• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.95-112
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• 2005

Hair styles, dresses and their ornaments are basic measures that show the trend of the times, the people and their life in both Eastern and Western societies. The history of a country could start or be extinguished at any time, but life goes on. Koguryo was founded around Anno Domini and fell at 668 A. D. What was Koguryo people like? How was their hair style and costume? This study aims to respond those questions. The Koguryo ancient mural paintings can be broadly divided into the Jip-An region and the Pyon-Yang region. Among the paintings found, that in the An-Ak 3rd ancient tomb at the Pyon-Yang region is the biggest and the most splendid. It is a figure genre painting, which contains a kitchen, a rice mill, a stable, a barn, a garage, etc. Those places illustrate the way of life at the time. The painting also comprises a man with a crown, who is seen as the king and owner of this tomb. The woman with a vertically designed hair style is perceived as the queen. A highly guarded and decorated royal parade is also presented in detail. The hair styles and costume evidence in the An-Ak 3rd ancient tomb are not seen in the paintings of the Jip-An region. This study inquires into the differences between the Pyon-Yang and lip-An regions through the history and the culture of those areas. Nevertheless, it could prove tentative to confirm the owner of the An-Ak 3rd ancient tomb with the only evidence of the words found in the wall of the tomb. It is the author's intention to study and analyse further.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.346-355
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• 2019

This study aimed to determine the factors of the make-up artist experience and establish their effects on brand loyalty through the mediation of trust and brand satisfaction. The step of first surveyed the make-up artist experience level through precedent research and made concept frame of study. The step of second checked up the effects of make-up artist experience through the desires for change. The step of third established to the effects of brand loyalty through make-up artist experience brand through mediation of make-up artist trust and brand satisfaction. The survey was carried out on 440 women aged 20 to 40 who experienced make-up services in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Sejong and Daejeon. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0, and AMOS 18.0 using frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, structural model analysis and t-tests. 1)Make-up artist experiences were divided into informational/ relational experiences and emotional experiences. 2)Desires for change influenced positive effects about information/relational experience and emotional experience. 3)The information/relation experiences influenced positive effects about artist trust and brand satisfaction. 4)The emotional experiences influenced positive effects about make-up artist trust and brand satisfaction. 5) The make-up artist trust influenced positive effects about brand satisfaction. Trust in the make-up artist did not directly influence brand loyalty, but influenced it through satisfaction. 6)The brand satisfaction influenced positive effects about brand loyalty. This study identified the roles of make-up artist and the importance of the make-up experience.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.73-85
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of the professor's image making (internal, external, social image) perceived by college students on instructional outcomes. The influence of the professor's image making on class satisfaction and class commitment was analyzed, and the mediating effect of class satisfaction and the relationship between class satisfaction and class commitment in the relationship between image making and class commitment was considered. First, it was found that the external image and social image of the professor had a significant effect on class satisfaction. The level of interpersonal relations, such as communication, manners, manners, and intimacy as well as the management of external expressions, clothing style, makeup, hair, gestures, postures, attitudes, voices, speech, and speech speed brings satisfaction to the class. Second, it was found that the professor's inner image, outer image, and social image had a significant effect on class commitment. In order to satisfy the students' immersion in class, professors are required to manage internal, external, and social images. Third, it was found that class satisfaction had a significant effect on class commitment. If the class satisfaction is high, it means that class immersion also increases. Fourth, as for the social image of a professor, it was found that class satisfaction had a completely mediating effect in the relationship between class commitment, and the external image of a professor was found to have a partial mediating effect in class satisfaction in the relationship between class commitment. It was found that the social image of professors perceived by college students improve class satisfaction, and this improves class satisfaction further enhances class immersion.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.589-594
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for design and pattern development research in the modernization of Cheollik by comparing and analyzing the interrelationships between the components of the Cheollik. The 237 pieces of excavated costume Cheollik in the museums were surveyed. The size of the Cheollik components were examined by 100 year unit from 1400s to after 1800s. In the 1400s, the length of Cheollik was the shortest and the length of top was longer than the bottom. In the 1700s, the total length was the longest and the bottom was longer than the top. As the age increases, the total length and the bottom become longer and the length of the top becomes shorter. Poom and Gutseop were the largest in the 1400s and the smallest the after 1800s. As the age of the Poom and Gutseop decreased, the width of the Anseop increased. Gutseop was always present but Anseop was not always present in Cheollik components. As the ages passed, Jindong and Soogu became narrower and Baerae became wider. These change of Cheollik's sleeves form were affected by GongBok(so-called official wear) sleeves. By age, Cheollik did not show any big change in the basic shape, but the partial dimensions of the components showed changes. If the design and pattern research for modernization is done based on systematic establishment of pattern dimension of Cheollik, Cheollik dress combines practicality while preserving beauty and tradition at the same time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.130-143
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• 2010

