• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.770-775
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• 2000

Several process parameters were studied to ascertain the effect on degradation of sugar cane bagasse in relation to the production of cellulase enzyme and reducing sugars by Solid Substrate Fermentation (SSF) and Submerged Culture Fermentation (SCF) of Aspergillus terreus SUK-1. The effect of air-flow rate (0-1.3 v/v/m), of different ratios of substrate weight to liquid volume (1:6, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:30 w/v, g/ml), scale-up effect (10, 20, and 100 times of 1:10 ration, w/v) and the effect of temperature (30, 40, 50, and $60^{\circ}C$) in SSF were studied. Air-flow rate of 1.0 v/v/m gave the highest enzyme activity (FPase 0.25 IU/ml, CMCase 1.24 IU/ml) and reducing sugars concentration (0.72 mg/ml). Experiment using 1:10 ratio (w/v) was found to support maximum cellulase activity (FPase 0.58 IU/ml, CMCase 1.97 IU/ml) and reducing sugar concentration (1.23 mg/ml). Scaling-up the ratio of 1:10(w/v) by a factor of 20 gave the highest cellulase activity (FPase 0.71 IU/ml, CMCase 2.25 IU/ml) and reducing sugar concentration (3.67 mg/ml). The optimum temperature for cellulase activity and reducing sugar production was $50^{\circ}C$(FPase 0.792 IU/ml, CMCase 2.25 IU/ml and 3.85 mg/ml for reducing sugar concentration). For SCF, the activity of cellulase enzyme and reducing sugar concentration was found to be lower than that obtained for SSF. The highest cellulase activity obtained in SCF was 50% lower than the highest cellulase activity in SSF, while for reducing sugar concentration, the highest concentration obtained in SCF was 90% lower than that obtained in SSF.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.490-495
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• 1995

Among the cellulases by Cellulomonas sp. KL-6. CMCase and filter paperase, which were produced as the out enzymes of cell, had been much produced, but very small amounts of ${\beta}-glucosidase $, the enzyme of which is cell bound form, was produced by this organism. The optimal culture times for CMCase and filter paperase productions were 5 days, while that of ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was 4 days. When this strain was cultured under the optimal medium for enzyme production, CMCase, FPase and ${\beta}-glucosidase$ were $82\;units/m{\ell},\;80\;units/m{\ell}\;and\;1.2\;units/m{\ell}$, respectively. Thus these results were showed to increase enzyme productivities as about $60{\sim}70%$ than those produced in basal medium. $CaCO_3$ injected to the medium as the ratio of 0.1% was not only enhanced cellulase activities but also effective as acid neutralizing agent. The production effects of lignase and lactase by this bacterium in filter paper medium was not appeared.

• Mycobiology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.166-169
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• 2002

Protein productivity by the cellulolytic fungi, Trichoderma viride(MTCC 800), Chaetomium globosum and Aspergillus terreus was compared in co-culture and mixed culture fermentations of cashewnut bran. Co-cultures were more effective in substrate saccharification, which ranged between $85{\sim}88%$ compared to the $62{\sim}67%$ saccharification shown by the monocultures. Maximum saccharification was induced by T. viride and C. globosum co-culture resulting in the highest 34% release of reducing sugars. The maximum 16.4% biomass protein and the highest protein productivity(0.58%) were shown by T. viride and A. terreus co-culture. A. terreus performed better in co-culture in the presence of T. viride rather than with C. globosum. Among the cellulolytic enzymes, FPase(Filter Paper Cellulase) activity was significantly higher in all the co-cultures and in the mixed culture than in their respective monocultures. Mixed culture fermentation involving all the three fungi was not effective in increasing the per cent saccharification or the biomass protein content over the co-cultures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2001

Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 produced high levels of ${\beta}$-glucosidase, endo-${\beta}$-glucosidase, endo-${\beta}$-1,4-glucanase, and exo-${\beta}$-1,4-glucanase. In pilot-scale production (50-1 fermentor), productivity and yield of CMCase (carborymethyl cellulose) and FPase (filter paper activity) were 273 U/ml and 35 U/ml, and 162 FPU/l.h and 437 FPU/g, respectively. The fed-batch techniques were used to improve enzyme activities with constant cell concentration. The acidity was an important parameter and controlled at pH 3.9 and 5.0 by automatic addition of ammonium hydroxide. Cellulase powder was prepared by ammonium sulfate precipitation and its CMCase and FPase activities were 3,631 U/g and 407 U/g, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2008

A local isolate of Aspergillus niger was cultivated under optimal growth conditions on wheat bran in solid state fermentation. Filter paperase from fermented bran was separately extracted with different solvents to test the recovery of the enzyme. Among solvents tested, distilled water served as the best leachate, thus the conditions were further optimized with distilled water. After two washes of fermented bran with distilled water for 1.5 h each under stationary conditions at 1 g wheat bran: 5 mL distilled water, the maximum recovery of 13.5 $Ug^{-1}$ of wheat bran was obtained.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1312-1321
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• 2011

