• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2007

As a possible feasibility of the extrapolation between in vivo and in vitro systems, we investigated the global gene expression from both mouse liver and mouse hepatic cell line treated with hepatotoxic chemical, acetaminophen (APAP), and compared between in vivo and in vitro genomic profiles. For in vivo study, mice were orally treated with APAP and sacrificed at 6 and 24 h. For in vitro study, APAP were administered to a mouse hepatic cell line, BNL CL.2 and sampling was carried out at 6 and 24 h. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by analyzing hepatic enzymes and histopathological examination (in vivo) or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and morphological examination (in vitro). Global gene expression was assessed using microarray. In high dose APAPtreated group, there was centrilobular necrosis (in vivo) and cellular toxicity with the elevation of LDH (in vitro) at 24 h. Statistical analysis of global gene expression identified that there were similar numbers of altered genes found between in vivo and in vitro at each time points. Pathway analysis identified glutathione metabolism pathway as common pathways for hepatotoxicty caused by APAP. Our results suggest it may be feasible to develop toxicogenomics biomarkers or profiles by comparing in vivo and in vitro genomic profiles specific to this hepatotoxic chemical for application to prediction of liver toxicity.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-35
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• 2007

In the last decades, the decrease in biological or chemical availability of sorbed contaminants as contact time passed, is generally accepted. This phenomenon so called as "aging" or "sequestration" is known to directly affect risk of the contaminats. This was observed for mainly for hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), but also reported for heavy metals. Aging is known to be directly related to sorption-desorption hysteresis, irreversible sorption, desorption-resistance, nonequilibrium sorption, etc. The decrease in bioavailability due to aging or sequestration indicates realistic decrease in risk potential. Recently a risk-based management concept by scientific evidences but not the simple measurement of contaminant concentration has been attempted to determine environmentally acceptable remedial endpoint. This is because selection of remedial endpoint based on not total concentration but the bioavailability and toxicity of contaminants can reduce both the treatment cost and remedial activities of the contaminated sites. The bioavailability and toxicity of the residual contaminants are highly affected by the fate and transport and also directly affect the exposure pathways and bioaccumulation of contaminants in the living biota. In this paper, scientific feasibility on the risk-based clean-up and management of contaminated sites is reviewed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.298-308
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• 2020

This study was designed to verify reliability and feasibility by analyzing elderly drivers' ability test tools for older drivers aged 65 or older, which were improved in 2018 and are currently being conducted by the Korea Highway Traffic Authority. Only those aged 65 or older who voluntarily applied to the elderly driving ability evaluation system implemented by the Seoul branch of the Korea Highway Traffic Authority. The research was conducted for about 50 days until Aug. 31, 2018, starting with the registration and inspection of the first study subjects. The analysis performed a correlation analysis with existing tools and cognitive testing tools (MMSE_K) to determine their feasibility and reliability as an improved tool in 2018. As a result, the first, the speed distance, time-space memory, and dispersionism of each sub-component of the old version showed statistically significant static correlation with the sub-factor of the current version. Persistence, on the other hand, was not statistically significant to the current version. The limitations of this study were as follows. Most of the people in the study were highly educated and residents in the metropolitan area. Therefore, it is likely that the results of MSE_K, which checks cognitive and judgment skills, have been upgraded. Also, cognitive tools that are measured by computers are likely to have real measurement errors for generations who are not familiar with computers. Therefore, it is expected that improvement and development of tools for improving the limit points at the site and assessing actual operation capability will be required.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.75-97
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• 2015

Recently public institutions' debt is growing therefore it became an important issue to the level that the government concerns about the possibility of financial burden to reduce the debt. Especially debt of public enterprises in metropolitan areas was in a serious state where debt in late 2013 was 43.2 trillion, which takes approx. 58.4% of 73.9 trillion of debt of all local public enterprises. Sound financial state of local public enterprises is important to public enterprises in metropolitan areas and it may affect seriously financial stability of local governments when public enterprises have financial problems. However, land supply business to form local industrial complexes or local demand for development of public rental housing business always exist; and vitalizing local economy and creating jobs through these businesses are very necessary to develop the areas. However, for local economic development, industirial land business and public rental housing business are needed. In this study, Gwangju Metropolitan City Corporation Ltd is used as a case study to evaluate the local public financial soundness via debt management assessment i.e.(using) the feasibility analysis in the urban development and housing development. As an improvement measure following the result of analysis, for the enhancement of financial soundness of urban innovation corporation, the government and local government shall evaluate and differentiate market demand, price competitiveness, and infrastructure of new town land development project to improve accuracy of project feasibility analysis. Another important insight is that there should be local government-centered management of liabilities of the local government and local public enterprises with the integrated liability management system to reduce the liability of the corporation and solve the issue of debts for local government. This study is significant in that it has analyzed cases from the theoretical aspect to secure financial soundness of national and local public enterprises.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

