Some Conifer Species- (벌채작업(伐採作業)에서의 작업강도(作業强度) 측정연구(測定硏究) -침엽수(針葉樹) 간벌림에(間伐林)서-)

  • Park, Soo-Kyoo;Kang, Gun-Uh
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.85 no.3
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    • pp.396-408
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    • 1996
  • The purposes of this study were to standardise the forest working system to design the intensity of working system in felling operation of the thinning forest in our country as well as to contrive the improvement of working method and the increase of productivity. For the purpose of investigating these, element working was classified by felling operation in softwood thinning forest, and a pulse rate were measured and analyzed. The results were as follow : 1. From the analysis of the pulse frequence measurment, the average pulse showed 108 pulse per minute for worker A in the total of pure working time, 130 pulse per minutes for worker B, 119 pulse per minute for worker C and 125 pulse per minute for worker D, respectively. 2. From the results of the pulse frequence analysis according to element working classification, the highest pulse frequence represented 115 pulse per minute for worker A in the circumference, 131 pulse per minute for worker B in the movement, 122 pulse per minute for worker C in the limbing operation and 128 pulse per minute for work D in hang-up. 3. If the original pulse frequence was 100% for workers, the working intensity showed as follow : worker A was 160%(original pulse frequence was 61=100%) for the total of the working intensity and 188% for the circumference among element working. Worker B was 220%(original pulse frequence was 57=100%) for the total of the working intensity and 229 for movement among element working. Worker C was 159%(original pulse frequence was 73=100%) for the total of the working intensity and 168% for limbing operation among the element working. Worker D was 156%(original pulse frequence was 70=100%) for the total of working intensity and 182% for hang-up among element working. 4. At the limit point of Labor performance rating, showing the total of working intensity, overtime pulse rate per minute was 30 for worker A, 207 for worker B, 14 for worker C and 67 for worker D. Worker B was highest in working intensity, and got physically a big load.

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An Analysis of the Operational Productivity and Cost for the Utilization of Forest-biomass(I) - the Operational time and Productivity - (산림바이오매스 이용을 위한 산림작업 공정 및 비용 분석(I) -작업시간 및 공정 -)

  • Mun, Ho-Seong;Cho, Koo-Hyun;Park, Sang-Jun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.103 no.4
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    • pp.583-592
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    • 2014
  • This study was carried out to investigate the operational time and productivity of logging operation by chain saw, yarder attached on tractor, tower-yarder, mini-truck, mini-forwarder, and chipping operations by mini-chipper, large-chipper in order to develop the efficient logging operation system for utilization of forest-biomass. As a result, the average felling and bucking time using chain saw at the site 1 and 2 was observed to be 182.7 sec/cycle and 518.5 sec/cycle respectively. The average yarding time was 202.5 sec/cycle using yarder attached on tractor and 295.1 sec/cycle using tower-yarder. The average forwarding time was 2,073 sec/cycle using mini-truck and 2,248.4 sec/cycle using mini-forwarder. The operational time of felling and bucking using chain-saw can be delayed according to the direction of fallen trees. The selection of felling direction is very important to yarding operation because the direction between width-yarding and felling are interrelated. Productivity can be improved through educating and training operators in the yarding operations. Mini-forwarder is needed to use because of higher productivity and lower cost than mini-truck. The operational productivity of felling and bucking by chain saw was $66.96m^3/man{\cdot}day$ and $43.86m^3/man{\cdot}day$ at site 1 and 2 respectively. The yarding productivity was $5.68m^3/man{\cdot}day$ by yarder attached on tractor, $10.74m^3/man{\cdot}day$ by tower-yarder. The forwarding productivity was $21.29m^3/man{\cdot}day$ by mini-truck, $28.57m^3/man{\cdot}day$ by mini-forwarder. The chipping productivity was $4.42m^3/man{\cdot}day$ by mini-chipper, $21.87m^3/man{\cdot}day$ by large-chipper.

