• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.167-178
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• 1995

The purpose of this research was to get basic information for the development of Korean native chicken industry by reviewing the current native chicken farm management and marketing situation of native chicken products(meat and eggs). The research was carried on the basis of the farm field survey covering 210 native chicken feeders out of 9 different local areas, and the results were as follows ; 1. Average raising size of native chicken flocks of sample farms was 1,787 heads and about 50% of those farms raised less than 500 heads chickens for self-sufficiency or on the side. 2. Most farmers made the decision to start on feeding native chickens in small scale with small amount of capital without sound feeding program, and their decision was mainly influenced by recommendation of mass-media( 19.5%) and neighbors (17.2%). 3. The average income per farm earned by raising the native chickens was 13,719 Won, and income per head of chicken was 8,800 Won. 4. About 40% of feeders expressed that the poor marketing management and lack of capital were the bottleneck to native chicken farm management. 5. About 70% of feeders evaluated the prospect of native chicken industry positively and so, about 60% of feeders hoped to expand the raising size in the future. 6. Most farmers directry made a bargain with marketer including middleman and enduser in selling the chicken products because there was not established special marketing system for native chicken products. 7. The sales age of native broiler was about 16~20 weeks and average body weight of broiler was 1.5~2.0 kg. And farm recieved price was not decided on the basis of each body weight or meat quality but only number of heads. 8. The average first egg-laying age of chickens was about 165 days and average annual laying rate was only about 56%. 9. In order to develop the successful Korean native chicken industry, followings are recommended ; 1) Reducing the production costs and increasing the productivity of native chickens should be carried out through technological research and development for sound feeding program of native chickens and sufficient fund supply. 2) Orderly native chicken marketing and pricing system should be established to give good vision about native chickens to farmers and to delight the consumers. 3) The measures for product differentiation including meat quality and nutritional value of native chicken products against other improved chickens should be actively taken by feeders and government.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.658-665
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• 2019

Among the renewable energy resources, wind power is growing rapidly in terms of technological development and market share. Recently, onshore wind farm have been affected by limitations of terrestrial space and environmental problems. Consequently, installation sites have been moved to the sea, and the development of floating offshore wind farms that are installed at deep waters with more abundant wind conditions is actively underway. In the context of maritime traffic, the optimal site of offshore wind farms is required to minimize the interference between ships and wind turbines and to reduce the probability of accidents. In this study, genetic algorithm based AIS(Automatic Indentification System) data composed of genes and chromosomes has been used. The optimal site of floating offshore wind farm was selected by using 80 genes and by evaluating the fitness of genetic algorithm. Further, the final site was selected by aggregating the seasonal optimal site. During analysis, 11 optimal site were found, and it was verified that the final site selected usng the genetic algorithm was viable from the perspective of maritime traffic.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.961-987
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• 2012

The present study is to investigate the characteristics and determinants of spatial distribution of strong small farm by defining the term, strong small farm (SSF) extracting the SSF households data dealing with apples, from 2010 Census of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Korea. Spatial distribution and concentration of SSF are analyzed based on spatial clustering techniques. We construct discrete dependent variables on strong and non-strong small farms and then analyze the determinants of the SSFs using probit model, with independent variables including population and economic characteristics and management characteristics. As of 2010, the apple SSFs, 1,529 households in total, are geographically concentrated in Gyeonsangbuk-do according to the analysis results. The determinants of SSF are similar to those of farms' earnings. When located in the apple producing area, and participating in producers organization while selling products directly, the farm is highly likely an SSF. The findings and results of the present study are expected to provide fundamental information helpful for preparing and implementing policies for SSFs in that the present study investigates the characteristics of SSF, which is a prerequisite step for SSF-related policies.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.337-346
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• 2019