Heap bioleaching for detoxification of mine tailings is a promising technology; however, long-term studies that aim to understand the potential of this process are scarce. Therefore, this study assesses the feasibility of column bioleaching as an alternative technology for treatment of mine tailings with high concentrations of arsenic during a long-term experiment (436 days). To accomplish this objective, we designed a 350-mm plastic column that was packed with 750 g of mine tailings and inoculated with an acidophilic bacterial culture composed of A. thiooxidans and A. ferrooxidans. Redox potential, pH, ferric ion generation, and arsenic concentration of the off-solution were continuously monitored to determine the efficiency of the technology. After 436 days, we obtained up to 70% arsenic removal. However, several drops in removal rates were observed during the process; this was attributed to the harmful effect of arsenic on the bacteria consortium. We expect that this article will serve as a technical note for further studies on heap bioleaching of mine tailings.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.698-704
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• 2020

Although various biological extracts derived from the resources from Jeju are currently being developed for cosmetic materials, few studies using Brown algae from Jeju have been conducted. This study identified materials with high antioxidant levels and examined their whitening effects to assess their feasibility as potential cosmetic resources. Brown algae from Jeju (Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar, Laminaria japonica, Ecklonia cava, Hizikia fusiforme (Harvey) Okamura (HF), and Sargassum fulvellum (Turner) C. Agardh (SF) were processed using a supercritical fluid system at 50℃ and 400 bar, and their total phenol content, antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibition, and primary skin irritation were measured. Of all the samples, only SF using the supercritical fluid system (SFS) displayed concentration-dependent behavior for the total phenol content (p<0.05). Among the samples, the antioxidant activity of SFS was significantly higher (p<0.05) and the one increased at higher concentrations (p<0.05). On the other hand, tyrosinase was inhibited to a greater extent with HF than the others. The primary skin irritation tests showed that none of the samples were skin irritants. This study confirmed the feasibility of using Phaeophyceae from Jeju as potential cosmetic materials, where the samples can be selected and utilized based on the required physicochemical properties.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2019

As the social interest of the Baby Boomer generation is increasing, this study derives implications for lifelong education policy through identification of the need and support for lifelong education among baby boomers lifelong learning, taking into account such aspects of quality of life as emotional psychology-based self-development and self-realization. To optimally explore support for lifelong learning for the baby-boomer generation, first-tier (top-level), sixth-tier (bottom-level), and five-other evaluation criteria were available. For the first layer, we examined whether potentiality or realizability was more desirable, and for the second layer, detailed criteria for realizability were set up, dividing them into financial, legal, and administrative feasibility. A study conducted by experts on the policy priority analysis of Baby Boomers showed that their support for lifelong learning places a greater priority on its feasibility (the more feasible alternative) than desire (the more desirable option). Among the six criteria, lifestyle activities had high priority, and the relative importance of the five assessment alternatives for lifetime learning activities was shown to be higher for employment skills education (0.377), civil participation education (0.181), lifestyle activities (0.200), and 'lifetime activities' (06.11). These results are meaningful: they can help shape and refine the needs of lifelong education, assess their relative importance, and prepare basic data for lifelong learning policies for baby boomers who are about to enter their old age.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.101-133
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• 2017