Felling Productivity in Korean Pine Stands by Using Chain Saw (체인톱을 이용한 잣나무의 벌도작업 공정 분석)

  • Han, Won Sung;Cho, Koo Hyun;Oh, Jae-Heun;Song, Tae-Young;Kim, Jae-Won;Shin, Man Yong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.98 no.4
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    • pp.451-457
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the felling productivity by chain saw in thinning operation of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) stands. Time study data were collected from 4 thinning site in Korean pine stands. This study derived a regression model to estimate the average felling cycle time for evaluating the productivity in felling, which was used to analyze the felling productivity by thinning period. In the study sites, the average felling cycle time per a tree was 463 sec/cycle and the productivity was $2.26m^3/hr$. Thinning period in Korean pine is divided into three groups by producing purposes; small-diameter log, medium-diameter log, and large-diameter log. And analyzed working time and productivity from thinning period fixed by producing purposes. For the small-diameter log producing purpose estimated to be thinning period operated once when the mean DBH was 16 cm and its productivity was $8.94m^3/man{\cdot}day$. For the medium-diameter and large-diameter log producing purposes, thinning period was twice and three times when the mean DBH of the 1st and 2nd thinning period was 16 cm and 21 cm, and its productivity was $9.06m^3/man{\cdot}day$ and $10.86m^3/man{\cdot}day$. The 30 cm in DBH and $15.12m^3/man{\cdot}day$ in productivity was operated 3rd thinning for the large-diameter log producing purposes.

A Study on the Forestry Safety Helmet Development Based on IoT (IoT 기반 임업용 안전모 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Nam, Ki-Hun;Park, Jung-Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.419-425
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    • 2020
  • There are many accident risks in logging operation of forestry such as struck by felled trees and caught in, under, or between felled trees. These accidents are primarily occurred by not keeping a safe distance between workers. According to the forestry safety instruction, workers are not supposed to go into the safety zone which is a circle with a radius of more 2 times the height of felling tree. However, this rule does not keep because of poor safety consciousness, poor sight and extreme noise of logging operation machines. This problem causes many major accidents every year. To solve this problem, we made forestry safety helmets based on IoT technology. These helmets have functions to make a visual and an acoustic alarm signal when reach the distance between workers within 20 meters. We developed the algorithm to operate the helmet's functions and conducted tests to check the functions. As a result of tests, we assured the normal system operating conditions.

A study on the construction of government office in Dongnaebu at 19c (19세기 동래부(東萊府)의 관사영선(官舍營繕)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Sookyung;Kim, Soon il
    • Journal of architectural history
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.87-100
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    • 2003
  • This study is on the construction of government office of Dongnaebu through researching the construction reports and historical documents in 19century. Especially it focuses on the local construction system and operation for the government office. Main contents of the study are 1) Scope and process of construction, 2) Architectural administration and official notes, 3) Organization of participants and the feature, 4) Felling trees and transport, 5) Monetary of construction The results are summarized as follows. 1) Repair office customary were the courtesy new provincial man. Government building were inspected and repaired periodically. 2) Administrative system of construction have been operated. There are official notes which are about application, permition and order, concerned works such as logging at the bongsan, means of transport, paying wages and progressing works. 3) Organization of construction was made up of an officer and sangnee to supervise and supply. 4) Due to financial difficulty, local government reserved and appropriated funds with moneylending for building office.

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A Study on Economical Analysis of Yarding Operation by Cable Crane (케이블클레인을 이용(利用)한 집재작업(集材作業)의 경제성(經濟性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Woo, Bo Myeong;Park, Jong Myeong;Lee, Joon Woo;Chung, Nam Hun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.79 no.4
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    • pp.413-418
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    • 1990
  • Since 1945, the periodical reforestation projects considered as the fundamental apparatus of the forest policy of the Government have been continuously carried out during last 40 years in Korea. As a result, some of the forests are ready to be harvested, especially in well-managed plantations as well as in the natural forests. This requires to pay more attention to harvesting the timber rather than planting trees. At the present, such timber harvesting operations such as cutting, felling, bucking, and skidding and yarding, particularly yarding operations in mountain areas with harsh terrains are in the most cases depend upon man power. However, the yarding operations should be more mechanized in the near future in Korea mainly because of the high cost of labour couppled with the lack of labour in forested areas. The Forest Work Training Center attached to the Forest Administration imported and tested the smallsized cable crane(K-300) with movable tower. The result of economic analysis of the yarding operation expenditures shows that the cable crane yarding costs more than the man yarding at the present time. As the labour cost will gradually increase and the efficiency of machine operation will improve, the results of the study indicates that the yarding operation by cable crane will be more cost-effective in the future.

