• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1098-1112
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• 2018

Achievable sum rate and energy efficiency (EE) are investigated for the massive multiple-input multiple-output (Massive MIMO) downlink with channel aging in the time varying Ricean fading channel. Specifically, the expression of the achievable sum rate of the system for the maximum ratio transmission (MRT) precoder with aged channel state information (CSI) in the time varying Ricean fading channel is first presented. Based on the expression, the effect of both channel aging and the Ricean factor on the power scaling law are studied. It is found that the transmit power of base station (BS) is scaled down by $1/{\sqrt{M}}$(where M is the number of the BS antennas) when the Ricean factor K is equal to zero (i.e., time varying Rayleigh fading channel), indicating that aged CSI does not affect the power scaling law. However, the transmit power of the BS is scaled down by 1/M for the time varying Ricean fading channel (where $K{\neq}0$) indicating that the Ricean factor affects the power scaling law and sum rate, and channel aging only leads to a reduction of the sum rate. Second, the EE of the system is analyzed based on the general power consumption model. Both the theoretical analysis and the simulations show that the channel aging could degrade the sum rate and the EE of the system, and it does not affect the power scaling law.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권6C호
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• pp.523-529
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 페이딩 채널의 시간 상관성을 이용한 Lattice Reduction(LR)기반 MIMO 수신기의 계산량을 효과적으로 감소시키는 새로운 기법을 제안한다. 시변 페이딩 채널 환경에서는 채널의 시간 상관 특성으로 인하여 LR을 통해 얻어진 P 행렬이 시간에 따라 크게 바뀌지 않는다. 이러한 특성을 이용하여 제안된 기법에서는 채널이 바뀔 때 마다 LR을 수행하는 것이 아니라 수신단에서 K개의 채널 프레임을 저장하여 K번째 채널, 즉 nK번째 (n=1,2,3..) 채널에서만 LR을 수행하여 P 행렬을 구한 후 (n-1)K번째 P 행렬과 비교한다. 두 개의 P 행렬이 동일한 경우 K-1개의 채널 프레임에서는 LR을 수행하지 않고 K번째 채널 프레임의 P 행렬을 그대로 사용하여 불필요한 계산량을 감소시켰다. 반대로 두 개의 P 행렬이 다른 경우 나머지 K-1개 채널 프레임의 P 행렬을 이전 채널 프레임에서 구한 P 행렬을 초기조건으로 하여 LR을 수행함으로써 계산량을 감소시킨다. 제안된 기법은 기존 LR 기법과 같은 성능을 유지하면서 계산량을 확연히 감소시킨다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.492-502
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• 2021

In electronic warfare, source enumeration and direction-of-arrival estimation are important. The source enumeration method based on eigenvalues of covariance matrix from received is one of the most used methods. However, there are some drawbacks such as accuracy less than 100 % at high SNR, poor performance at low SNR and reduction of maximum number of estimating sources. We suggested new method based on eigenvalues gaps, which is named AREG(Accumulated Ratio of Eigenvalues Gaps). Meanwhile, FGML(Fast Gridless Maximum Likelihood) which reconstructs the covariance matrix was suggested by Wu et al., and it improves performance of the existing source enumeration methods without modification of algorithms. In this paper, first, we combine AREG with FGML to improve the performance. Second, we compare the performance of source enumeration and direction-of-arrival estimation methods in Rayleigh fading. Third, we suggest new method named REG(Ratio of Eigenvalues Gaps) to reduce performance degradation in Rayleigh Fading environment of AREG.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.351-362
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• 2002

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to the minimum energy routing (MER) for next generation (NG) multihop wireless networks. We remove the widely used assumption of deterministic, distance-based channel model is removed, and analyze the potentials of MER within the context of the realistic channel model, accounting for shadowing and fading. Rather than adopting the conventional unrealistic assumption of perfect power control in a distributed multihop environment, we propose to exploit inherent spatial diversity of mobile terminals (MT) in NG multihop networks and to combat fading using transmit diversity. We propose the cooperation among MTs, whereby couples of MTs cooperate with each other in order to transmit the signal using two MTs as two transmit antennas. We provide the analytical framework for the performance analysis of this scheme in terms of the feasibility and achievable transmit power reduction. Our simulation result indicate that significant gains can be achieved in terms of the reduction of total transmit power and extension of network lifetime. These gains are in the range of 20-100% for the total transmit power, and 25-90% for the network lifetime, depending on the desired error probability. We show that our analytical results provide excellent match with our simulation results. The messaging load generated by our scheme is moderate, and can be further optimized. Our approach opens the way to a new family of channel-aware routing schemes for multihopNG wireless networks in fading channels. It is particularly suitable for delivering multicast/ geocast services in these networks.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.265-277
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 실내에서의 다중경로파에 의한 페이딩 경감 효과 및 고속전송의 가능성을 조사하기 위해 LOS(Line-of-Sight)영역에서 주파수소인법에 의한 광대역 신호를 측정 해석하였다. 측정에는 수직편파, 수평편파 및 원형편파의 무지향성 안테나를 사용하여 각각의 페이딩 정감효과와 광대역 신호에 대한 대역내 진폭편차특성을 비교 검토하였다. 그 결과 가시거리환경에서 원영편파틀 사용하면 기수회 반사에 의한 다중경로파를 억제 수신할 수가 있어서, 주파수 대역내의 광대역의 진폭 변동특성을 크게 개선할 수 있음올 알게 되었디. 또한 다이버 시티 방식은 송신측에 원형편파를, 수신측에는 수식 및 수평편파 안테나를 설치하여 편파다이버시티 수선을 행하는 것이 가장 효과적인 방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.184-193
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• 2024

