• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 1997

Tomatoes are flooded differently 0, 5, 10 and 15cm, according to the developing stages such as flowering stage under the condition of greenhouse. Along with this, they are treated according to the time condition such as 6, 12, 24, 48 and 120 hours. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Plant height decreased in the depth of $0{\sim}10cm$ for over 48 hours, in the depth of 15cm for over 24 hours. Number of leaves was the same as in control, and it decreased over. Number of flowers and fruit setting of individuals decreased conspicuously according as the depth and the hours got greater and longer. Adventitious root occurred remarkably in the depth of $0{\sim}10cm$, for over 24 hours and in the depth of 15cm, 12 hours. Epinastic curvature increased greatly as the depth and the hours got greater and longer. Diffusion resistance of stomata cell increased as the depth and the hours got greater and longer. Diseases occurred conspicuously as the hours of flooding got longer rather than as the depth greater. The preventing of diseases caused by insecticide was observed, but it was not greater than in the seedling and transplanting stage. Fertilization was effective in the case of increasing the weight of shoot. Number of fruits per plant did not decrease in the depth of 0cm up to 24 hours, but decreased on the deeper level of flooding and increased as the hours got longer. Moreover with the exception of 120 hours per respective depth of the treatment, average weight of a fruit got greater as the depth and the hours got greater and longer. In the case of epinastic curvature and diffusion resistance, there was negative correlation between all the other investigated characters and positive correlation between weight of a fruits and average weight of a fruit.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2017

In order to determine the relationship between water content and flower qualities of oriental hybrid lily cv. 'Siberia' cut flower, flowers were subjected to dry and cold storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3, 6, and 12 days and subsequently exposed to ambient temperature ($26^{\circ}C$) in bottles with water for up to 16 days. Flowers stored at $22^{\circ}C$ in dry condition for 3 days were used as the control. Changes in fresh weight, moisture content, water balance, flowering stages, osmolality and vase life of cut flowers were observed. Flowers treated with cold and dry storage had higher moisture content compared to control sample. However, this trend was evident only for 3-day cold and dry stored sample during the whole storage period. The fresh weight of cut flowers increased gradually when the samples were transferred to ambient temperature in water bottles and then declined steadily before reaching the peak in between 6-8 days of vase life. However, the changes of fresh weight of control sample were substantially faster than samples pre-treated with cold and dry storage. This was also correlated with the water balance of cut flower as it reached the minus (-) value in 6-8 days of vase life at ambient temperature. Cut lily flowers showed high osmolality values corresponding with the duration of dry storage regardless of low or higher temperature. However, osmolality had no effect on vase life since flower stem absorbed water rapidly at the end of dry storage period. Our vase life results suggest that cold and dry storage of lily cut flowers for a certain period could ensure longer vase life at ambient temperature. It was observed that prolonging the storage period at cold and dry condition for more than a week significantly increased bud abortion, reduced longevity of flowers and reduced the vase life of cut flowers. On the other hand, the shorter cold and dry storage treatment delayed the bud opening and senescence of the flowers, thus, slowering the normal maturation and aging. Results indicated that dry and cold storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 days was effective in maintaining and preserving overall quality and vase life at ambient condition of oriental hybrid lily cut flowers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.345-350
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• 1997

Characteristics of electrical conductivity(EC) of seventy one-greenhouse soil located in southern part of Korea were surveyed to obtain the basic information for sustainable management of plastic film house soils. The averaged soil EC were 5.84 and 2.49dS/m for top-and sub-soil, respectively, showing distribution of 11.3% for top-soils and 50.7% for sub-soils within the optimum level of 2.0 dS/m. On the whole, the soils with flowering plants revealed higher EC than those with fruiting vegetables showing 2.75~6.34dS/m for the former and 2.29(sub-soils)~5.13dS/m(top-soils) for the latter. In a view of soil sampling time, the soils at Feb., 1996 marked 4.3~37.7% and 10.3(top-soils)~11.3%(sub-soils) higher EC compared with the soils at Sept. and Dec., 1995, respectively. The linear regression correlation coefficients of soil minerals to EC were in oder of $Mg^{2+}$ > $NO_3{^-}$ > $Cl^-$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $SO_4{^{2-}}$ > $K^+$ for top-soils and were $Cl^-$ > $SO_4{^{2-}}$ > $NO_3{^-}$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $K^+$ for sub-soils. In especial, the concentration of soil EC accompanied the increasing population ratio of soil fungi to bacteria and/or actinomycetes.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 1991