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Basic Study for Introduction of Chestnut Production Regulation Direct Payment (밤 생산조절직불제 도입을 위한 기초연구)

  • Park, Yong Bae;Choi, Soo Im;Kim, Se-bin;Kwak, Kyung-ho
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.97 no.3
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    • pp.348-356
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    • 2008
  • There is the need of regulating chestnut production because of being expected with chestnut trees cultivation farmhouses to be in a difficult situation by means of FTA negotiation promotion hereafter in Korea. And this study is aim to establish compensation criteria and plan for depreciation of income of farmers who take part in chestnut production regulation. We surveyed one hundred and thirty three among chestnut trees cultivation farmhouses in chief producing districts Kyung-nam, Jeon-nam and Chung-nam in Korea. As the result of this study, this study showed compensation criteria and plans for depreciation of income for farmers's participate in chestnut production regulation and showed criteria for closing chestnut old tree orchard and working process of cutting chestnut old tree. Procedures in closing chestnut old tree orchard in a day per hecta were felling operation and crude manufacture of thirty trees per one man, five forklains in loading and unloading chestnut log from a truck and building of workroad, the two number of assistance persons in loading and unloading chestnut log from a truck, the 6.94 trucks in carrying chestnut log. After farmers close chestnut trees orchard, government cost of old trees cuts and net income decrease for 3 years in case of planting trees for landscape and environment preservation.

Studies on the Condition and the Future of Korean Forestry (우리나라 임업(林業)의 현황(現況)과 장래(將來)에 관(關)한 소고(小考) (일본(日本) 임업(林業)과의 비교(比較)))

  • Kim, Young Ho
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • v.4
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    • pp.163-168
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    • 1986
  • This study was carried out to compare the conditions of Korean and Japanese forestry. Two countries were appeared same trend in forestry condition, so our forestry in future can be estimated with compared Japanese forestry, but the results obtained are as follows ; 1) The average forest area per capita of the world, Japan and Korea are 0.9, 0.23 and 0.16 ha, respectively, this means that Korean forest area is not sufficient. The growing stock of forest per capita is $22.5m^3$ in Japan and $3.9m^3$ in Korea, but timber consumptions per capita are $1m^3$ in Japan and $0.2m^3$ in Korea. Those mean that both countries have not a plentiful resource of forestry. 2) The forestry production activity becomes gradually stagnation. Both in Korea and Japan, the reforestation and stumpage felling area show gradually decreasing tendency, the artificial forest ratio of total forest area is, at present, 28% in Korea and 40% in Japan. 3) In forestry demand aspect, the ratio of imported timber is 79% in Korea and 62.4% in Japan. Because the price index of timber is lower than the general price index, the dullness of forestry-related industries is expected in future. 4) The forestry labour supply has gradually difficulty because of the reduction in farming labour. 5) The managements of national forests show deficit operation, at present, both in Korea and Japan. The results above mentioned are derived form the poor forest resources, therefore, it is considered that rather more and continuous investment is necessary, but also forestry should be invested in the territorial conservation aspect.

