• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.93-108
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• 2013

This study aimed to analyze the functionality and healthiness of family rules through a relational analysis of the relationship between the rule frequency by sub-family system and the content properties shown in the 'family constitution', It also aimed to examine the relationship between the perception degree of healthy family elements and the family subsystem rules and prepare the project development plans. As a result, it was a found that there were many dysfunctional rules, and healthiness was not satisfied. Project development plans include specific project plans, delivery systems, an orientation for practitioners, the necessity of evaluation and feedback, family health diagnosis, association with other project areas, and small scale operations.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.460-466
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze whether there is a change in patterns of medical use among those likely to be converted their health insurance qualifications when the family support rule is alleviated. There is no empirical analysis that converting health insurance qualification will affect the increase in medical use. Methods: For analysis, data were extracted from the national health insurance eligibility and medical care database. To identify analysis targets similar to that of medical aids' characteristics among health insurance coverage, we compared income, property level, and medical use patterns through basic statistical analysis and used a difference-in-difference (DID) analysis to estimate the net effect of changes in medical use following the change of qualifications. Results: The main results are as follows. The results show that those who are under the 5% income group (1st income group) of health insurance coverage are the most similar to the medical aids group. DID analysis shows that changes in the medical use of people who maintain their national insurance qualification and who are not. As a results, the number of hospitalized days of converting group was reduced by 3.5 days while outpatient days were increased by 1.8 days. Conclusion: As a result, there was not much difference in the patterns of medical use for the under 5% income group who are likely to be eligible for expanded medical aids when the family support rule is alleviated. In addition, more than 30% of them are in arrears with their health insurance premiums, causing inconvenience in using medical services. These findings suggest the need of abolishing the criteria obligated to support family, and great efforts should be made to contribute to non-paid poor and remove their medical blind spot.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.351-361
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• 1995

The main purpose of the study is to identify critical risk factors for development of a family assessment tool to screen high risk family. This study used a conceptual framework of family diagnosis developed by Eui-sook Kim's (1993) and analyzed risk factors to identify the high risk family. As employing a explorative and methodological study design, this study has four stages. 1. In the first stage, 34 family risk factors were identified by doing intensive literature review on conceptual framework of family diagnoses. 2. In the second stage, above risk factors were tested for content validity by consultation with 29 persons in community health nursing, nursing education, family theory, and social work. 3. In the third stage, existing survey data was used for actual application of the identified risk factors. The survey data used for this purpose was previously collected for the community diagnosis in a region of Seoul. At the final stage, through the comparison between high risk and low risk families, initially identified 34 risk factors decreased to 25 risk factors. Among 34 risk factors, six factors did not agree with content of questionnaries sand two factors were not significant in differentiating the high risk family Also, two risk factors showed high correlation between themselves, so only one of those two factors was chosen. As a result, twenty-five risk factors chosen to identify the high risk family are following ; 1. A single parent family due to divorce or death of a partner, or unweded single mother 2. A family with an unrelated household members 3. A family with a working mother with a young child 4. A family with no regular income 5. A family with no rule in family or too strict rules 6. A family with little or no support from other lam-ily members 7. A family with little or no support from friends or relatives 8. A family with little or no time to share with each other 9. A family with family history of hypertension, diabetus, cancer 10. A family with a sick person 11. A family with a mentally ill person 12. A family with a disabled person 13. A family with an alcoholic person 14. A family with a excessive smoker who smokes more than 1 pack / day 15. A family with too much salt intake in their diet. 16. A family with inappropriate management skills for family health 17. A family with high utilization of drug store than hospital to solve the health problems of the family 18. A family with disharmony between husband and wife 19. A family with conflicts among the family members 20. A family with unequal division of labor among family members 21. An authoritative family structure 22. A socially isolated family 23. The location of house is not residential area 24. A family with high risk of accidents 25. The drinking water and sewage systems are not hygienic. The main implication of the results of this study is clinical use. The high risk factors can be used to identify the high risk family effectively and efficiently. The use of high risk factors woule contribute to develop a conceptual framework of family diagnosis in Korea and the list of risk factors need to be revised continuously. Further researches are needed to develop an index of weight of each risk factor and to validate the risk factors.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.12
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• pp.1095-1105
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• 2013