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of lime and phosphate application on the changes of number of soil microorganisms, indigenous Rhizobium japonicum, nodule formation, and ureide-and amide-N in leaf and stem exudate of soybean plant under uncultivated hillside red earth in very low pH value, organic matter, available phosphate, and cation exchange capacity. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The plant height, stem length, root dry weight and nodule weight were significantly increased with the application of lime and phosphate application than that of control plot. 2. The concentration of amide-N in soybean plant at the 45 days after sowing was obtained as high in order of control>lime> lime+phosphate while the concentration was obtained in order of Iime+phosphate>lime> control at flowering stage 3. However, concentration of ureide-N in the soybean leaf at the 45 days after sowing was obtained as high in order of control>lime>lime+hosphate while reversed concentration was obtained in stem. 4. The number of soil microorgan isms were increased with increase of pH value, available phosphate and soil exchangeable cation. 5. Significantly negative high correlation were obtained with the concentration of Al, Fe in soil and the concentration of amide-and ureide-N in soybean plant at flowering stage while positive correlation was obtained with plant growth and the concentration of ureide-N.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2008

The influences of night break by costly artificial light sources were investigated on the photo-morphogenesis and growth of leafy perilla (Perilla ocymoides L.). The irradiation of red, blue, and three-colored light for night break significantly increased the stem length and stem diameter compared to dark. Three-colored light gave the highest fresh and dry weight of stem, followed by red and blue light. Floral induction was suppressed up to 100 days after the night break, by red and three-colored light, but the plants grown under the dark or treated with blue light showed 85% and 31% flowering rate, respectively. The time needed for floral induction after night break was 60 days in dark and 80 days in blue light. The number of leaf, leaf area, and fresh weight per plant were the highest in red and three-colored light night break, followed by blue light and dark. The photosynthetic rate observed 80 days after night break was the highest in red light, followed by blue and three-colored light. A low light compensation point of $20\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ was observed in three-colored light, while red and blue light tended to show higher measurements.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.361-367
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• 2017

Production cost as well as environmental contamination can be reduced by reuse of drained nutrient solution in hydroponic. This research was conducted to obtain the information in changes in inorganic elements concentration of supplied and drained nutrient solution as well as of plant leaves. To achieve the objective, the samples of supplied and drained solution and cherry tomato leaf tissues were periodically collected and analyzed during the hydroponic cultivation. The electrical conductivity (EC) of supplied and drained nutrient solution in early growth stage of cherry tomato were measured as around $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, but those values move up with the passage of time reaching to $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ at flowering stage of 9th fruiting node. The pHs of drained solution in early growth stage were 6.4 to 6.7, however those showed a tendency to get lowered to 5.9 to 6.1 as time passed during the crop cultivation. The concentration differences of $NO_3-N$, P, K, Ca, and Mg between supplied and drained solution were not distinctive until flowering stages of 4th fruiting nodes, while those in drained solution moved up after the stage. The tissue N contents of leaves decrease gradually and those of K and Ca increased as crops grew. However, Tissue P and Mg contents were maintained similarly from transplant to end-crop. The above results would be used in correction of drained nutrient solution when element compositions are varied compared to supplied solution in hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 2016

The sustainability of Iris koreana, a rare and endemic plant designated by the Korea Forest Service, is threatened due to artificial factors such as habitats loss and climate change etc. and internal factors such as changes in biological properties of the habitats etc. but conservation biology research has not been performed in South Korea. The objective of this study is to establish the species conservation strategies by analyzing the characteristics of their habitats, including: 1) Population characteristics, and 2) habitat analysis of the vegetation and abiotic environments. From April to May, 2015, population characteristics [density (stems $m^{-2}$), flowering rate (%) and leaf area size ($cm^2$)] in I. koreana habitats such as Buan1~6 (BA1~6), Jangseong1~2 (JS1~2) and vegetation characteristics (phytosociological research and ordination analysis), and abiotic environments [soil temperature ($^{\circ}C$), soil humidity (%), transmitted light ($mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$) and canopy openness (%)] were measured. I. koreana was mainly distributed at elevation 50 to 150 m and 2 to $11^{\circ}$ slope. Slope direction was shown as 90 to $193^{\circ}$. The average degree of canopy openness was 11.9%. It showed the highest at BA2 (17.5) and the lowest at JS1 (7.7). The average degree of transmitted light was $6.3mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$. It showed the highest at BA2 (10.1) and the lowest at JS1 (3.6). Population density showed average 25.8 (stems $m^{-2}$). It showed the highest at JS2 (19.7) and the lowest at JS1 (9.3). flowering stems showed average 16.9 (stems). It showed the highest at BA3 (35) and the lowest at BA5 (4). Leaf area size was average $94.1cm^2$.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 1983

