• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

Purpose: Local recurrence is a common failure pattern in adenocarcinoma of the cecum. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of adjuvant radiation therapy on oncologic outcomes of patients with adenocarcinoma of the cecum. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at three large tertiary university hospitals. We analyzed the characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival of 162 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cecum that were treated and followed up between 2000 and 2013. All the patients had undergone a right hemicolectomy and received chemotherapy with (n = 48) or without (n = 114) adjuvant radiation therapy. Results: The subjects were 65 females and 97 males with a median age of 56 years (range, 17 to 90 years) at diagnosis. The 5-year local control (LC), disease free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 72.7%, 57.2%, and 62.6% respectively. In a multivariate analysis, age, tumor stage, node stage, and adjuvant radiation therapy were determined to be independent prognostic factors. Age more than 55 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.32; p = 0.003), T4 stage (HR = 6.8; 95% CI, 3.07-15.36; p < 0.001), node positive disease (HR = 4.2; 95% CI, 1.94-9.13; p < 0.001), and the absence of adjuvant radiation therapy (HR = 3.0; 95% CI, 1.39-6.46; p = 0.005) had a negative influence on OS. Conclusion: Adjuvant radiation therapy significantly improves DFS and OS in patients with adenocarcinoma of the cecum.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.235-246
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• 1988

A total of 93 patients with rectal cancer treated with radiotherapy at department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center between January 1974 and December 1983 are retrospectively analysed. The patients are divided into three groups as follows: I. Postoperative radiotherapy, II. Postoperative recurrent, III. Unresectable or Inoperable group. In postoperative radiotherapy group, overall 5 year survival rate is $34.8\%$ and prognostic factors are presence of obstruction and degree of differentiation. In postoperative recurrent group, overall 2 year survival rate is $7.4\%$ with median survival of 13 months and prognostic factors are RT responsiveness and sex, and the local failure rate is $22.7\%$. In unresectable or inoperable group, overall 2 year survival rate is $19.8\%$ with median survival of 12.6 months and prognostic factors are RT responsiveness and RT dose. The complications for RT are not significant and are acceptable in all patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.337-346
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• 1993

This is a retrospective cohort analysis of 58 patients who treated with postoperative radiation therapy following radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic adenectomy for early stage carcinoma of uterine cervix between January 1988 and December 1990 at department of radiation oncology, Keimyoung University Hospital. Sixteen percent of patients (9/58) had chemotherapy. Most patients were FIGO I b (47 patients), and FIGO I a and II a were one and ten patients, respectively. The median follow-up periods were 48.5 months. The indications for radiation therapy included pelvic lymph node metastasis, large tumor size, deep stromal invasion, lymphovascular invasion, positive surgical margin, endometrial invasion and parametrial invasion. Eighty five percent of the patients had more than one risk factor. The actuarial overall five year survival rate (5 YSR) and five year disease free survival rate (5 YDFSR) were $89.5\%,\;and\;87.8\%,$ respectively. Their overall recurrence rate was $12.1\%,$(758). Distant metastasis was the most common cause of treatment failure $(71.4\%:5/7).$ The univariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting to five year survival rate disclosed pelvic lymph node status (negative: $95.5\%,\;positive:69.2\%,$ p=0.006) and hemoglobin level $(\le11 :75\%,>11g/dl:93.3\%,p=0.05)$ as significant factor. The age status was marginally significant $(\le40:96.0\%,\;>\;40:84.3\%p=0.15).$ Multivariate analysis clarified three independent prognostic factors: pelvic lymph node metastasis (p=p.006), hemoglobin level (p=0.015) and age (p=0.035). Multivariate analysis of prognostic factor affecting to five year disease free survival rate disclosed pelvic lymph node status (p=0.0078) and status of surgical margin (p=0.008). Complications relating to radiotherapy were $10.3\%,(6/58).$ There were no severe major complication requiring surgical intervention or a long hospital stay. It is our opinion that the benefit of postoperative pelvic radiotherapy may be gained in such a high risk patient population with acceptible morbidity.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to analyze canine pyometra cases at Veterinary Medical Center of Chungbuk National University, and to identify prognostic factors of canine pyometra at the stage of diagnosis. Records of cases about intact female dogs presented to Veterinary Medical Center from 2005 to 2019 were used for analysis. A total of 147 intact female dogs with canine pyometra were analyzed from outpatients' caseload. Median outbreak age was 9.6 years (range, 8 months to 17 years). The highest prevalence of pyometra over 14 years was observed in Maltese (22.4%, n = 33). Urologic disorders (21.8%, n = 32) including acute renal failure and cystic calculi were the most frequently observed concurrent disorders in dogs with pyometra. In other cases of pyometra, tumor (15.0%, n = 29), cardiovascular disorders (15.0%, n = 22) and systemic disorders (10.9%, n = 16) were accompanied with pyometra. The concentrations of BUN, creatinine and glucose were higher than reference range in cases of poor prognosis. According to the binominal logistic regression analysis, prognosis in pyometra was related to abdominal distension (p = 0.036), urologic disorder (p = 0.016), gastrointestinal disorder (p = 0.001), and serum level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p = 0.045). This study describes that prognosis of canine pyometra can be predicted at the stage of diagnosis by abdominal distension, urologic disorder, gastrointestinal disorder, and serum level of BUN.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1316-1321
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• 2000

