• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2001

Background : Bell's palsy(BP) is defined as an idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis of sudden onset and account more than 50% of facial paralysis. It's etiology is unclear, but herpes simplex virus type-1(HSV-1) has been the most suspicious causative agent of BP that ever been studied. We evaluated the effect of add-on acyclovir in acute stage of BP. Methods : Subject consisted of 35 patients who developed acute idiopathic unilateral facial nerve palsy(16 men and 19 women with age 9-78 years old). The treatments were started within 10 days after onset of BP. Facial nerve function was assessed by the House-Brackman facial nerve grading scale and facial nerve conduction study including blink reflex. Follow-up evaluation were made 2 month after onset. Twenty of 35 patients were treated with combined therapy of acyclovir and prednisone. As a control group, 15 patients were treated with prednisone only. We compared the improvement of neurologic defects at recovery phase. Results : Compared with two groups, difference in grading scale at recovery phase is statistically significant(p<0.01). So, acyclovir-prednisone group showed a significant improvement in grading scale at recovery phase compared with prednisone group. Conclusion : We identified the benefits of add-on acyclovir in the acute stage of BP.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2022

Peripheral facial nerve palsy is a neurological condition/disease characterized by unilateral paralysis of the facial muscles. We report the effects of complex Korean medicine treatment in 2 patients diagnosed with Bell's palsy who developed symptoms 3-4 days following vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and who received oral steroids and antiviral medications. Complex Korean medicine treatments including acupuncture, electroacupuncture, bee venom acupuncture, cupping therapy, herbal medicine, and physical therapy were performed. Symptom improvement was evaluated daily using the Numerical Rating Scale, House-Brackmann Grade, and Yanagihara's Score. Patient 1 was hospitalized for 22 days and Patient 2 visited the outpatient clinic 20 times. In both cases, postauricular pain caused by Bell's palsy disappeared, and symptoms of facial paralysis improved following completion of treatment. These findings could suggest that combined Korean medicine treatment may improve symptoms of peripheral facial nerve palsy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.428-437
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• 1994

Optic nerve injury serious enough to result in blindness had been reported to occur in 3% of facial fractures. When blindness is immediate and complete, the prognosis for even partial recovery is poor. Progressive or incomplete visual loss may be ameliorated either by large dosage of steroid or by emergency optic nerve decompression, depending on the mechanism of injury, the degree of trauma to the optic canal, and the period of time that elapses between injury and medical intervention. We often miss initial assessment of visual function in management of facial fracture patients due to loss of consciousness, periorbital swelling and emergency situations. Delayed treatment of injuried optic nerve cause permanent blindness due to irreversible change of optic nerve. But by treating posttraumatic optic nerve injuries aggressively, usable vision can preserved in a number of patients. The following report concerns three who suffered visual loss due to optic nerve injury with no improvement after steroid therapy and/or optic nerve decompression surgery.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2013

Background: When using the anterior approach for performing superficial parotidectomy, the first thing to do is to find the buccal branch of the facial nerve and the parotid duct. The buccal branch usually runs transversely with the parotid duct from the anterior border of the parotid gland. We wanted to check the relationship between the two structures during the operation and to get clinically helpful information. Methods: Twelve patients with parotid mass were treated with superficial parotidectomy between May 2012 and August 2012. The outline of superficial and deep lobes of the parotid gland, parotid duct, and the buccal branch of the facial nerve were drawn on the transparent film by tracing the structures intraoperatively. Results: In 7 (58.3%) of 12 cases, the buccal branch of the facial nerve was located more caudally than the parotid duct at the anterior border of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland. In 3 cases (25%), the buccal branch was located more cephalically than the parotid duct. The mean distance between two structures were $2.54{\pm}1.48$ mm. In 11 cases, the parotid duct was located deeper than the buccal branch. Conclusion: The buccal branch of the facial nerve tends to be located more caudally than parotid duct and runs more superficially than parotid duct in all cases. We identified the relationship between the parotid duct and the buccal branch of the facial nerve during the operations on living subjects, not from the cadavers, so it would be a clinically helpful study which supplied more accurate anatomical information.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.117-133
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• 1998

