• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.96-110
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• 1993

A procedure has been developed so that a die-face for stamping automobile outer panels can be design and modelled efficiently. The procedure is composed of four parts each of which corresponds to modeling major components of a die-face, i.e. tipped product, blankholder, draw beads, and step draw. The modeling techniques developed specifically for die-face design enable a designer to generate the shape of a die-face quickly with the minimum input, and the resulting models can be used in FEM analysis and NC tool path generation. This will lead to the reductions in lead time and manhours required for the design and manufacture of the stamping dies.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2018

For the purpose of the basic educated-establishment on the diagnostic methods of "facial color and shape which reflect human's spiritual essence and personality", we study on the diagnostic value and application of the human face. The study's domain is divided the form and color of human face. And the form and color of human face is respectively observed the diagnostic value and contents. The form of human face reflect plenty the information of the mankind, and the observation of the face is applied to the "Physiognomie" refering to the external features of humans. Therefore the diagnosis on the form of human face is the primary factor in the grouping of five-element human, the discrimination of the Sasang constitution, and the classification of Hyunsang type. The color of human face reflect the physical information of internal organs and the pathological change of disease, therefore we examine the region, character and grade of disease by the inspection of complexion including the changes of color and luster of the facial skin. The inspection on the color is also the primary factor in the grouping of five-element human, the classification of Hyunsang and the differentiation of syndromes. The value of the inspection of complexion including the changes of color and form of the face is widely known. In the future, we think, we need to study more about the theory of the diagnostic value and application of the human face.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.12-24
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• 2009

This paper aims to investigate if a total of 266 college students from Yanbian, China, and Korea's Jeonnam Province are satisfied with their face and body type, and to find out an image-development method, depending on body characteristics. For this, a questionnaire survey using the 5-point Likert Scale was conducted, and an SPSS program has been used for data analysis. Besides the descriptive analysis, crosstab analysis, t-verification, and frequency analysis have been conducted. As body shape, posture, costume, accessories and makeup play an important role in image formation, this paper intends to form positive ego through exact awareness of the body shape by providing base data to a set image-development strategy. Then, the result has turned out as follows: First, in terms of the body index (i.e., Rohrer index), both Korea's Jeonnam Province and China's Yanbian college students were included in a category of the mean value. In terms of satisfaction with their body shape, on the contrary, China's China's Yanbian college students were higher than Korea's Jeonnam Province college students. Second, male China's Yanbian college students were slightly higher than female China's Yanbian college students in terms of satisfaction with their facial shape. However, the male students showed no big interest in facial care. Third, in terms of facial shape, an egg-shaped face was the most preferred in both China's Yanbian and Korea's Jeonnam Province college students, followed by an inverted triangle-shaped face in China's Yanbian college students and a diamond-shaped face in Korea's Jeonnam Province college students, showing significant difference ($p{\le}.001$). Even though both college students live in Northeast Asia, their preference on facial shape turned out to greatly differ, which indicates their different social environments. This paper will be helpful in global marketing for college students who are the major consumers in the future as Korean-Chinese exchange increases.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.122-131
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• 2011

A widely used single image-based 3D face reconstruction method, 3D morphable shape model, reconstructs an accurate 3D facial shape when 2D facial feature points are correctly extracted from an input face image. However, in the case that a user's cooperation is not available such as a real-time 3D face reconstruction system, this method can be vulnerable to the errors of automatic facial feature point extraction. In order to solve this problem, we automatically classify extracted facial feature points into two groups, erroneous and correct ones, and then reconstruct a 3D facial shape by using only the correctly extracted facial feature points. The experimental results showed that the 3D reconstruction performance of the proposed method was remarkably improved compared to that of the previous method which does not consider the errors of automatic facial feature point extraction.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to study face images according to the difference of facial shape and make-up. A variety of face images can be formulated by computer graphic simulation, combining numerously different facial shapes and make-up styles. In order to check out the diverse images by make-up styles, we applied five forms of eye brows, two types of eye shadows, and three lip shapes to the round-shaped face of a model. The question sheet, used with a operational stimulant in the experiment, contained 28 articles, composed of a pair of bi-ended adjective in 7 point scale. Data were analyzed using Varimax perpendicular rotation method, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, and Three-way ANOVA. After comparing various results of make-up application to various face types, we could find that facial shape, eye-brows, eye-shadow, and lip shapes influence interactively on total facial images. As a result of make-up image perception analyses, a factor structure was divided into mildness, modernness, elegance, and sociableness. Speaking of make-up image in terms of those factors, round form make-up style showed the highest level of mildness. Upward and straight style of make-up had the highest of modernness. Elegance level went highest when eye shadow style was round form and lip style was straight. Lastly, an incurve lip make-up style showed the highest of sociableness.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.847-850
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• 2000

