• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.1439-1448
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• 2005

In this paper, after similarity of color information in above toro and geometry position analysis of important characteristic information in face and abstraction object that is inputted detects face area using comparison, describe about method to do user certification using ratio information and hair spring degree. Face abstraction algorithm that use color information has comparative advantages than face abstraction algorithm that use form information because have advantage that is not influenced facial degree or site etc. that tip. Because is based on color information, change of lighting or to keep correct performance because is sensitive about color such as background similar to complexion is difficult. Therefore, can be used more efficiently than method to use color information as that detect characteristic information of eye and lips etc. that is facial importance characteristic element except color information and similarity for each object achieves comparison. This paper proposes system that eye and mouth's similarity that calculate characteristic that is ratio red of each individual after divide face by each individual and is segmentalized giving weight in specification calculation recognize user confirming similarity through search. Could experiment method to propose and know that the awareness rate through analysis with the wave rises.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Purpose: Recently, a three dimensional approach to hard and soft tissues of the maxillofacial area has been widely used. This study was to evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of a stereocamera compared to actual measurement methods using a digital caliper and digitizer. Methods: The stereoscopies of 7 head dummies with different sizes and shapes were obtained using a Di3D system (Dimensional Imaging, Glasgow, UK) after marking reference points on facial areas. From the obtained stereoscopy, 10 measurements representing the width, height and depth of each of the facial sections of the dummy were measured twice using a three dimensional reverse engineering software program (RapidForm$^{TM}$ 2006, Inus, Seoul, Korea). The x, y, and z coordinates of each of the three dimensional measurements were obtained and distances between two points were calculated. All procedures were repeated twice. The actual measurement method was performed twice, directly on dummies, using a digital caliper and values were compared with the previously determined values. Results: The results were as follows. In the ANOVA analysis, there were no significant statistical differences among the three measurement methods. In the Bonferroni analysis, with adjustments applied for multiple comparisons, there was no difference between actual measurement methods using a digitizer and a digital caliper. However, there was some difference between using a stereocamera and actual measurement methods using a digitizer and a digital caliper in values of $Ex_{Rt}-Ex_{Lt}$, $En_{Rt}-En_{Lt}$, $Ala_{Rt}-Ala_{Lt}$, $Ch_{Rt}-Ch_{Lt}$, G-Pg', $Ala_{Rt}$-Prn, $Ala_{Rt}$-Prn. The mean value for technical error in measurement (TEM) in Di3D (0.98 mm) was slightly higher than for a digital caliper (0.17 mm) and a digitizer (0.30 mm). In an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) there were no significant differences among the three measurement methods, but the Di3D system with the stereocamera showed relatively lower reproducibility compared to actual measurement methods using a digitizer and a digital caliper. Conclusion: These results indicate that some complementary measures may be needed to improve accuracy and reproducibility in the Di3D system with stereocamera.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.349-355
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• 2017

Skin tone plays a key role in one of the determinant for facial attractiveness. Most female customers have an interest in choosing skin color and improving their skin tone and their needs have been contributed the expansion of cosmetic products in the market. Recently, cosmetic customers, who want bright skin, are also interested in healthy and lively-looking skin. However, there is no method to evaluate the skin tone with the complexion-describing adjectives (CDAs). Therefore, this study was conducted to find the ways to objectify and digitize the CDA. We obtained that quasi $L^*$ at dark skin is 65 and quasi $L^*$ at bright skin is 74 for standard images, which are selected from our data base. To match the following seven CDAs: pale, clear, radiant, lively, healthy, rosy and dull, the colors of both images were adjusted by 30 panels. The quasi $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ were converted from the RGB values of the manipulated images. The differences between the quasi $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of standard images and manipulated images reflecting each CDA were statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, there were no statistical significances between the $L^*$ values of dark and bright skin images that were modified in accordance with each CDA and there also were no statistical significances between the quasi $a^*$ values of dark and bright skin for pale and clear CDAs. From the statistical analysis, the CDAs were observed to form three groups: (i) pale-clear-radiant, (ii) lively-healthy-rosy and (iii) dull. We recognized that people have a similar opinion about perception of CDAs. Following our results of this study, we establish new standard method for sensibility evaluation which is difficult to carry out scientifically or objectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.729-733
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• 2004

Jaeum-Dan was reported new anti-aging effect formula previously. We investigated the physiological effects on human skin with Jaeum-Dan essence (JED). We made a skin application product as essence form contained oriental herbs, and measured various physiological effects such as skin moisture contents, red blood cell flow rates, skin surface temperature, corneocyte exfoliation and skin intensity when volunteers(female, n=40) used the application product for 4 weeks. The results were as follows: The skin moisture contents were not only increased in human face skin through using the product, but also red blood cell flow :rates in face skin were increased. After using the essence, the face skin temperature rose and corneocyte exfoliation was decreased. Furthermore the upper dermis intensity of skin in female face was subsequently increased 4 weeks later. The results indicate that the application product containing JED was improved the physiological effects of human facial skin..