The purpose of this morphological study was to investigate the relationship to facial nerve and LI4 related to the large intestine meridian. The common locations of the spinal cord and brain projecting to the LI4 and facial nerve were observed fallowing injection of transsynaptic neurotropic virus, pseudorabis virus(PRV), into the LI4 and facial nerve of the rat. After survival times of 96 hours following injection of PRV, the rats were perfused, and their spinal cord and brain were frozen sectioned(30${\mu}m$). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining method, and observed with light microscope The results were as follows: 1. The PRV labeled spinal cord segments projecting to the LI4 and facial nerve were founded in cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral segments. Dense labeled areas of each spinal cord segment were founded in lamina IV, V, X, lateral spinal nucleus, intermediolateral nucleus and dorsal nucleus. 2. The PRV labeled medulla oblongata projecting to the LI4 and facial nerve were founded in the A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus, rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus, medullary reticular nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, raphe obscurus nucleus, raphe pallidus nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, gigantocellular nucleus, lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, and spinal trigeminal nucleus.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the relation between the matrix metalloprotease-1 gene polymorphism and facial nerve palsy in Korean population. Methods : This study was carried out on 102 facial nerve palsy patients who were treated with oriental medicine therapy at the department of acupuncture & moxibustion, hospital of Oriental medical college, Daegu Hanny University and 104 healthy control subjects. Blood samples from all subjects were obtained for DNA extraction. We have investigated the genotyping of matrix metalloprotease-1 by using Pyrosequencing. Results : The genotypes of matrix metalloprotease-l gene were G/G homozygotes, A/G heterozygotes and A/A homozygotes. There was no significant difference between the control and facial nerve palsy groups. Conclusion: We concluded that there was no significant association between matrix metalloprotease-1 gene polymorphism and facial nerve palsy in Korean population. However, the findings of this study need to be confirmed in more patients and further studies.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1078-1084
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Taping Therapy with oriental medical treatment ing facial nerve palsy. This clinical study was carried out 12 cases of facial nerve palsy patients which had been admitted in Dong-Shin university Sun-Cheon oriental hospital from November, 2004 to July, 2006. In this study the patients were treated by Taping Therapy. Other treatments were acupuncture, herbal medication, rehabilitative therapy, H-B scale(House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system) was measured from admission to discharge. In the results, the symptoms were improved gradually. The average of H-B scale was increased from 2.5 to 6.71. The treatment period is more shortened compared to the existing period(12weeks). In the study, the treatment of facial nerve palsy using oriental medical treatment with Taping Therapy was more effective, especially H-B scale and treatment period, compared to existing.

• Archives of Hand and Microsurgery
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.306-312
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• 2018

안면 신경의 측두지는 그 해부학적 위치로 인하여 외상성 손상에 취약하며, 이로 인해 환자는 종종 상당한 미용적, 기능적 손실을 경험한다. 나아가 결손이 있는 만성 손상은 신경 이식 등의 추가적인 시술이 필요한 경우가 많기에 급성 손상에 비하여 그 치료가 까다롭다. 본 연구에서는 안면 신경의 측두지 손상 발생으로부터 1개월 후에 지연된 신경 이식을 한 남성 환자의 증례를 다루었다. 우리는 성공적으로 비복 신경을 분할 이식하였으며 환자는 양호한 미용적, 기능적 회복을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.677-680
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• 2000

Orbital injuries are common with facial trauma. Direct injuries to the globe are not rare but it can result in complications such as chemosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage and hyphema. Periorbital trauma or injuries to the extraocular muscles and blow-out fracture may result in lid edema, ecchymosis & ptosis and diplopia or limitation of ocular motion respectively. Indirect injuries to the optic nerve come up without any injuries but its complication is irreversible and severe such as loss of vision. The aim of this study is to review the literature on blindness or ptosis following facial trauma and present the cases of blindness after facial trauma and ptosis after mandibular fracture without specific clinical findings.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2001

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the role of postoperative three dimensional short-range magnetic resonance angiography(3D-TOF MRA) in predicting the clinical outcomes following microvascular decompression(MVD) for the treatment of a hemifacial spasm(HFS). Material and Method : Postoperative magnetic resonance(MR) imaging was performed on 123 patients with a HFS between March 1999 and May 2000. All patients who had postoperative MR imaging were undertaken preoperative MR imaging. Of the 123 patients, 122 patients were included in this retrospective study. The degree of the detachment of vascular contact, and change of the position of offender were determined by pre- and postoperative 3D-TOF MRA. These findings were compared with the surgical findings and clinical outcomes. Results : Of 122 patients who had successful MVD, clear decompression of offenders of the root entry zone(REZ) of facial nerve was found in 106 patients(86.9%), partial decompression in 10 patients(8.2%) and contact of offenders to the REZ of facial nerve in 6 patients(4.9%) by the postoperative 3D-TOF MRA. Our patients demonstrated that the types of offender did not influence with the degree of decompression of REZ of facial nerve and with surgical outcomes(p>0.05). Also, there was no significant relationship between the degree of decompression of the REZ of facial nerve from offenders and an improvement of symptoms(p>0.05). Futhermore, there was no significant relationship between the degree of decompression of the REZ of facial nerve from offenders and an improvement time (p>0.05). Conclusion : Our data suggests that MVD of facial nerve alone may not be sufficient to resolve the symptoms in all patients with hemifacial spasm. Therefore, another unknown factors besides vascular compression may be involved to cause symptoms in certain patients and it may be necessary to remove these factors with MVD simultaneously to obtain the resolution of symptom.