Land suitability assessments for agricultural crop production determine the suitability of an area in terms of crop yields. We employed the maximum limiting characteristic method (MLCM) and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assess land suitability for Pears (Pyrus) in all Korean provinces (Dos). In general, suitability grades according to the MLCM were much lower than those according to the AHP. The MLCM determined that suitable areas (S1, S2, and S3) exist on 19.55% of the land, whereas 99.08% of the land was classified as suitable by the AHP. Based on information on pear farms in each Korean province in 5 years (1982, 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002, and 2007), the proportion of suitable land area according to the MLCM in each province as compared to all suitable areas was closer to the proportion of areas covered by pear farms in the 5 years in each province and also to the proportion of pear farm areas in 2007 in each province. Based on the assumption that if a province has more suitable areas for pears, more pears will be cultivated in that province, the results of the MLCM can be regarded as more accurate than those of the AHP.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2021

According to the IPCC, humans are influencing the climate system. Such changes in the climate system can cause problems in the supply of food ingredients in the agricultural field by changing the existing growing environment. To solve this problem, vertical farms can be a good alternative for a stable supply of food ingredients. Although the vertical smart farm pays close attention to maintaining and managing the growing environment of crops, it is difficult to uniformly implement temperature, humidity, illumination, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentrations in the building space. As a result of conducting computational fluid dynamics analysis to ensure air uniformity, a remarkable result is that it is advantageous to continuously spray suitable carbon dioxide CO2 concentrations for a long period of time for air uniformity in a vertical smart farm. Through this result, it is possible to efficiently plan a growing environment system optimized for a vertical smart farm. Based on this study, if efficient crops are produced by creating an optimized growing environment for vertical smart farms, it will be able to contribute to the development of the agricultural field.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.122-133
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• 2021

Cultivar parameter calibration can be affected by the reliability of the input data to a crop growth model. In South Korea, two sets of weather stations, which are included in the automated synoptic observing system (ASOS) or the automatic weather system (AWS), are available for preparation of the weather input data. The objectives of this study were to estimate the cultivar parameter using those sets of weather data and to compare the uncertainty of these parameters. The cultivar parameters of CERES-Rice model for Shindongjin cultivar was calibrated using the weather data measured at the weather stations included in either ASO S or AWS. The observation data of crop growth and management at the experiment farms were retrieved from the report of new cultivar development and research published by Rural Development Administration. The weather stations were chosen to be the nearest neighbor to the experiment farms where crop data were collected. The Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) method was used to calibrate the cultivar parameters for 100 times, which resulted in the distribution of parameter values. O n average, the errors of the heading date decreased by one day when the weather input data were obtained from the weather stations included in AWS compared with ASO S. In particular, reduction of the estimation error was observed even when the distance between the experiment farm and the ASOS stations was about 15 km. These results suggest that the use of the AWS stations would improve the reliability and applicability of the crop growth models for decision support as well as parameter calibration.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.13-29
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• 2018

Currently, rural labor markets are undergoing a structural change in which the proportion of non-agricultural industries is increasing, instead of decreasing the proportion of agriculture. The purpose of this study is to propose policy for job creation in rural areas through analyzing the employment situation in Rural Korea in the context of this structural change. Using the Census of Agriculture, Farm Household Economy Survey, we analyzed the increase of low income farmers and self-employed farmers. We analyzed the changes of non-farm employment in rural areas using the Census on Establishment. The main results of the study are as follows. First, farms' pathways are very diverse by the levels of income from their own farming and other gainful activities. It is necessary to implement policies that take into account the development pathways of farm household. Second, most of the farms are in low-income and self-employment status. In order to increase their incomes, it is necessary to increase non-farm income earning policy. The rural non-farm economy is becoming increasingly important in rural Korea. The growth of the non-farm economy will be crucially important when it comes to creating new jobs in rural areas in rural Korea. Third, it is necessary to provide systematic support for rural entrepreneurship as a core policy for expanding jobs beyond agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship has the potential to drive innovations that can reduce poverty and create employment. Fourth, there is a need for measures to increase jobs in the welfare field, which is growing fastest in recent years. In the welfare field, we can find vigorous collective actions in some rural communities such as community business, cooperative movement and various community development activities. Those activities will help increase the employment of aged farmers and low-income farm household.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2024