This paper proposes the RDMS(Rough Set Theory based Disease Monitoring System) which efficiently manages diseases in Healthcare System. The RDMS is made up of DCM(Data Collection Module), RDRGM(RST based Disease Rules Generation Module), and HMM(Healthcare Monitoring Module). The DCM collects bio-metric informations from bio sensor of patient and stores it in RDMS DB according to the processing procedure of data. The RDRGM generates disease rules using the core of RST and the support of attributes. The HMM predicts a patient's disease by analyzing not only the risk quotient but also that of complications on the patient's disease by using the collected patient's information by DCM and transfers a visualized patient's information to a patient, a family doctor, etc according to a patient's risk quotient. Also the HMM predicts the patient's disease by comparing and analyzing a patient's medical information, a current patient's health condition, and a patient's family history according to the rules generated by RDRGM and can provide the Patient-Customized Medical Service and the medical information with the prediction result rapidly and reliably.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.137-142
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the features that make residents feel “at home” in ALFs in Southwest Virginia and to suggest further policy and design guidelines for better Quality of ALFs as a “home.” For this purpose, residents' needs, experiences, and opinions of the physical environment, the social environment, and the organizational environments such as policies and programs of ALFs were identified. As a multi-case study, five ALFs in Southwest Virginia were studied using constant comparative methos of data analysis. In addition to face-to-face interviews with 25 residents and five administrators of five ALFs, observations were conducted with personal journal. Overall, the five sites selected presented homelike features showing the philosophy of assisted living which combines housing and services. Each facility was designed to be a single-family house or multi-family dwelling in outside appearance. As a whole, residents felt isolation and loneliness and they did not have active interaction with other residents because of diverse background among the residents. However, all of them had close relationships with the staff. The staff's attitude and behavior seemed to influence greatly the residents' feeling “at home.” Despite the provision of diverse activities by the facilities, many residents did not participate in the programs. Most of the residents agreed that the rule and regulations were fair. In spite of high satisfaction with the facility, many people did not think of their current dwelling as a real ‘home.’ As the biggest difference between living in their own homes and living in the ALF, people pointed out a lack of independence, freedom, and autonomy. Residents of ALFs may have reordered their priorities in their current life situation so that safety, security, and care were more important to them than feeling “at home.” Among the three factors --physical, social, and organizational-- that affect the residents' perception of ALFs as a “home, ” many emphasized the importance of social factors such as relationships with the staff and residents, and social support from their family or friends.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.410-419
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• 1996

This study was reviewed from 1000 articles related to family planning from 1970 to 1990 and 20 articles associated with natural family planning from 1980 until the present. The purpose of natural family planning(NFP) is to identify the time ovulation of women themselves, to have intercourse with periodic abstinence, and to deliver a healthy child. The ultimate goal of NFP is to promote the family's health. The NFP method is described as periodic abstinence of intercourse to avoid pregnancy by identifying the ovulation time in the menstration cycle. Clinical symptoms and signs of reflection underlying changes in Estrogen and Progesterone are the change of basal body temperature, the change of cervical mucus and cervix, abdominal pain and breast tenderness. The types of NFP are the calender rthythm method, basal body temperature methods, cervical mucus method, symptothermal method, cyclo-thermal method and home based ovulation test kits. Recently the cyclo-thermal method involved. It is calendar rhythm method applied to B.B.T. For the cervical mucus method, when the estrogen level in the blood concentration is increased, the mucus begins to excrete, the amount of moist mucus increases while the mucus is clear, slippery, and smooth. For 3 days, this timing can be considered contraception. Fertility is at a maximum on the day mucus appears, abstinence for 3 days is a type of contraception. Sexual intercourse on a maximum day of mucus maximizes pregnancy potential. But, the contraception depends on the practice of a perfect rule. For basal body temperature methods, at ovulation time, the temperature increases $0.2^{\circ}C-0.5^{\circ}C$. Through the review of literature a high temperature above $0.2^{\circ}C$ for 3 days indicates that the previous 6 day period was ovulation and fertilization. The Symptothermal method is used to determine the prediction of ovulation through the observation of mucus excretion, high temperature, the change of cervical mucus, low abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and breast change. Home based ovulation test kits are cervico-vaginal fluid aspiration, test a digital electric thermometer, body fluid(blood, saliva, urine) test kits, They are on the market. However, research on the contraception method is still in progress. For pregnancy it is still too early to use home based ovulation test kits because of deficit of reliability and simplicity more research on the technology is needed. It is suggested that NFP methods be included in nursing curriculum in order to educate NFP users how to effectively use NFP methods. Furthermore, this study has implications for the dissemination of NFP methods in terms of Korean policies of family planning and the support of community welfare agences.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.29-47
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to conceptualize the definition of school readiness specific to the context of the Republic of Korea. The school readiness test can be used as basic data to enable early childhood educational institutes to determine the general readiness of preschoolers and provide support to fit individual characteristics. For this purpose, six stages of the school readiness development process were considered, that is, draft development, primary preliminary survey, primary expert verification, secondary expert verification, secondary preliminary survey, and main survey. In the main survey, tests were conducted using the school readiness final draft targeting 344 preschoolers living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The item discrimination power analysis and factor analysis for the examination area and question area were also conducted. Consequently, a test tool was developed on the basic of the results obtained, consisting of 129 items in the five areas of knowledge, function, adaptation, tendency, and attitude. The knowledge area was divided into general, linguistic, and mathematical knowledge, and the function area into fine motor function, basic living ability, expressive function, and gross motor function. The adaptation area was classified into adaptation activity, separation anxiety, maladaptive behavior, and environment adaptation; the tendency area into learning tendency; others understanding, and individual tendency, and the attitude area into rule compliance and life habits.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2008