Objectives : The authors analyzed the surgical series of Cushing's disease to evaluate the proper treatment policy and to verify the possible prognostic factors. Material and Methods : Of 50 patients diagnosed as Cushing's disease and operated at Department of Neurosurgery of our institute between 1988 and 1999, 48 patients with available medical records were analyzed retrospectively. Mean follow-up period was 48 months(3 to 109 months). Preoperative diagnosis was made after evaluating the patients with multiple-stage endocrinological studies and 31 selective patients were evaluated with inferior petrosal sinus sampling(IPSS). Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and/or high resolution computerized tomography(CT) was done in all patients. A total of 51 transsphenoidal adenomectomy(TSA) were performed including 3 revision for initial surgical failure cases. Remission was decided on the basis of both endocrinological criteria and clinical status. Radiation and/or ketoconazole therapy were applied to failed cases. For the verification of prognostic factors, the authors evaluated the statistical significance of multiple variables over remission rate by chi-square test. Result : Sensitivity of IPSS for central localization was 93.5% which was better than that of MRI(87.5%). But for lateralization, it was 72.4% for IPSS versus MRI 90.5%. Success rate of TSA was 82%(42/51) and recurrence rate was 9%(4/48). When including adjuvant treatments for surgically failed cases, overall success rate was 89.6% and all of 3 reoperated cases(TSA) due to recurrence were successful. Significant complication occurred in 7.8%(4/51) after TSA including hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, and visual loss. Non-existence of tumor in MRI and prolonged symptom duration(>3 years) were significant prognostic factors. Conclusion : TSA can be considered as initial treatment for Cushing's disease. In surgically failed cases, multiple treatment modality may improve the overall outcome and repeated TSA for recurrent cases seem to provide similar success.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1996

목적 : 초기 자궁경부암은 수술과 방사선치료 모두 가능하며 결과도 비슷하다고 알려져있다. 이에 근치적 방사선치료를 받은 초기 자궁경부암 환자의 생존율, 실패율, 부작용등을 다른 결과와 비교하기 위하여 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 근치적 방사선치료를 시행한 자궁경부암 IB 48명과 IIA 32명을 대상으로 하였다. 1985년 11월 부터 1993년 5월 까지 등록된 환자들로 최소 추적기간은 2년이었다. 외부전골반 방사선치료를 40-50Gy 시행후 3가지 다른 1회 조사량으로 고선량 강내치료를 시행후, 추적조사하여 생존율, 실패양상과 합병증등을 분석하였다. 결과 : 5년 생존율과 5년 무병 생존율은 각각 $72.3\%,\; 72.8\%$였으며 예후인자는 병기 병소의 크기, 병리조직 (선암), 방사선치료의 반응이었다. 19명의 치료실패가 있었으며 대부분 24개월이내에 발생하였다. Grade 2이상의 만성합병증은 방광이 $8.8\%$, 직장이 $15\%$, 모두 $17.5\%$ 였으며 발생율과 심한 정도는 강내치료 1회 조사량과 총 선량에 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 결론 : 초기 자궁암의 방사선치료는 수술의 결과와 비슷하였으며 예후가 나쁜환자는 결과가 안좋아서 더 적극적인 치료방법이 필요하며 만성 합병증을 줄이기 위해서는 적절한 질 packing 등으로 주위조직의 방사선 피폭량을 줄이고 고선량 강내치료시 적절한 1회 조사량의 선택이 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

목 적: WHO 등급 3/4의 신경아교종 환자에서 수술 후 방사선 치료의 결과와 예후인자를 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1988년부터 2007년까지 수술 후 고악성도 신경아교종으로 확진된 환자들 중 방사선 치료를 시행한 99명을 대상으로 하였다. 나이는 18~77세(중앙값, 51세), 남, 여가 각각 55, 44명이었다. 수술은 완전절제, 아전절제(50% 이상 절제), 부분절제(50% 미만 절제), 조직검사만 시행한 예가 각각 16, 38, 22, 23명이었고, WHO 등급 3, 4, 기타(unspecified high grade glioma)가 각각 32, 63, 4명이었다. 방사선 치료는 1.8 또는 2 Gy 통상 분할치료 혹은 1.2 또는 1.5 Gy 하루 2회 치료 방법으로 하였고 중앙 생물학적 등가선량은 $72.2\;Gy_{10}$ ($18.6{\sim}83.3\;Gy_{10}$)였다. 동시항암화학방사선치료나 연속화학방사선요법을 적용한 환자가 49명이었다. 환자들의 생존율 및 실패양상, 예후인자, 부작용에 대해 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과: 대상 환자의 중앙 추적 관찰기간은 11개월이었다. 국소치료 실패한 환자가 54명(54.5%)이었고, 이중 12명(22.2%)은 방사선치료부위 밖의 병변 진행을 동반하였다. 전체 생존율은 1년 56.6%, 2년 29.3%였고, 중앙생존기간은 13개월이었다. 무진행생존율은 1년, 2년이 각각 31.3%, 18.2%였으며, 중앙생존기간은 7개월이었다. 전체생존율에 영향을 미치는 인자로는 나이(p=0.0001), 수술 절제 정도(완전절제를 기준으로, 아전절제 p=0.023, 부분절제 p=0.009, 조직생검 p=0.002), 수술 후 영상검사에서 조영증가 여부(p=0.049)였다. 무진행생존율에 영향을 미치는 인자는 나이(p=0.036)와 수술 후 영상검사에서 조영증가 여부(p=0.006)였다. 방사선치료중과 후에 3등급 이상의 부작용이 각각 3명과 1명에서 발생하였다. 결 론: 나이, 수술절제 정도, 수술 후 영상검사에서 조영증가 여부가 생존율에 유의한 요인으로 분석되었다. 국소치료실패가 대부분을 차지하여, 국소 제어율 향상을 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2014

