• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2012

Several studies have been conducted on dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition in Asian populations. We examined the cross-sectional associations in dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition, including the glycemic index (GI) with dyslipidemia and diabetes among the Korean adult population. We analyzed 9,725 subjects (3,795 men and 5,930 women, ${\geq}$ 20 years) from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary information was collected using single 24-hour recall. Reduced rank regression was used to derive dietary patterns from 22 food groups as predictor variables and four dietary factors related to the quantity and quality of carbohydrates as response variables. Two dietary patterns were identified: 1) the balanced pattern was characterized by high intake of various kinds of foods including white rice, and 2) the rice-oriented pattern was characterized by a high intake of white rice but low intake of vegetables, fruits, meat, and dairy products. Both patterns had considerable amounts of total carbohydrate, but GI values differed. The rice-oriented pattern was positively associated with hypertriglyceridemia in men and low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in both men and women. The balanced pattern had no overall significant association with the prevalence of dyslipidemia or diabetes, however, men with energy intake above the median showed a reduced prevalence of diabetes across quintiles of balanced pattern scores. The results show that dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition are associated with prevalence of dyslipidemia and diabetes in the Korean adult population.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.535-540
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• 2012

${\beta}$-D-Xylosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.37) from Bifidobacterium breve K-110, which hydrolyzes ginsenoside Ra1 to ginsenoside Rb2, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The ($His_6$)-tagged recombinant enzyme, designated as XlyBK-110, was efficiently purified using $Ni^{2+}$-affinity chromatography (109.9-fold, 84% yield). The molecular mass of XylBK-100 was found to be 55.7 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Its sequence revealed a 1,347 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein containing 448 amino acids, which showed 82% identity (DNA) to the previously reported glycosyl hydrolase family 30 of Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703. The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values toward p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranoside (pNPX) were 1.45mM and 10.75 ${\mu}mol/min/mg$, respectively. This enzyme had pH and temperature optima at 6.0 and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively. XylBK-110 acted to the greatest extent on xyloglucosyl kakkalide, followed by pNPX and ginsenoside Ra1, but did not act on p-nitrophenyl-${\alpha}$-L-arabinofuranoside, p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, or p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-fucopyranoside. In conclusion, this is the first report on the cloning and expression of ${\beta}$-D-xylosidase-hydrolyzing ginsenoside Ra1 and kakkalide from human intestinal microflora.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2012

An investigation was conducted on the enhancement of production and purification of an oxidant and SDS-stable alkaline protease (BHAP) secreted by an alkalophilic Bacillus horikoshii, which was screened from the body fluid of a unique Korean polychaeta (Periserrula leucophryna) living in the tidal mud flats of Kwangwha Island in the Korean West Sea. A prominent effect on BHAP production was obtained by adding 2% maltose, 1% sodium citrate, 0.8% NaCl, and 0.6% sodium carbonate to the culturing medium. The optimal medium for BHAP production contained (g/l) SBM, 15; casein, 10; $K_2HPO_4$, 2; $KH_2PO_4$, 2; maltose, 20; sodium citrate, 10; $MgSO_4$, 0.06; NaCl, 8; and $Na_2CO_3$, 6. A protease yield of approximately 56,000 U/ml was achieved using the optimized medium, which is an increase of approximately 5.5-fold compared with the previous optimization (10,050 U/ml). The BHAP was homogenously purified 34-fold with an overall recovery of 34% and a specific activity of 223,090 U/mg protein using adsorption with Diaion HPA75, hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) on Phenyl-Sepharose, and ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE- and CM-Sepharose column. The purified BHAP was determined a homogeneous by SDS-PAGE, with an apparent molecular mass of 28 kDa, and it showed extreme stability towards organic solvents, SDS, and oxidizing agents. The $K_m$ and $k_{cat}$ values were 78.7 ${\mu}M$ and $217.4s^{-1}$ for N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 9, respectively. The inhibition profile exhibited by PMSF suggested that the protease from B. horikoshii belongs to the family of serine proteases. The BHAP, which showed high stability against SDS and $H_2O_2$, has significance for industrial application, such as additives in detergent and feed industries.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1765-1773
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• 2013