The aspect of flowering was investigated in 'Georgia' cut lilies which had four flowers per stem. Concurrently effects of preservative solutions on longevity, petal length, water uptake and fresh weight of cut flowers were examined. 1. Days of opening of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd flower were 1-2 days, 3-4 days and 5-6days after beginning of holding treatment respectively. But the 4th flower was opened 9-10 days after beginning of holding treatment when the 1st and 2nd flowers were wilting or drying. 2. The later the opening of flower in a stem was, the shorter the longevity of flower became. But the effects of preservative solutions on longevity were gradually increased as the opening of flower was late in a stem. 3. Preservative solutions containing sucrose and $AgNO_3$ or HQ were able to increase petal length and longevity of the 3rd and 4th flowers sufficiently like the 1st and 2nd flowers. 4. Petal length, water uptake, fresh weight and longevity of cut lilies held in preservative solution containing sucrose, $AgNO_3$ and HQ were increased significantly compared with others. Solution containing sucrose alone increased longevity but decreased water uptake remarkably and did not increase fresh weight and petal length effectively compared with the control.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.630-633
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• 2016

A new Gentiana spp. cultivar “Skyblueball” was bred by crossing between “Jinbu-65 line” with violet blue (VB 95B) colored petals as female and “Jinbu-1 line” with violet blue (VB 93B) petals as male in 2000 year. The superior line of 00-168-3 was selected in Daegwallyeong from 2001 to 2003 year, and its growth and flower characterization were conducted from 2004 to 2007 year in field of Daegwallyeong and Jinbu, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, Namwon, Jeollabuk-do and Jeju Special Self-Governing-do. The flower showed violet blue (VB 96C) color at opening, the petal of flower had not spot and flower stem color was purple. The flowers were bloomed at the same time from bottom to upside (Table 1). Plant height was 62.9 ㎝, number of flower stem per plant is 8.3, number of flower node per stem was 5.3, and number of flower per stem was 21.7 (Table 2). The flowering of ‘Skyblueball’ was bloomed from July 26 in Daegwallyeong, August 3 in Jinbu and Namwon, and June 28 in Jeju Special Self-Governing-do. ‘Skyblueball’ cultivar can be used for cut flower.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2008

This study was conducted to understand the effect of the different treatment level of head back pruning (HBP) on flowering, fruiting and nut qualities. The average number of pistillate flowers per bearing mother branch (BMB) ranged greatly from 0.5 to 60.0. For all cultivars as the level of HBP treatment increases, the number of pistillate flowers per bearing branch (BB) and BMB decreased. For all cultivars the number of branches developed per BMB began to decrease above 30% HBP treatment level. The number of burrs per BB ranged from 1.0 to 2.0. Within 'Daebo' the number of burrs per BB increased with increasing HBP treatment level. The rate of fallen fruits was the lowest of 22.6% at the 50% HBP treatment level of 'Tsukuba', whereas the rate was the highest in 'Pyeonggi'. Nut weight increased with decreasing the number of burrs per BB. Nut yield per BMB showed a tendency of decreasing with increasing the HBP treatment level. Within a HBP treatment level nut grade indicating nut quality varied greatly among cultivars. For all cultivars except for 'Pyeonggi', the proportion of specially large nuts above the average weight increased as the HBP treatment level increased. The soluble solids content showed no significant difference among the HBP treatment levels just right after harvesting of nuts. After 8 weeks of harvesting, however, the soluble solids content increased about 3.3% to 5.3%. and was highest at the 50% HBP treatment level. There were no significant differences among the HBP treatment levels and cultivars in the nut hardness which is highly related to the storage as well as the initial soluble solid content.