This paper proposes an image compressing and template matching algorithm for face image using GHA (Generalized Hebbian Algorithm). GHA is a part of PCA (Principal Component Analysis), that has single-layer perceptrons and operates and self-organizing performance. We used this algorithm for feature extraction of face shape, and our simulations verify the high performance for the proposed method. The shape for face in the fact that the eigenvector of face image can be efficiently represented as a coefficient that can be acquired by a set of basis is to compress data of image. From the simulation results, the mean PSNR performance is 24.08[dB] at 0.047bpp, and reconstruction experiment shows that good reconstruction capacity for an image that not joins at leaning.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.157-174
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• 2013

This study aims to develop a proper face design for traditional fashion doll so that the Korean traditional doll can achieve its stand in the modern collection with the new face design based on researching documents, analyzing the examples and delivering a customer survey. The majority of dolls in traditional costume has an innocent look with inverted triangle shape face. But the inverted triangle or oval shape as well as the refined look of well balanced facial features are preferred. An oval face, elongated eyes with no double eyelid or inner double eyelid, plump lips and round and high nose are considered beautiful in the traditional figure. Based on this result, a new design is configured with an inverted triangular face with slightly plump cheeks, eyes with reduced eye, pupil and double eyelid, round nose without tuning up and small and full lower lip.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

There are many ways to perform face recognition. The first step of face recognition is the face detection step. If the face is not found in the first step, the face recognition fails. Face detection research has many difficulties because it can be varied according to face size change, left and right rotation and up and down rotation, side face and front face, facial expression, and light condition. In this study, facial features are extracted and the extracted features are geometrically reconstructed in order to improve face recognition rate in extracted face region. Also, it is aimed to adjust face angle using reconstructed facial feature vector, and to improve recognition rate for each face angle. In the recognition attempt using the result after the geometric reconstruction, both the up and down and the left and right facial angles have improved recognition performance.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2006

1. Objectives The Face is an important standard for the classification of Sasang Contitutions. We are developing 3D Face Automatic Recognition Apparatus to analyse the facial characteristics. So We should examine a shape demobilization error of 3D Face Automatic Recognition Apparatus. 2. Methods We compared facial shape data be demobilized by 3D Face Automatic Recognition Apparatus with facial shape data that be demobilized by 3D laser scanner. The subject was two korean men. And We analysed the average error and the maximum error of two data. In this process, We used one datum point(the peak of nose) and two datum line(vertical section and horizontal section). 3. Results and Conclusions In each this comparison, the average error of vertical section was 1.962574mm and 2.703814mm. and the maximum error of vertical section was 16.968249mm and 18.61464mm. the average error of horizontal section was 4.173203mm and 21.487479mm. and the maximum error of horizontal section was 3.571210mm and 17.13255mm. Also We complemented this apparatus a little and We reexamined a shape demobilization error of 3D Face Automatic Recognition Apparatus again. Accuracy of a shape demobilization was improved a little. From now on We complement accuracy of a shape demobilization in 3D Face Recognition Apparatus.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.403-411
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• 2008

The alignment of facial images is crucial for 2D face recognition. This is the same to facial meshes for 3D face recognition. Most of the 3D face recognition methods refer to 3D alignment but do not describe their approaches in details. In this paper, we focus on describing an automatic 3D alignment in viewpoint of quantitative analysis. This paper presents a framework of 3D face alignment and normalization based on feature points obtained by Active Shape Models (ASMs). The positions of eyes and mouth can give possibility of aligning the 3D face exactly in three-dimension space. The rotational transform on each axis is defined with respect to the reference position. In aligning process, the rotational transform converts an input 3D faces with large pose variations to the reference frontal view. The part of face is flopped from the aligned face using the sphere region centered at the nose tip of 3D face. The cropped face is shifted and brought into the frame with specified size for normalizing. Subsequently, the interpolation is carried to the face for sampling at equal interval and filling holes. The color interpolation is also carried at the same interval. The outputs are normalized 2D and 3D face which can be used for face recognition. Finally, we carry two sets of experiments to measure aligning errors and evaluate the performance of suggested process.