• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 2008

Annona reticulata belonging to the family Annonaceae is traditionally used as anthelmintic and it is reported to have anticancer activity. Free radicals are known to be involved in various types of diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders etc. The present study was aimed to evaluate free radical scavenging property of methanol extract of the leaves of Annona reticulata in some in vitro models e.g. DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide and lipid peroxide radical model. The extract showed good dose-dependent free radical scavenging property in all the models. $IC_{50}$ values were found to be 3.22, 170.01, 25.12 and $140.12\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively in DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Reductive ability of the extract was also tested based on potassium ferricyanide reduction where dose dependant reducing capability was observed. Measurement of total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent indicated that 1mg of the extract contained $146.20\;{\mu}g$ equivalent of pyrocatechol. The findings ascertain promising free radical scavenging property of the extract and the antioxidant property of the extract may be due to the high content of phenolic compounds.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.1 s.60
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• pp.83-90
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• 2007

The identity of Korean housing culture has been the subject of discussion in the past several decades. Recently construction company is using the expression of Korean Identity based on traditional housing as a strategic concept. There, however, has yet been found a concrete solution despite the ambitions intent to modernize Korean tradition. In this circumstances, this research was intended to understand the characteristics of traditional housing preferred by consumers, in order to embody the scheme in which Korean tradition can be modernized. The main conceptual characteristics and concrete examples were included in the characteristics of traditional housing. In result, Environment-Friendliness, Visual Openness, Human-Centeredness have been turned out to be the most preferred attributes amongst the major concept characteristics of traditional housing. In concrete case of Environment-Friendliness, the use of healthy natural materials such as timber or yellow mud was preferred the most. Consumers were also especially fond of open passage through connecting front and back balcony as for Visual Openness, and spaces created based on human body measurements regarding Human-Centeredness. The Savored characteristics of traditional housing varied by gender, age, family type, income, and scale of residence. The result of this research will be useful for housing construction company in planning Korean style apartments and also exploring preferred qualities according to the type of consumer.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.129-140
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• 2010

Malaysian traditional houses are basically post-and-beam structures raised on pillars, with gabled roofs. They were designed and built by the people themselves to meet specific needs, accommodating the values, economies and ways of life of cultures that produce them. The main purpose of this study is to understand the form and culture of Traditional houses in Malaysia through two parts. The first part is to summarize the general characteristic of traditional houses of Malaysia in the aspect of two different perspectives. One is the climate perspective, for which the analysis was made on the primary characteristics such as the climate, material, structure of the vernacular houses. The other one is the social-cultural perspective which try to find the religion, belief, life style and social and family relationship which controlled the forms of the housing under the surface. As a result, this study summarise and find the outstanding and unique meaning and definition of the traditional houses in Malaysia. The second part is to survey the specific case of the traditional house. Rumah Penghulu which were located in Kuala Lumpur were analyzed. As a result, this study summarise and find the formal and symbolic features of the traditional Malay houses. We hope that this study addresses the blank area in Korean housing studies about Southeast Asia countries which have not been clearly introduced yet.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1014-1021
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• 2004

Two thermostable xylanases, designated XynA and XynB, were purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of Paenibacillus sp. DG-22 by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The molecular masses of xylanases A and B were 20 and 30 kDa, respectively, as determined by SDS-PAGE, and their isoelectric points were 9.1 and 8.9, respectively. Both enzymes had similar pH and temperature optima (pH 5.0-6.5 and $70^{\circ}C$), but their stability at various temperatures differed. Xylanase B was comparatively more stable than xylanase A at higher temperatures. Xylanases A and B differed in their $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values. XynA had a $K_m$ of 2.0 mg/ml and a $V_{max}$ of 2,553 U/mg, whereas XynB had a K_m$ of 1.2 mg/ml and a $V_{max}$, of 754 U/mg. Both enzymes were endo-acting, as revealed by their hydrolysis product profiles on birchwood xylan, but showed different modes of action. Xylotriose was the major product of XynA activity, whereas XynB produced mainly xylobiose. These enzymes utilized small oligosaccharides such as xylotriose and xylotetraose as substrates, but did not hydrolyzed xylobiose. The amino terminal sequences of XynA and XynB were determined. Xylanase A showed high similarity with low molecular mass xylanases of family 11.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.236-244
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• 2014