Hanbok industry is not based on a consumer-oriented market system, which is related to poor competitiveness in various areas, such as product planning, marketing, and flow of raw materials. The purpose of this paper is to design and conduct an empirical study on important aspects of consumers. experiences and perspectives about Hanbok, and thereby aims to provide much-needed guidance about ways to promote the Hanbok market. Out of 1065 questionnaires distributed, a total of 1039 was returned with responses and used for analyses. The respondent sample included consumers of various background characteristics in their residential areas, age, gender, education levels, and income levels. Cronbach's alpha and a factor analysis were employed for the reliability and the construct validation of the survey instrument. One-way ANOVA associated with post-hoc comparison tests was used to investigate differences across different demographic subgroups of consumers. The results show that consumers generally view Hanbok as one of the formal dresses, worn one or two times per year for traditional events or ceremonies. Consumers tend to show negative opinions about the pricing, and the inconvenience in cleaning and wearing Hanbok. However, consumers think very highly of the aesthetic values, the gracious styles, and the iconic identity of nationalism of Hanbok. This study suggests that Hanbok for modern consumers should be considered as clothing for a ritual, rather than clothing to reconstruct to be fitted to modern daily lives. Hanbok should be promoted as part of up-scaled and differentiated traditional cultures, as clothing that represents and enhances the traditional elegance and beauty unique to the Korean people.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.9
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• pp.15-26
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• 2011

The study compared and analyzed the physical figures of Korean women, who are in their 60's, living in Korea and those living in Japan. Results are as follow: 1. Korean women, in their 60's, living in Korea were compared with their counterparts living in Japan across 52 items of body measurements, 25 of which have been found to be different. 2. Factor analysis was conducted with the body measurements of the two groups. The analysis results found no big differences between them. 3. Cluster analysis was performed with the factor points of the two groups, and the analysis results identified three types for both of the parties. Korean women living in Korea can be identified as those who were tall and weighed average, those who were average tall and weighed little, and those who were in average height and weighed a lot. On the other hand, Korean women living in Japan can be identified as those who were short and weighed little, those who were in average height and weighed a lot, and those who were tall and weighed average. The result of the study indicates distinctive differences between the two groups, and suggests that people of the same race can have differences in their physical figures due to many factors including socio-cultural and dietary differences when they live in different places over extended period of time.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.672-678
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• 2011

This was written based on the type and structure of korean man's waist belt in the early and middle era of the Chosun era. The waist belt was excavated from the Mokdaldong in the Daejeon city. The types of korean man's waist belt in the Chosun era were classified into Wondahae (i.e., round shape belt) and Gwangdahae. The Wondahae consist of two types which are circle shaped and straight types. The circle shaped wondahae contain one fringe in the main body of the belt and its joint part is decorated with a small network such as lacing decoration with the size about 1 cm around. The shape of the Wondahae has been changed from the circle shaped into the straight types and also has a tendency to be wider and longer as time went by. The standard form of the Gwangdahae is straight with about 2-3 cm width and elaborated by lacelike fringe as well. This also has a tendency to be wider starting from the 1600s show. The structure of this belts were divided into braid and ornament parts. The ornament part was constructed with the lacelike netting and fringe parts. The sophisticated craft techniques have a great decorative beauty. Through an analysis of FT-IR, the materials of those three belt are known which are made of the silk and the core thread was filled with cotton. Moreover, it can be confirmed that the glitter material of the ornament part were designed with gold foil and has been analyzed with SEM-EDX.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.357-370
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• 2013