Background and Objectives : To investigate the prognostic factors and effectiveness of radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer. Material and Methods : Forty seven patients in oropharyngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy between November 1989 and October 2010. Conventional radiotherapy was performed until July 2007 and conformal radiotherapy was performed since August 2007. Median age of patients was 59. Thirty five patients were males. Nine patients had operation. Patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy were delivered median 60 Gy and patients treated with definitive radiotherapy were delivered median 66 Gy. Median follow-up periods were 51 months. Results : Two year and 5 year overall survival rate was 78.7% and 59.9%. Two year and 5-year locoregional recurrence free survival rate was 82.3% and 72.9%. In subgroup of definitive radiotherapy, at univariate analysis for overall survival, lower N stage(p=0.01), lower stage(p=0.05) and well and moderate differentiation(p=0.001) were statistically significant. At univariate analysis for locoregional recurrence free survival, lower T stage(p=0.02) and better differentiation(p=0.043) were statistically significant. Treatment failure occurred in 12 patients. Locoregional recurrence(8 patients) was main pattern of failure. Conclusion : When definitive radiotherapy compared with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy, there was no significant difference. Further studies would be needed to compare definitive radiotherapy with postoperative radiotherapy. N stage, stage and differentiation could be the prognostic factors for overall survival and T stage and differentiation could be the prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence free survival in patients treated definitive radiotherapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 1995

Purpose : To evaluate the effects of postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy on the pattern of failure and survival for locally advanced rectal carcinoma, we analyzed the two groups of patients who received curative resection only and who received postoperative radiochemotherapy retro-spectively. Materials and Methods : From June 1989 to December 1992, ninety nine patients with rectal cancer were treated by curative resection and staged as B2-3 or C. Group I(25) patients received curative resection only and group II(74) patients postoperative adjuvant therapy. Postoperative adiuvant group received radiation therapy (4500cGy/25fx to whole pelvis) with 5-FU (500mg/$m^2$, day 1-3 IV infusion) as radiosensitizer and maintenance chemotherapy with 5-FU(400mg/$m^2$ for 5 days) and leucovorin (20mg/m^2$ for 5 days) for 6 cycles. Results : The patients in group I and group II were comparable in terms of age sex, performance status, but in group II $74{\%}$ of patients showed stage C compared with $56{\%}$ of group I. All patients were followed from 6 to 60 months with a median follow up of 29 months. Three year overall survival rates and disease free survival rates were $68\%,\;64\%$ respectively in group I and $64\%,\;61\%$, respectively in group II. There was no statistical difference between the two treatment groups in overall survival rate and disease free survival rate. Local recurrences occurred in $28{\%}$ of group I, $21{\%}$ of group II (p>.05) and distant metastases occurred in $20{\%}$ of group I, $27{\%}$ of group II(p>.05). The prognostic value of several variables other than treatment modality was assessed. In multivariate analysis for prognostic factors stage and histologic grade showed statistically significant effect on local recurrences and lymphatic or vessel invasion on distant metastasis. Conclusion : This retrospective study showed no statistical difference between two groups on the pattern of failure and survival. But considering that group II had more advanced stage and poor prognostic factors than group I, postoperative adjuvant radiochemotherapy improves the results for locally advanced rectal carcinoma as compared with curative surgery alone.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was to investigate clinical feature of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in the major salivary gland. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken for 23 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the major salivary gland, who completed postoperative radiotherapy at the Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Hospital between May 1981 and December 1999. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Median age was 50. Follow up periods were 12-180 months with the median follow-up time of 59 months. Results: Parotid gland, submandibular gland and sublingual gland were 17, 5 and 1 respectively. Overall failure rate was 26%. Local failure was observed in two patients with parotid gland origin. Five cases showed distant failure. Overall and disease free survival rate were 68% and 72% respectively. Conclusion: Major pattern of failure was distant failure. Resection margin status had not prognostic significance. Postoperative radiation treatment is an effective to control in the adenoid cystic carcinoma of the major salivary gland.