Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
/
v.10
no.4
/
pp.95-108
/
2007
Test application of revegetation measure was made on the roadside slope damaged by Nongseo-Eomo national road improvement project in a bid to prevent the soil from being washed out as well as to restore the ecological environment, and the survey for assessment of the effect of slope revegetation measures was conducted, beginning May 11 through Nov 7, 2006. In the wake of comprehensive reviewing and evaluating the surrounding topographic environment, physical and chemical characteristics of soil, germination of revegetation plants, analysis of bio mass, covering ratio and the plants appeared, measure b was found to have been most appropriate to cut blasting rock slope, and alternatively measure c. For cut ripping rock slope, measure c-1 appeared to be effective in revegetation effect, and alternatively, b-1.When it comes to cut soil slope, measure c-2 was found to be effective, and b-2 to be a good alternative. And for embankment soil slope, measure b-3 appeared to be most efficient in revegetation effect and measure f as alternative.
Mt. Nam (265m), a city park of Seoul, was originally covered with a typical deciduous broad-leaved forests in Central Korea. However, the park forests have been changed the development for various purpose such as the construction of castle wall, road way, broadcasting station, theater, hotel and apartments, in addition, to thoughtless plantation or alien plant introduction. Human population growth from ca. 100 thousands persons less in that time established Seoul as the capital of choseon dynasty in 1394 to ten millions over persons at present, accelerated the vegetational changes of the park. mt. Nam boundary in those days of sunjong (1908) also was much shrinked as much the range of 300 m distance in the northern most to 700 or 800m distance in some places. The actual vegetation of Mt. Nam largely can be classified by floristic composition into two plant communities of Quercus mongolica community and Pinus densiflora community, four plantations of Pinus rigida, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Populus tomentiglandulosa and other tree species, and on mixed forest with native and alien tree species in secondary succession stage (Yim et al. 1987). The restoration movement of Mt. Nam toward to the natural condition of forest or biodiversity is moving now. However, in the movement there are some problems such as the lack of ecological consideration and the undesirable decision of priority in the practice. A warning should be given, especially, on the undesirable plantation of non-native tree species restricting the forest succession, as in the case of southern slope of Mt. Nam. First of all, the most importance in Mt. Nam management is that the restoration for natural forest and biodiversity should be carried on the basis of integrated ecological principles based on the site evaluation.
Kim, Houn-Chul;Kim, Chan-Soo;Song, Chang-Khil;Koh, Jung-Goon
Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
/
v.21
no.3
/
pp.278-289
/
2007
This study investigated species formation and their vegetation on the roadsides of 1100 Road and 5 16 Road in Hallasan National Park from August 2004 to December 2006 to provide basic data for distributional attribute of the naturalized plants. The vascular plants investigated on the roadsides of Hallasan National Park were found to be 62 families, 145 genera, 197 taxa in total, in which naturalized plants were recorded as 11 families, 29 genera, and 37 taxa. The floristic formation at 1100 Roadside was composed of Festuca arundinacea-Dactylis glomerata association, which was again divided into Trifolium pratense-Plantago lanceolata sub-association and Sasa quelpaertensis-Gleichenia japonica sub-association. The florisitic composition of the 5 16 Roadside was sorted as Festuca arundinacea-Dactylis glomerata association, Oplismenus undulatifolius-Potentilla fragarisiiforlia, elatior association, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and etatior-Persicaria thunbergii association. Among the naturalized plants distributed at this area, the annual plant accounts for 51.4%[19 taxa] and the plant of European origin accounts for 70.3%[26 taxa]. As for the background of the introduction of these plants, the case of introduction for forage or a mixture with grain and for pasture was 35.1% and 21.6% respectively, showing higher introduction circumstances than others. As shown in the study, most of the roadsides were occupied by the naturalized plants- Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata association and various naturalized plants; thus we can assume that it's because Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata association were mostly used for re-vegetation of the destroyed areas due to road construction or expansion or road maintenance and improvement project.