The Republican Period of China (1912 to 1949) was when the archetypes of thought (constituting contemporary China) engaged in heated rivalry and were directly influenced by Korea through frequent exchanges. This study analyzes the characteristic of Chinese women's aesthetics towards the human body with a focus on visual materials (such as articles and illustrations concerning hairstyle, makeup, skincare, fashion, and gymnastics) featured in the Chinese women magazines of Fun$\ddot{u}$zazhi (婦女雜誌) and Linglong (玲瓏). This study analyzes these magazines and compares them with Korean counterparts. The movement of the developed and controlled human body was a common characteristic of this period; however, compared to the Chinese, the Japanese colonial period of Korea resulted in an introspective self-examination through excessively objectified eyes. Dress and adornment as the symbol of a new civilization acted as the most remarkable signifier. The overlapping of a western image with a Japanese image led to more resistance in Korea. The criterion for the value of a women's external appearance (that traditionally dualized womanly virtues) collapsed and dress was accepted as an expression of individuality instead of as a social class. The human body was traditionally recognized as a microcosm of the universe that dominated the natural principle of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements. However, the ideal human body was postulated and the aesthetic consciousness of the body changed into an imaginary view of the human body that proceeded to keep the body fit for and gave birth to the concept of supplementing the deficiency of the beauty of the human body with dress and makeup.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.574-587
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to classify shopper types by high-school girls' purchasing motivations of color cosmetics and to examine the effects of store evaluative criteria and information sources on store patronage behaviors. A questionnaire was developed based on the previous studies and was administrated to 534 high-school girls living in Busan High school girls were pursuing to cover and white their faces by using color cosmetics. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, chi-square test, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncantest, and regression analysis using SPSS 12.0. The results showed that they were classified Covering/whitening pursuing groups, Beauty pursuing groups, and Curiosity/conformity pursuing groups by their purchasing motivations of color cosmetics. High school are girls pursuing to cover and white their faces by using color cosmetics, and are were likely to visit low price specialty stores. This is influenced by their experiences and information from their friends or families. Girls using color cosmetics from their curiosity or conformity were likely to shop in low price specialty stores with a good layout and kind salespersons, while they were likely to use general specialty stores when they wanted to exchange and test cosmetics. These findings may provide useful implications for researchers and marketers related to color cosmetics markets of high school girls.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.88-107
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• 2012

Hybrid implies that elements in more than two are combined, and is what is merged and used complexly the technologies and materials in several fields according to the development in scientific technology and the progress in technology. In the formative and artistic aspect, the hybrid can be said to be phenomenon that two of mutually different genres are combined. The function and form in each genre, which were combined at this time, are remained wholly or partially, thereby revealing as well without hiding a fact of having been combined. In the digital communication era, the same time level was integrated into one culture, with destroying the temporal·spatial boundary. As for the objectives of this study, first, the aim is to suggest a model for researching into make-up by grasping the developmental process and the characteristics of hybrid art through considering an art theory of hybrid, which was shown in make-up. Second, the aim is to design make-up by analyzing trend by make-up style after applying the genre deconstruction in hybrid. The modern make-up design through genre-deconstruction characteristics beyond diverse plurality and genre could be known to be highlighted as aesthetic characteristic by a slight attempt as communication of open space, which connects culture and genre, which had failed to be recognized and was neglected. Through the results of this study, it could be known that there is infinite possibility in developing make-up design in line with modern sensation through aesthetic element and symbolic significance through genre deconstruction. Based on these findings, its significance can be said to be in substantially contributing to offering new sight to the design & formative characteristic and the expression mode in future make-up, to providing basic data, and to strengthening competitive edge of culture and art.