This Study aims to evaluate teacher policy in the Park Administration and to suggest tasks based on the results. To attain the aim, it describes overall teacher policy process in Park Administration and evaluates teacher policy based on the criteria which was driven from the CIPP model. The conclusions are summarized as follows. First, the environmental suitability of the situation assessment was met in general. The reason for this was that the teacher policy of the Park Geun-hye government was introduced reflecting changes in the environment and demands of policy stakeholders. The validity and feasibility of the policy objective of the input evaluation were not satisfied. There were deficiencies in the objectives of the policy measures. The objectives of the measures were not linked to the policy objectives. The budget necessary for policy enforcement were not secured. In future policy design, efforts should be made to examine whether the policy goals are valid, to secure resources necessary for policy implementation and to increase the feasibility of policies. The procedural rationality of the process evaluation and the suitability of the means were not met. Discussion with the interest group was omitted, it was not clear whether the implementation of the policy was linked to the policy goal. In the future, it will be necessary to focus on procedures such as communication and collaboration with stakeholders, to make immediate revisions in case of problems. The effectiveness and satisfaction of the output evaluation were low. Because the validity of the policy objectives, the suitability of the means, and procedural rationality were not satisfied. In the future, it will be necessary to systematically design policies and communicate with stakeholders in the execution process to prevent policy failures and actively.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1221-1231
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• 2023

Objective: To clinically validate the feasibility and accuracy of cine images acquired through the multitasking method, with no electrocardiogram gating and free-breathing, in measuring left ventricular (LV) function indices by comparing them with those acquired through the balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) method, with multiple breath-holds and electrocardiogram gating. Materials and Methods: Forty-three healthy volunteers (female:male, 30:13; mean age, 23.1 ± 2.3 years) and 36 patients requiring an assessment of LV function for various clinical indications (female:male, 22:14; 57.8 ± 11.3 years) were enrolled in this prospective study. Each participant underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the multiple breath-hold bSSFP method and free-breathing multitasking method. LV function parameters were measured for both MRI methods. Image quality was assessed through subjective image quality scores (1 to 5) and calculation of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between the myocardium and blood pool. Differences between the two MRI methods were analyzed using the Bland-Altman plot, paired t-test, or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, as appropriate. Results: LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was not significantly different between the two MRI methods (P = 0.222 in healthy volunteers and P = 0.343 in patients). LV end-diastolic mass was slightly overestimated with multitasking in both healthy volunteers (multitasking vs. bSSFP, 60.5 ± 10.7 g vs. 58.0 ± 10.4 g, respectively; P < 0.001) and patients (69.4 ± 18.1 g vs. 66.8 ± 18.0 g, respectively; P = 0.003). Acceptable and comparable image quality was achieved for both MRI methods (multitasking vs. bSSFP, 4.5 ± 0.7 vs. 4.6 ± 0.6, respectively; P = 0.203). The CNR between the myocardium and blood pool showed no significant differences between the two MRI methods (18.89 ± 6.65 vs. 18.19 ± 5.83, respectively; P = 0.480). Conclusion: Multitasking-derived cine images obtained without electrocardiogram gating and breath-holding achieved similar image quality and accurate quantification of LVEF in healthy volunteers and patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-82
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• 2021

Objective : This recent work intended to provide basic information for researchers and practitioners related to occupational therapy about Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in South Korea. The previous research of screening DCD and the effects of intervention programs were reviewed. Methods : Peer-reviewed papers relating to DCD and published in Korea from January 1990 to December 2020 were systematically reviewed. The search terms "developmental coordination disorder," "development coordination," and "developmental coordination" were used to identify previous Korean research in this area from three representation database, the Research Information Sharing Service, Korean Studies Information Service System, and Google Scholar. We found a total of 4,878 articles identified through the three search engines and selected seventeen articles for analysis after removing those that corresponded to the overlapping or exclusion criteria. We adopted "the conceptual model" to analyze the selected articles about DCD assessment and intervention. Results : We found that twelve of the 17 studies showed the qualitative level of Level 2 using non-randomized approach between the two groups. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children and its second edition were the most frequently used tools in assessing children for DCD. Among the intervention studies, the eight articles (47%) were adopted a dynamic systems approach; a normative functional skill framework and cognitive neuroscience were each used in 18% of the pieces; and 11% of the articles were applied neurodevelopmental theory. Only one article was used a combination approach of normative functional skill and general abilities. These papers were mainly focused on the movement characteristics of children with DCD and the intervention effect of exercise or sports programs. Conclusion : Most of the reviewed studies investigated the movement characteristics of DCD or explore the effectiveness of particular intervention programs. In the future, it would be useful to investigate the feasibility of different assessment tools and to establish the effectiveness of various interventions used in rehabilitation for better motor performance in children with DCD.