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A Study about Development of Environment Printing Technology and $CO_2$ (환경 인쇄 기술의 발전과 인쇄물의 $CO_2$ 발생량에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Mun-Hag
    • Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.89-114
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    • 2012
  • For as to world, the concern about the environment problem is enhanced than any other time in the past because of being 21 century. And the environment problem is highlighted as the world-wide issue. The time of the environment problem intimidates the alive of the mankind and presence of an earth over the time. It becomes the essentiality not being selection in the personal living or the economical viewpoint now to prepare for the climatic modification. As to the company management, the green growth period which it excludes the environment management considering an environment, cannot carry on the company the continued management comes. That is, in the change center of the management paradigm, there is the environment management. Nearly, the greenhouse gas which the publication industry is the environmental toxic material like all industries is generated. The greenhouse gas is ejected in the process of running the manufacturing process and print shop of the various kinds material used as the raw material of the book. Particularly, the tree felling for getting the material of the paper is known to reach the direct influence on the global warming. This study does according to an object it considers and organizes the environment parameter based on this kind of fact as to the publication industry. And it is determined as the reference which is used as the basic materials preparing the case that carbon exhaust right transaction(CAP and TRADE) drawing are enforced in all industries and is sustainable the management of the publication industry and reduces the environmental risk among the company many risk management elements and plans and enforces the publication related policy that there is a value. In the printing publication industry, this study tried to inquire into elements discharging the environmental pollutant or the greenhouse gas. Additionally, in the printed publication production process, it tried to inquire into the effort for an environment-friendly and necessity at the printing paper and the printers ink, regarded as the element discharging the greenhouse gas all kinds of the printing materials, operation of the print shop and all kinds of the machines and recycle process, and etc. These considerations make these industrial field employees aware of the significance about a conservation and environmental protection. They try to give a help in the subsequent study producing quantitatively each environmental parameter emission of green house gas. This makes the calculation of the relative $CO_2$ output reproached ultimately possible. Meanwhile, in a sense, many research protects and improving an environment in connection with the contents of research at the printing publication industrial field is in progress. There will be the voluntary human face that it has to protect an environment but this can not do by the outside factor according to all kinds of environment related law and regulation. Anyway, because of acting on company management as the factor of oppression, the increase of this environment-related correspondence cost could know that the research that the environment loading relates with a procurement and development, environment management system introduction, quality control standard, including, normalizing including a material, and etc. through the part of the effort to reduce the cost low was actively in progress. As to the green growth era, as follows, this paper prescribed the subject and alternative of the print publication industry. It is surrounded by the firstly new digital environment and the generation of the subject. And secondly the printing industry is caused by the point of time when the green growth leaves by the topic which is largest in the global industry and it increases. The printing publication industry has to prepare the bridgehead for the environment-friendly green growth as the alternative for this resolution with first. The support blown in each industry becomes the obligation not being selection. Prestek in which the print publishing was exposed to spend many energies and which is known as the practice of the sustainable print publishing insisted that it mentioned importance of the green printing through the white pages in 2008 and a company had to be the green growth comprised through the environment-friendly activity. The core management for the sustainable printing publication industry presented from Presstack white pages is compacted to 4 words that it is a remove, reduce, recover, and recycle. Second, positively the digital printing(POD) system should be utilized. In the worldwide print out market, the digital printing area stops at the level of 10% or so but the change over and growth of the market of an analog-to-digital will increase rapidly in the future. As to the CEO Jeff Hayes of the Infoland, the offset print referred to that it of the traditional method got old and infirm with the minor phase of the new printing application like the customer to be wanted publication and the print of the digital method led the market. In conclusion, print publishers have to grasp well the market flow in the situation where a digitalization cannot be generalized and a support cannot avoid. And it keeps pace with the flow of the digital age and the recognition about the effort for the development and environment problem have to be raised. Particularly, the active green strategy is employed for the active green strategy.

Study on the Recognition of Forest-Official's and Stakeholders's Toward Improvement of Tree Cutting Permit System (입목벌채 허가제도 개선에 대한 벌채허가 담당자와 벌채 실행자의 인식조사)

  • Park, Kyung-Seok;Lee, Seong-Youn;Bae, Sang-Won;Kim, Min-Hee;Kim, Hyun-Sig;Baik, Kyung-Soo;An, Ki-Wan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.100 no.2
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    • pp.292-304
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to draw institutional implications for tree cutting permit system improvement in comparison with Korea and foreign countries (German, Japan). A survey about recognition of cutting system and cutting-invigorating factors for two groups in charge of work for cutting permit (forest-official) and cutting operation (forest owner, tree butcher, forestry association, and forestry corporation) was carried out. The survey provides basic information which is necessary to improve current cutting system. The result of analysis about both German and Japan's cutting system show that clear cutting area to hinder function of forests tends to decrease and flexible final age of maturity considering condition of regional forest not uniform cutting age were applied. As a result of German and Japan's cutting system review flexible cutting system on regional characteristics is used to manage for the purpose of forest regeneration. The survey result about awareness and invigorating factors of cutting system represents that only public official group said final age of pine tree (3.13) and cedar (3.05) was proper and final age of other species of trees should have shortened. In matters of cutover area, current standard is less than 5ha per a felling area and the largest total area limit is 30 ha, only tree butcher, forestry corporation said cutover area must expand. Invigorating factors of current cutting system are reinforcement of cutover area, facility support, enrichment of technical training, increase of equipment support, simplification of administrative procedures, and provision of various benefits. The reinforcement of technical training among them especially represents the statistical significance of the participants' differential recognition.