Enzyme extracts of cellulase [filter paper cellulase (FPase) and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase)], chitinase, and chitosanase produced by Aspergillus niger NRRL-567 were evaluated. The interactive effects of initial moisture and different inducers for FP cellulase and CMCase production were optimized using response surface methodology. Higher enzyme activities [FPase $79.24{\pm}4.22$ IU/gram fermented substrate (gfs) and CMCase $124.04{\pm}7.78$ IU/gfs] were achieved after 48 h fermentation in solid-state medium containing apple pomace supplemented with rice husk [1% (w/w)] under optimized conditions [pH 4.5, moisture 55% (v/w), and inducers veratryl alcohol (2 mM/kg), copper sulfate (1.5 mM/kg), and lactose 2% (w/w)] (p<0.05). Koji fermentation in trays was carried out and higher enzyme activities (FPase $96.67{\pm}4.18$ IU/gfs and CMCase $146.50{\pm}11.92$ IU/gfs) were achieved. The nonspecific chitinase and chitosanase activities of cellulase enzyme extract were analyzed using chitin and chitosan substrates with different physicochemical characteristics, such as degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, and viscosity. Higher chitinase and chitosanase activities of $70.28{\pm}3.34$ IU/gfs and $60.18{\pm}3.82$ to $64.20{\pm}4.12$ IU/gfs, respectively, were achieved. Moreover, the enzyme was stable and retained 92-94% activity even after one month. Cellulase enzyme extract obtained from A. niger with chitinolytic and chitosanolytic activities could be potentially used for making low-molecular-weight chitin and chitosan oligomers, having promising applications in biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, food, and agricultural industries, and in biocontrol formulations.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 1986

Two fractions of ${\beta}-glucanase$(CMCase), two fractions of filter paper degradation enzyme (FPase) and one ${\beta}-glucanase$ fraction were partially purified from Fusarium moniliforme and applied to recovery process of red bean starch. Red bean were incubated with the fractions of CMCase and FPase at $50^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and the starch granules are separated. Maximal sedimentation rate of red bean starch granules was obtained with treatment of the mixture solution of 0.004 units/ml of FPase and 0.3 units/ml of CMCase. In the enzyme treated process percent recovery of red bean starch granule increased about 7% and suspended solid in waste water was reduced about 40%, compared with those of control. The results indicated that red bean cell treated with cellulase fractions absorbed water more rapidly and specific gravity of starch granule increased.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVII)
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• pp.232-237
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• 2005

The cellulloytic enzymes, such as FPase and amylase, production by Trichoderma inhamatum KSJ1 using 10L air circulation bioreactor were tried. Physical properties of the employed bioreactor, mixing time, $k_{L}$ a were examined in airflow conditions of enzyme production cultures. Mixing time of distilled water at 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 vvm were 25, 21, 9 sec, respectively, and mandel's medium using rice straw and pulp as carbon sources were 31, 25, 15 sec. Mixing time decreased when airflow rate increased. $k_L$ a of distilled water at 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 vvm were measured -22.52, -29.31, -39.62, respectively, and the mandel's medium were -47.8, -18.5, -21.4. The $k_L$ a values was increased linearly as the air-flow rates increased. However the values in mandel's medium showed different results, especially at 0.6 vvm. Amylase and FPase activity at the 1.2 vvm was 3.39U/mL, 0.72U/mL in 5 days cultivation. and the activities at 0.6 vvm were 2.01U/mL, 0.39U/mL, respectively. The enzyme productivity at 1.2 vvm was higher than at 0.6 vvm, indicating that high oxygen tension is requested for the efficient enzyme production culture of T. inhamatum KSJ1.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2005

This study was focused on the optimum culture condition in CMCase, FPase and xylanase activities of two fungal strains that secret extracellular enzymes for using enzymatic deinking agent to old newsprint. The results of this study were as follows. When Fusarium pallidoroseum was grown on the medium, containing of rice bran+xylan $2.0\%,\;peptone\;0.6\%,\;KH_2PO_4\;0.075\%\;and\;MnSO_4\;0.06\%\;with\;pH\;9.0,\;at\;29^{\circ}C$ for 6 days, the quantitative degree of extracellular enzyme production was the highest. Optimum culture condition for Aspergillus niger was pH 5.0, $27^{\circ}C$ incubating temperature and 7 days incubation period on liquid medium, containing of CMC+xylan $2.5\%,\;yeast\;extract\;0.4\%,\;K_3PO_4\;0.05\%\;and\;CaCl_2+FeSO_4\;0.08\%$. Aspergillus niger was fairly higher FPase and xylanase activities than Trichoderma reesei ATCC 28217.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.648-653
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to select various fungal strains indigenous to Korea that have the potential to produce cellulases, including filter paper activity (FPase), $endo-{\beta}$-1,4-glucanase (EG), and ${\beta}-glucosidase$ (BGL). Among the 25 species of Ascomycetes and the 32 species of Basidiomycetes tested in this study, the Bjerkandera adusta KUC10565, Heterobasidion orientale KUC10556, Hyphoderma praetermissum KUC10609, and Trichoderma harzianum KUC1716 all exhibited remarkably high FPase activity. In addition, the T. harzianum KUC1716 showed high levels of EG and BGL activity. This strain has been selected for further study because of their enzymatic potential.