The gene encoding ${\alpha}-\small{L}$-arabinofuranosidase (AFase) from Paenibacillus sp. DG-22 was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The AFase gene (abfA) comprises a 1,509 bp open reading frame encoding 502 amino acids with a molecular mass of 56,520 daltons. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene shows that AbfA is an enzyme consisting of only a catalytic domain, and that the enzyme has significant similarity to AFases classified into the family 51 of the glycosyl hydrolases. abfA was subcloned into the pQE60 expression vector to fuse it with a six-histidine tag and the recombinant AFase (rAbfA) was purified to homogeneity. The specific activity of the recombinant enzyme was 96.7 U/mg protein. Determination of the apparent molecular mass by gel-filtration chromatography indicated that AbfA has a tetrameric structure. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were 6.0 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by 1 mM $HgCl_2$. rAbfA was active only towards p-nitrophephenyl ${\alpha}-\small{L}$-arabinofuranoside and exhibited $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of 3.5 mM and 306.1 U/mg, respectively. rAbfA showed a synergistic effect in combination with endoxylanase on the degradation of oat spelt xylan and wheat arabinoxylan.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

This study examined the factors affecting college students' money management behaviors according to credit card usage. The data were collected from 481 college students in Busan and Gyeongnam areas by a self-administered questionnaire. Frequencies, Cronbach's Alpha, factor analyses, t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and regression analyses were conducted by SPSS WINDOWS. The results from this study were as follows. First, there were significant differences between credit card usage group and non-usage group in the means for future preparation, stingy attitude, and planned expenditure. However, there was no significant difference in the mean of money management behaviors. Second, for the credit card usage group, the significant variables affecting money management behaviors included sex, grade, experience of consumer education, father's occupation, monthly household income, future preparation, stingy attitude, methods of emotional change, planned expenditure, and negative recognition. On the other hand, for the non-usage group, grade, experience of consumer education, father's occupation, way of success, future preparation, stingy attitude, planned expenditure, and conditional permission were significant. These results imply that financial management education including values about money and consumption patterns should be conducted.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 2005

A metagenomic library was constructed using a fosmid vector, and total genomic DNA was extracted directly from soil at Cisolok (hot spring area, Indonesia). This library was composed of 10,214 clones and screened for lipolytic enzyme on tributyrin agar plates. An esterase gene (estMa) was subcloned and sequenced from a positive lipolytic active clone. Esterase EstMa was encoded by a 954-bp open reading frame and showed low ($11-33\%$) amino acid similarity to known esterases. The amino acid sequence analysis demonstrated that the enzyme is a new member of lipolytic enzyme family VI. The estMa gene encodes a preprotein of 317 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 34,799 Da. The purified enzyme exhibited optimal activity at $50^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.5. The $K_m,\;and\;V_{max}$ values of EstMa for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl valerate were $45.3\;{\mu}M$ and 4.45 U/mg, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1147-1153
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• 2013

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (formerly Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) is a plant pathogen that causes soft rot and stem rot diseases in several crops, including Chinese cabbage, potato, and tomato. To control this bacterium, we isolated a bacteriophage, PP1, with lytic activity against P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the PP1 phage belongs to the Podoviridae family of the order Caudovirales, which exhibit icosahedral heads and short non-contractile tails. PP1 phage showed high specificity for P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, and several bacteria belonging to different species and phyla were resistant to PP1. This phage showed rapid and strong lytic activity against its host bacteria in liquid medium and was stable over a broad range of pH values. Disease caused by P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum was significantly reduced by PP1 treatment. Overall, PP1 bacteriophage effectively controls P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2007

This study deals with classification of various approaches regarding consumer experience, core characteristics, and contribution of experiential marketing. This study classifies seven approaches regarding consumer experience into 4 broad views (1)experience as experiential brand concept, 2)experience as a behavior, 3)experience as a behavior focusing on an affect, 4)experience as a holistic experience. Each of these 4 views of experience as well as the seven approaches is further explained in details. Five core characteristics of experiential marketing are suggested: l)forming a deep relationship between a customer and a brand, 2)being related to personal final values, 3)holistic experience with a brand, 4)fun, pleasure, and immersion, and 5)keeping customers through customer satisfaction and giving impression to a customer. Five propositions based on these core characteristics are suggested. The contribution of experiential marketing is suggested.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.307-312
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• 2015

Mammography improves image quality that is on the increase day by day and get a picture with the pressure it is essential to reduce the dose. However, because due to the thickness of the cuff itself may increase the dose scattering lines is necessary study on the cuff material. Material that is currently being used in clinical Polycarbonate is a plastic and family. If you try to reduce the exposure of patients than itgie need to consider for the better material in this study to compare against a radiolucent line for amorphous plastic material of the plastic. results radiolucent and half layer, transmitting dose Pixel values HIPS, GPPS, ABS, Tritan, PC, PMMA showed high results in the net.