This paper presents the performance evaluation of an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay-assisted multiuser multiple input-multiple output (MU-MIMO) downlink transmission system for correlated fading channels. The overall system performance was improved by incorporating a double-quadrature spatial modulation (DQSM) scheme. The bit error rate (BER) performance and detection complexity of the AF-MU-MIMO-DQSM system were analyzed and compared with those of a conventional AF-MU-MIMO system under the same conditions and parameters. The results showed that the correlated fading channel severely affected the performance of systems with higher spectral efficiency (SE). Considering an SE of 12 bpcu/user, the AF-MU-MIMO-DQSM system yielded a gain of up to 3 dB in BER performance compared with that of its conventional counterpart for the analyzed cases. In terms of detection complexity, the AF-MU-MIMO-DQSM system showed a reduction of up to 56 % compared with that of the conventional system for the optimal maximum likelihood detection criterion.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.110-113
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• 2012

We propose a very-low-complexity lattice-reduction (LR) algorithm for multi-input multi-output detection in time-varying channels. The proposed scheme reduces the complexity by performing LR in a block-wise manner. The proposed scheme takes advantage of the temporal correlation of the channel matrices in a block and its impact on the lattice transformation matrices during the LR process. From this, the proposed scheme can skip a number of redundant LR processes for consecutive channel matrices and performs a single LR in a block. As the Doppler frequency decreases, the complexity reduction efficiency becomes more significant.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권4A호
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• pp.467-472
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• 2008

One of the maindisadvantages of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem. To reduce PAPR and improve the error performance of the OFDM signal over a fading channel, an OFDM system combining an Adaptive Symbol Selection Scheme (ASSS) and channel estimation can be used. Because of the side information of ASSS, however, the data rate decreases in the conventional ASSS OFDM system. In this letter, to overcome this impairment, we propose a technique to transmit side information by using pilot tones, and demonstrate that the proposed technique can give reasonable bit error rate (BER) performance.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 I
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• pp.609-612
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• 2003

For combating multipath fading in wireless radio environment, diversity schemes is useful. In this paper, for performance improvement of polarization diversity system, we analyzed a two-branch polarization diversity at the receiving end of a mobile link when the transmitter emits a circularly polarized wave. And In order to calculate the correlation coefficient considering the XPD(cross polarization discrimination) between the received signals for the two diversity branches, a simple theoretical model of circular polarization diversity is adopted and calculate correlation coefficient. From the analysis results, it is seen that the correlation coefficient of circular polarization diversity evaluated by the XPD is less than that of vertical polarization diversity. And also, we designed and fabricated circular polarization diversity system with microstrip antenna. we analyzed data measured in indoor NLOS environment using fabricated circular polarization diversity system. From the measurement results, it is clearly seen that the diversity effect of circular polarization diversity system is higher 3dB than vertical polarization diversity system.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.340-343
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• 2007

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 방식은 주파수 선택적 페이딩 (frequency selective fading)과 협대역 간섭 (narrowband interference)에 강한 전송 방식으로 고속 데이터 통신에 적합하다. 하지만, OFDM 신호는 독립적으로 변조된 많은 부반송파들로 구성되므로 이들이 동위상으로 더해질 때 신호의 진폭이 증가하여 PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 OFDM의 PAPR 감소는 물론 고주파 성분 제어를 통하여 대역 외 스펙트럼 방출을 줄이고 clipping에 의한 왜곡을 감소시킬 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 과정을 통해 OFDM 시스템에 제안하는 알고리즘을 적용했을 경우, PAPR의 감소 정도와 PSD (Power Spectral Density), BER (Bit Error Rate)을 분석한다.