The cathode reaction is one of the most seriously limiting factors in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The critical dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of a platinum-loaded graphite electrode was reported as 2.2 mg/l, about 10-fold higher than an aerobic bacterium. A series of MFCs were run with the cathode compartment inoculated with activated sludge (biotic) or not (abiotic) on platinum-loaded or bare graphite electrodes. At the beginning of the operation, the current values from MFCs with a biocathode and abiotic cathode were $2.3{\pm}0.1$ and $2.6{\pm}0.2mA$, respectively, at the air-saturated water supply in the cathode. The current from MFCs with an abiotic cathode did not change, but that of MFCs with a biotic cathode increased to 3.0 mA after 8 weeks. The coulomb efficiency was 59.6% in the MFCs with a biotic cathode, much higher than the value of 15.6% of the abiotic cathode. When the DO supply was reduced, the current from MFCs with an abiotic cathode decreased more sharply than in those with a biotic cathode. When the respiratory inhibitor azide was added to the catholyte, the current decreased in MFCs with a biotic cathode but did not change in MFCs with an abiotic cathode. The power density was higher in MFCs with a biotic cathode ($430W/m^3$ cathode compartment) than the abiotic cathode MFC ($257W/m^3$ cathode compartment). Electron microscopic observation revealed nanowire structures in biofilms that developed on both the anode and on the biocathode. These results show that an electron-consuming bacterial consortium can be used as a cathode catalyst to improve the cathode reaction.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

This study proposes the requirements for students in colleges majoring in fashion at two-year colleges in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do to perform behaviors in preparation for a further career more effectively by identifying the impact of social support on the career decision-making self-efficacy, and behaviors preparing a further career. The results of this study are described below. In accordance with the analysis on the relationship between career decision-making self-efficacy and behaviors preparing a further career, and the social support, the social support had a positive impact on the career decision-making self-efficacy and a negative impact on the behaviors preparing a further career. Moreover, the career decision-making self-efficacy had a positive impact on the behaviors preparing a further career. In accordance with the analysis, social support from family members or relevant third parties is required for improving the behavior of students majoring fashion in colleges to prepare a further career. To this end, the quantity or scope of social support is not the main issue, but the meticulous approach to fit each student's need for making students recognize such social support. It is important for students in colleges to enhance career decision-making self-efficacy by accurately identifying their abilities, values or desires.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2014

Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), of the Foveavirus genus in the family Betaflexiviridae, is one of the most common viruses of apple and pear trees. To examine variability of the coat protein (CP) gene from ASPV, eight isolates originating from 251 apple trees, which were collected from 22 apple orchards located in intensive apple growing areas of the North Gyeongsang and North Jeolla Provinces in Korea, were sequenced and compared. The nucleotide sequence identity of the CP gene of eight ASPV isolates ranged from 77.0 to 97.0%, while the amino acid sequence identity ranged from 87.7 to 98.5%. The N-terminal region of the viral CP gene was highly variable, whereas the C-terminal region was conserved. Genetic algorithm recombination detection (GARD) and single breakpoint recombination (SBP) analyses identified base substitutions between eight ASPV isolates at positions 54 and 57 and position 771, respectively. GABranch analysis was used to determine whether the eight isolates evolved due to positive selection. All values in the GABranch analysis showed a ratio of substitution rates at non-synonymous and synonymous sites (dNS/dS) below 1, suggestive of strong negative selection forces during ASPV CP history. Although negative selection dominated CP evolution in the eight ASPV isolates, SLAC and FEL tests identified four possible positive selection sites at codons 10, 22, 102, and 158. This is the first study of the ASPV genome in Korea.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-42
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• 1999