With the recent activation of the offshore wind power industry, there has been a development of power plants with a scale exceeding 400MW, comparable to traditional thermal power plants. Renewable energy, characterized by intermittency depending on the energy source, is a prominent feature of modern renewable power generation facilities, which are structured based on controllable inverter technology. As the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid expands, the grid codes for power system connection are progressively becoming more defined, leading to active discussions and evaluations in this area. In this paper, we propose a method for selecting optimal reactive power compensation capacity when multiple offshore wind farms are integrated and connected through a shared interconnection facility to comply with grid codes. Based on the requirements of the grid code, we analyze the reactive power compensation and excessive stability of the 400MW wind power generation site under development in the southwest sea of Jeonbuk. This analysis involves constructing a generation site database using PSS/E (Power System Simulation for Engineering), incorporating turbine layouts and cable data. The study calculates reactive power due to charging current in internal and external network cables and determines the reactive power compensation capacity at the interconnection point. Additionally, static and dynamic stability assessments are conducted by integrating with the power system database.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.279-290
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• 2004

This study aims to explore the benefits and extension's role with farmers' markets in USA. This study was conducted by literature review and case study. They help establish connections between consumers and food producers, provide an additional income source for farmers. and in general, serve as a tool for community development. First, from education to advocacy, from research to advising, extension educators have multiple roles to play in promoting the growth of farmers' markets. Second, it is essential that extension engage others who are interested in seeing the markets succeed and create opportunities for such groups to make the market unique in their given communities. Third, extension promotes farmers' markets through the creation and dissemination of how-to publications. These publications typically include tips about having a market establishing a prominent and easily accessible market location, and offering a sufficient product variety to ensure consumer satisfaction. Fourth, efforts by extension offices are already paying off for consumers, vendors, and communities. Involving those who will purchase as well as produce the foods sold at who will purchase as well as produce the foods sold at farmers' markets should diversify the audience extension educators reach. Fifth, extension educators can aid in this effort by encouraging farmers' market vendors to diversify their of offerings and to produce and sell value-added products. Sixth, many extension offices offer guides to the direct marketing venues in their counties, such as farmers' markets, pick your own operations, roadside stands, and community supported apiculture farms. Once such a guide is produced. extension educators can distribute it at workshops and inform local media about the guide so that they can publicize it. Seventh, extension educators should seek to involve those groups who can collaborators could include community economic development organizations, consumer groups, churches, food banks, land preservation organizations, school, farmers' organizations, and other community groups. Eighth, extension educators can also contribute to the improvement of existing markets by offering workshops for vendors in business management, advertizing, marketing, bookkeeping, personnel management, and food preservation. Ninth, farmer's market also provide an opportunity for extension to have face-to face communication with farmers. Tenth, if farmers' markets are well managed, these markets can provide economic, nutritive, educational, social and psychological benefits to venders and the community.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

Exosomes are homogenous vesicles of 40-100 nm diameter produced endogenously. Exosomes are generated by inward budding into multi-vesicular bodies (MVB) and then released to extracellular space. Exosomes contain various nucleic acid and protein cargoes from their cells of origin and this endosomal cellular molecules are used for intracellular communication and for both promotion and suppression of immune responses. Recently, they are also considered as delivery vehicle for therapeutic proteins due to their characteristics of stability in body fluids and ability for target uptake. Also, they show less immune reactivity because the isolated exosome harboring therapeutic proteins can be from the same host. White-spotted flower chafer, Protaetia brevitarsis is one of the major insect commercially reared in Korea. There are bacterial and fungal pathogens causing diseases in the beetle, and these diseases incur economic loss to the larva-rearing farms. Due to their endosomal cargoes, exosomes are good candidates in use of disease diagnosis. In this study, we isolated insect exosome from the hemolymph of P. brevitarsis, and verified it by analysis of the exosome-specific surface proteins and RNA.