We recorded the movement of wildbirds nine times at Hoam 1st Tunnel, Kkachisan Park, Deungneung pass to compare the movement between eco-corridor and neighboring crossing road from June to September, 2006. Among three areas, birds did not prefer the eco-corridor at pass type such as Kkachisan Park and Deungneung pass, however number of species and individuals were high at the eco-corridor at Hoam 1st Tunnel. Over 90m width and the slope location of eco-corridors can be beneficial for wild birds to enhance the movement along eco-corridors between isolated two patches. Average foliage volume under two meters showed the relation with bush nesters, and that from 7 to 8m had the highest relationship with canopy nesters. In Seoul city, target species should be considered at the construction of eco-corridors according to site characteristics, but Paradoxornis webbianus could be suggested as a main target species at eco-corridors. To enhance the movement of diverse wildbirds, we would implement that eco-corridors could be located at the slope area with the size of 1ha (over 90m width), eco-corridors could be planted and managed with the high foliage volume of shrub layer under twometers and canopy layer over 8 meters.
The stress laminated timber, which could be manufactured by small dimension lumber on construction site, has high possibilities for bridges in remote area, such as recreation forest or forest road, because those bridges may be short span and low frequency in use. The stress laminated timber has merits of easiness for preservative treatment and transportation because it is manufactured with small dimension lumber. This study was carried out to analyze performances of stress laminated timber manufactured with preservative treated domestic pitch pine for developing structural design data for stress laminated timber bridges for vehicular traffic. Perpendicular to grain compressive performance by preservative treatment and bending performance by bored holes of pitch pine lumber was analyzed. Then, the effects of bending performance by pre-stress pressure, distance of bolts, number of laminations and planning were analyzed. Conclusively, planning of lumber was not necessary for manufacturing stress laminated timber, and 80% of bending stiffness criteria was maintained as pre-stress pressure was higher than 3.0 kg/$cm^2$. However, further researches are needed to define the effects of bolt distances and number of laminations. The results of this research would be basic data for design stress laminated timber bridges for vehicular traffic in Korea.
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) has been widely used to predict long-term soil loss by incorporating several erosion factors, such as rainfall, soil, topography, and vegetation. This study is aimed to introduce the LISLE within geographic information system(GIS) environment. The Kwangneung Experimental Forest located in Kyongki Province was selected for the study area. Initially, twelve years of hourly rainfall records that were collected from 1982 to 1993 were processed to obtain the rainfall factor(R) value for the LISLE calculation. Soil survey map and topographic map of the study area were digitized and subsequent input values(K, L, S factors) were derived. The cover type and management factor (C) values were obtained from the classification of Landsat Thematic Mapper(CM) satellite imagery. All these input values were geographically registered over a common map coordinate with $25{\times}25m^2$ ground resolution. The USLE was calculated for every grid location by selecting necessary input values from the digital base maps. Once the LISLE was calculated, the resultant soil loss values(A) were represented by both numerical values and map format. Using GIS to run the LISLE, it is possible to pent out the exact locations where soil loss potential is high. In addition, this approach can be a very effective tool to monitor possible soil loss hazard under the situations of forest changes, such as conversion of forest lands to other uses, forest road construction, timber harvesting, and forest damages caused by fire, insect, and diseases.
Ahn, Young Sang;An, Ki-Wan;Lee, Kye-Han;Nakamura, Futoshi
Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
/
v.103
no.1
/
pp.80-86
/
2014
$^{210}Pb$ dating was conducted to examine the influence of land use changes in the forest catchment on lake sedimentation. The Kushiro River, into which Lake Takkobu drains under regular flow conditions, contributed to an increased sedimentation rate in sampling point at the lake outflow because turbid water from the Kushiro River flows back into Lake Takkobu during floods. The elevated sediment flux from the catchment dilutes the $^{210}Pb$ concentration in sampling points at the inflow of the Takkobu River and the lake outflow, which causes fluctuations in the $^{210}Pb$ concentrations in sediment cores. The $^{210}Pb$ dating was estimated using the CRS (Constant rate of Supply) model. The dates by the CRS model in Lake Takkobu profiles were in good agreement with the dates by $^{137}Cs$. Sedimentation rates reconstructed for the past 100-150 years suggested that sedimentation rates increased drastically following land use changes. While a natural sedimentation rate of $0.01-0.03g/cm^2/year$ is observed until the 1880s, whereas lake sedimentation accelerated to $0.03-0.09g/cm^2/year$ following land use changes such as deforestation and channelization, between the 1880s and 1940s. In particular, the sedimentation rates have been associated with deforestation, channelization, agricultural development and road construction, since the 1980s, and these rates were about 9-28 times higher than those under natural conditions, leading to accelerated lake shallowing.
Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
/
v.8
no.4
/
pp.102-113
/
2005
Ecosystem is composed of human, biotic and abiotic environment. Landscape is an ecosystem which appear in a unit region. These landscape are the spatiotemporal land mosaic which is combined with various landscape elements. And, land use and land cover changes are important factors of landscape structure changes. This study is mainly focused on the analysing the spatiotemporal change patterns of Daegu metropolitan sphere forest landscape, using landscape indices and Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) which quantify ecosystem structures and functions. The results of this study are as follow: The encroachment and fragmentation of forest were due to linear developments, i. e. road construction, rather than large-scale developments such as residental lands or industrial complexes. And, the core area percentages of landscape gradually decreased and these could possibly deteriorate the soundness of forest areas by reducing the core areas which are habitats of species. In addition, there was intimate relations between ESV and forest landscape area. The results of this study can be detached standards for impartial judgements between the logic of development & conservation, and basic standards for the establishment of development plans, i. e. metropolitan-plans, which are adequately reflected ecosystem value.
Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
/
v.33
no.4
/
pp.99-111
/
2015
The objectives of this study were to investigate the location, shape, environment, and vegetation of the Village Forest in Gyeonggi-do and to evaluate the ecological integration and changes of the Village Forests to figure out the measures for conservation and management. There were 23 Village Forests remain in Gyeonggi-do. Ten Village Forests were established based on Feng-shui background. Many of them were found in Yongin area and southeast of Icheon. The Village Forests were owned by local community at 9 village and privately owned at 8 villages. Most Village Forests were managed by local communities except for the two managed by private person. Fifty-two percent of the Village Forests were in strip shape, and most of them were established by Feng-shui background or for the prevention of disasters. The average size of the Village Forests was relatively small at 3,046m2. The most frequent tree species found at the Village Forest were Zelkova serrata and Pinus densiflora. Over half of the number of Village Forests showed vertical structure of overstory trees only or overstory-sub overstory combination, which seemed to be resulted from the loss of understory plants by the activities of local residents. The Village Forests that had over 30% of damaged trees were found at 7 villages. The damages were caused by the road construction close to the groves, soil compaction, and tree death by covering lower stem with soil. The vitality of the damaged trees seemed to be significantly low compared to that of the undamaged. There were factors that determined the changes in the Village Forests: community ritual, institutional protection, designation as a water resource protection district, road construction, land use change, windstorm hazards, and development of forest areas. In order to conserve and manage the Village Forests appropriately, it is necessary to limit excessive use of the grove areas and maintain proper tree growing conditions by improving the soil environment. The development of neighborhood areas need to be controlled and community activities should be encouraged to maintain or restore the original landscape of the groves. Protection measures and supporting policies need to be enforced to keep the Village Forests from disappearing in near future.
Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
/
v.39
no.1
/
pp.106-116
/
2011
The purpose of this study was to find ecologically stable areas involving the locations in which wildlife exist, and to earmark those places as "ecologically connected areas requiring preferential preservation," and through that, to reduce the perils that may occur due to urban development or road construction. The processes and the results of this study were as follows: 1. Selecting the spots in which wildlife may exist: The total study areas were analyzed by eight ecological indexes and then a total of 500 locations in study areas were selected. 2. Sorting the locations in which mammals exist: We surveyed each one of the 500 locations twice, and then confirmed that we found mammals at 492 of the 500 locations and analyzed 264 locations that the number of existing mammals was above average. 3. Analyzing the 264 locations with two indexes, the number and the frequency of the land use types: 5~7 types of land use were suitable. The types were forest, rice field, farm, river, and meadow, excluding building and road. 4. Selecting the locations that meet the above conditions: We sorted 89 locations and earmarked these points as "ecologically connected areas requiring preferential preservation" in order to expect continued existence of wildlife.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.