The Zic family is a group of genes encoding zinc finger proteins that are highly expressed in the mammalian cerebellum. Zic genes are the vertebrate homologue of Drosophila pair-rule gene, odd-paired(opa), which plays important roles in the parasegmental subdivision as well as in the visceral mesoderm development of Drosophila embryos. Recent studies on human, mouse, frog, fish and ascidian Zic homologues support that Zic genes are involved in a variety of developmental processes, including neurogenesis, myogenesis, skeletal patterning, and left-right axis establishment. In an effort to explore possible functions of Zic proteins during vertebrate embryogenesis, we initially examined more detailed expression pattern of zebrafish homologue of zic3(zic3z). zic3z transcripts are detected in the neuroectoderm, neural plate, dorsal neural tube, and brain regions including eye field during early embryonic development. Marker DNA studies found that zic3z transcription is modulated by BMP, Wnt, and Nodal signals particularly in the dorsal and vegetal neuroectoderm at gastrula. Interfering with zic3z translation with zic3z-specific morpholino causes abnormal brain formation and expansion of the optic stalk cells. Retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) undergo abnormal neuronal differentiation. These findings suggest that zic3z defines the dorsal and vegetal neuroectoderm to specify brain formation and retinal neurogenesis during early embryonic development.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.315-328
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the components and nature of happiness in middle-aged women in Korea. Methods: Thirty middle-aged women living in metropolitan Seoul and Gyeonggi and Chungcheong provinces agreed to participate in this study. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with the participants in one-on-one settings. The data were analyzed qualitative using Colaizzi's method of phenomenology. Results: The three theme clusters were extracted from the raw data, along with 13 themes and 138 meaningful sentences and phrases. The three happiness theme clusters in middle-aged women were "live healthy for stability," "rule one's mind for harmony," and "activate hopes for self-esteem." The first theme cluster included healthy life, economic stability, physical youth, and positive thought. The second theme cluster included that harmonious family, ruling of mind, my position as invisible person in social relationships, and precious relationships to support. The last theme included the center of one's life is oneself, a sense of accomplishment, self-improvement, recognition of one's worth and rest for one self. The three theme clusters were associated with the existence, relatedness, and growth (ERG) of ERG areas, respectively. Conclusions: We conclude that the core components of happiness in middle-aged women are to live healthy and mind-ruled and activate hope. The nature of happiness is egocentric stability in middle-aged women. The results suggest that theme clusters might be used to develop a scale for measuring happiness in middle-aged women. This will be helpful to assess the psychosocial status of middle-aged women in Korea.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.35-52
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• 2009

The guard system in the last period of the Joseon Dynasty, established at the time of the struggle of invading world powers and the loss of the Dynasty rights, was strengthened to protect the Royal family and the Dynasty from the attacks of foreign powers. While investigating both the military system and the guard system from the beginning of King Gojong's direct royal governing to the time of Japanese annexation of Korea, we realize that the Joseon Dynasty not only lost the support of the public but also had little power to cope with the aggression of foreign countries. The reformation and strengthening by Daewongun, King Gojong's father, was made in preparation for King Gojong's direct royal rule. Nevertheless, the intervention of foreign countries in the domestic affairs of the Joseon Dynasty got worse. As opposed to their intervention, Queen Minbi had engaged in politics, which resulted in murderous attempts on her. The Joseon Dynasty had tried to reform and intensify the guard system. New names such as Muwiso, Chingunyeong, and Siwidai, had been given respectively. Such reformation and intensification had little effect because of two successive victories at the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War of Japan. Japan occupied the Joseon Dynasty by force after all. The guard system of Daehan-jeguk(the Empire of Korea) was eventually incapacitated; an army in the cause of justice was raised instead. However, The state of things and the guard system at that incapacitated period gives a good lesson for the establishment of a modern guard system at the present day.