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.52-68
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• 2013

Objectives: Hyungsang medicine (HM) is an inspection which emphasizes the relationships between pathological patterns and one's facial or bodily shape, color and movement. The purpose of this study was to review previously published study results of the HM. Methods: The authors reviewed a total of 51 HM-related studies published from 2000 to 2012 found on PubMed and various domestic Oriental medicine journals. Each study was classified into theoretical, diagnostic, or treatment-related category. Results: Theoretical studies were mostly based on the Nei-Ching and Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam texts, and dealt with differences in form between types such as masculine and feminine, the five organ image types, the four-type categorization of body essence, vital energy (Qi), mentality, and Blood, Gallbladder and Bladder, the four-type categorization of fish, bird, horse, and turtle types, and the six meridian types. Research on diagnosis has been performed on diagnostic characteristics of HM, correlation between HM and general coordinative manipulation (GCM), and Hyungsang medicine and ante-disease pattern (未病類型). Studies on treatments could largely be classified as treatments for specific diseases using certain acupuncture or herbal prescriptions based on HM. Treatments were mostly evaluated solely through subjective symptom improvement of patients. Conclusions: Our review results suggest that HM-related studies were focused on the constitutional characteristics and clinical utility of HM. To strengthen the theoretical basis of HM and its clinical utility, clinical trials including randomized, treatment-placebo and blind methods are needed.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Mastication is the process to help digestion by chewing or grinding food. Masticatory system consists of maxilla, mandible, temporomandibular joints, ligaments, dentitions, and musculatures. Assessing the bite force can be one of the methods to estimate the masticatory system. Bite force is influenced by facial morphology, age, sex, periodontal status, temporomandibular joint disorder and dental condition, and so forth. In general, higher maximum bite force is seen in those who have a square-shaped face and in male rather than female. In addition, bite force tends to be increased by age 20, maintained constantly until age 40 - 50, and then decreased. Periodontal disease is known as a causative factor for decreased bite force while temporomandibular disorder (TMD) remains controversial as to whether it affects the force. The status of teeth is considered as an important factor to determine the maximum bite force.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.68-73
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• 1990

Fibrous dysplasia is an idiopathic skeletal disorder in which medullary bone is replaced and disturbed by poorly organized, structually unsound fibroosseous tissue, which may produce cortical expansion. When facial bones are involed, considerable esthetic deformity may result. The term monostotic fibrous dysplasia has been applied when one bone is involved : when more than one bone is affected, the term polyostotic used. The polyostotic form may be accomplished by pigmented skin lesion (Jaffe type), or by pigmented skin lesions with endocrine disturbance (Albright syndrome). No general agreement exists on the cause of fibrous dysplasia. A few authors have suggested that fibrous dysplasia arises as a resujlt of trauma. It occurs predominantly in infant, adolescent females and runs a variable clinical course. When several bones are involed, it tends to be unilateral. Involements of alveolar bone may produce displacement of teeth with malocclusion, or loss of teeth, or both. Radiographycally, it shows an indistinctly delimited osteolytic defect with a bubble - like pattern, but without a sclerotic rim. The preferred treatment is almost always surgery. If the lesion is extensive, surgical intervention with use of recontouring procedures aimed at the correction of esthetic or funtional disturbances is preferred treatment. Now, we present a case of fibrous dysplasia on the left maxilla and the zygoma treated by bony contourign via hemicoronal flap and intraoral approach with good results.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

With today's social and cultural personal interactions, greater leisure time and participation in sports activities, and growing traffic volume, the risk of physical trauma has increased markedly. This is a clinical and retrospective study of patients exposed to oral and maxillofacial trauma. We clinically observed 72 patients with trauma in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyunghee University Dental Hospital, from June 2006 through November 2007. The following data was obtained: 1. The male:female ratio of patients having experienced physical trauma was 6.2:1, with most patients in their twenties. 2. Traffic accident (37.5%) was the most common cause of trauma. 3. The highest incidence of fracture occurred to the zygomatic arch(22.1%) among mid-facial fractures and angle(37.5%), symphysis(35.4%) in mandible fractures. 4. Open reduction (88.9%) was the most frequently used form of treatment. Closed reduction was performed on the remaining 11.1% of cases. 5. Teeth and alveolar bone damage occurred in 23.6% of all cases. 6. Other injuries that were related to mid-face fracture occurred in 27.8% of all cases. 7. Post-operative complications occurred in 31.9% of cases, and the highest complication was the nerve injury.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 1998

Compound comminuted mandibular fracture is defined as the presence of multiple fracture lines with open wound resulting in many small pieces within the same area. The incidence of mandibular comminution is difficult to determine but reported as 2.7~18.6 % incidence among mandibular fractures. There are controversies in the treatment of mandibular comminuted fractures. Treatment of comminuted mandibular fracture has traditionally involved closed reduction in an effort to avoid stripping periostcum from the bony segments, but rigid internal rigid fixation is used more popular at present. The extent of comminution, displacement of bony fragments and patient general conditions are important factors in decision of the treatment methods. When significant bone displacement is present, it is necessary to reduce these comminuted fragments to an anatomic, pretraumatic relationship to restore facial form and function. In these cases, ORIF allows anantomic reduction of comminuted segments as well as pretraumatic occlusion. Gentle handling of the soft tissue, rigid fixation of bony fragments and adequate immobilization are essential for reducing the complications. This is the report the incidence, causes, complications and treatment of the patients who visited our department for compound comminuted mandibular fractures.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2011

Tetanus is fatal neurological disease caused by Clostridium tetani on contaminated wound that is characterised by muscle spasm, muscle pain, and autonomic dysfuction. C. tetani exist on contaminated wound frequently that developed clinical tetanus under low oxygen condition. Tetanus have four symptomatic form: generalized, localized, cephalic, and neonatal. The incubation period is about 7 days and mortality is high. The commonest presenting symptom is trismus and other is stiffness of neck and back(opisthotonos), muscle spasm, dysphagia, facial pain, risus sardonicus. Trismus is primary presenting symptom in 50~75% of the cases and this have high possibility of initial visit to dental office. This case report of a patient who visit in our department with trismus as chief complaint.