This study was performed with 482 subjects(278 boys and 204 girls in Seoul and Kyunggido area) to find out the attitude and eating behaviors about Kimchi on Korean young generation. General characteristics about subject and attitude and eating behavior were surveyed by self-developed questionnaires. 85.9% of the subjects were nuclear family type and 49.9% of respondent's mother had full-time job and 96.1% of subjects were middle or upper economic status. The preference for Kimchi, 60.4% of respondents answered that they liked Kimchi. According to grade, the rate of preference about Kimchi was significantly different, higher grade students were found higher preference on Kimchi : 64.4% of middle and 70.4% of high school students liked Kimchi. The eating patterns of Kimchi, up to 60% of respondents answered they ate Kimchi in every meal time, which suggested that it was still an important side dish in Korean meal among teenagers. The eating behaviors on Kimchi, $85{\sim}90%$ of respondents answered that they preferred Kimchi in meal time. Baechu Kimchi(chinese cabbage Kimchi) and Gakdugi(radish cube Kimchi) was highly preferred. And their preference of food which made from Kimchi (such as Kimchi fried rice, Kimchi stew, Kimchi pancake) was highly evaluated. 65.6% of residents pointed out that 'Kimchi is very nutritious food'. The respondent's structure of value on Kimchi were not significantly difference between sex and age. But it was significantly difference(p<0.01) between the groups with preference and familiarity on Kimchi. The group had higher preference and familiarity on Kimchi agreed to the positive values about Kimchi. These result suggested that various kinds of Kimchi should be developed for young generation to meet their taste and also continuous nutrition education about traditional food especially Kimchi should be promoted at home and school.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Purpose: This study examined the effects of pre-eccentric exercise to the quadriceps for the prevention of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and recovery of muscular function, depending on the training intensities. Methods: Subjects were divided into one of three groups that control group, a low intensity eccentric exercise group (LIEE group) and a high intensity eccentric exercise group (HIEE group). Subjects who underwent pre-eccentric exercise undertook exercise at an intensity of 25% and 75% of maximal voluntary contractions, respectively. After undertaking pre-eccentric exercise for eight weeks, eccentric exercise was applied again to induce DOMS. Measurements were conducted to examine pain and muscular function changes before, immediately after, after the induction of DOMS, and at the first, third, fifth and seventh days after the induction of DOMS. Results: Subjects who underwent pre-eccentric exercise showed a significant difference from the control group for the changes in the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain threshold, pressure pain threshold and muscle thickness by isometric contraction from measuring DOMS, and in particular, pain threshold by isometric contraction had remarkable effect in the LIEE group of subjects. For the change of the root mean square values using mechanomyography (MMG) as the measurement of muscular function recovery, subjects who had undertaken pre-eccentric exercise group showed a significant difference as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Pre-eccentric exercise was very effective in preventing and recovering delayed onset muscle soreness and was helpful to prevent and recover from decreased muscular function. The difference based on the intensity of exercise was not great, but it was more effective in the low intensity eccentric exercise group of subjects. Therefore, it can be considered that pre-eccentric exercise has a high application value as a physical therapy intervention for prevention and rehabilitation of sports injuries.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2020

Rural Development Administration (RDA) has developed a manufacturing technology which can increase the amount of platycodin D in Platycodon grandiflorum. A study is needed to estimate the value of this new technology and predict the market demand for a new product. This study estimates additional amount of willingness to pay (WTP) using contingent valuation method (CVM) for a new product with the technology that RDA has developed. The survey was created under virtual health functional foods market of Platycodon grandiflorums. It was conducted with 1,000 adult males and females aged between 19 and 59 years old in 17 major cities and provinces nationwide from December 4 to December 7, 2018. The amount of WTP for the health functional Platycodon grandiflorum was drawn using maxinum likelihood estimation method. The estimated average and median WTP values are 21,933.85 won per person and 10,000 won per person, respectively. The independent factors, including the ratio of monthly average health function food consumption to income, the average monthly income level of a household, and existence of family members or relatives engaged in food and nutrition-related professions in a household, have been shown to have a statistically significant influence on the WTP. This study presents the potential magnitude of health functional food market and the value of the new technology based on health functional food market.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 1999

Background and Aims : Nerve conduction study is invaluable in clinical neurology, especially for assessing peripheral neuropathies. Abnormal nerve conduction studies may result not only from peripheral nerve dysfunction itself, but also from other various mechanical, technical, and physiological factors such as age, sex, height and temperature. So we conducted this study to establish the our own normal values. Methods : In this study, from March. 1997 to July. 1998, 40 Korean adults among person came to Health Promotion Center over the age of 20 without any suspicion of neurological deficits were analysed to determine the effect of compound effects of several physiological factors. Results : The nerve conduction velocities of the upper extremity and proximal segments were faster than those of the lower extremity and distal segments. Physiological factors such as age, height and temperature affect the results of nerve conduction studies in multiple regression analysis. The sex difference is recognized over peroneal motor nerve. There are no sex differences in amplitude transformed into normal distribution. The significant physiological factor affecting the amplitude of nerve conduction is age, whereas height and temperature play no role. Conclusions : In multiple regression analysis, height is widespread variable for the nerve conduction velocities and temperature is important variable for lower extremities. The parametric statistical analysis cannot be applied to the amplitude of the compound muscle or nerve action potentials because of marked left shift in distribution. Sqareroot transformation of the CMAP and CNAP may be useful in normalizing the distribution. The most significant physiological factor affection the amplitude is age. Sex differences are not seen in nerve conduction study.