• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.1
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• pp.39-96
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• 1990

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.251-253
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.59-61
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2007

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.26-32
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the residual stresses at the multi-pass FCA weldment using the finite element analysis (FEA). In order to do it, an H-type specimen was selected as a test specimen. The variable used was in-plane restraint intensity. The temperature distribution at the multi-pass FCA butt weldment was evaluated in accordance with the relevant guidance recommended by the KWJS. The effective conductivity for the weld metal corresponding to each welding pass was introduced to control the maximum temperature below the vaporization temperature of weld metal. The heat flux caused by welding arc was assumed to be applied to the weld metal corresponding to welding pass. With heat transfer analysis results, the distribution of transverse residual stresses was evaluated using the thermo-mechanical analysis and compared with the measured results by XRD and uniaxial strain gage. In thermo-mechanical analysis, the plastic strain resetting at the temperature above melting temperature of $1450^{\circ}C$ was considered and the weld metal and base metal was assumed to be bilinear kinematics hardening continuum. According to the comparison between FEA and experiment, transverse residual stresses at the multi-pass FCA butt weldment obtained by FEA had a good agreement with the measured results, regardless of in-plane rigidity. Based on the results, it was concluded that thermo-mechanical FE analysis based on temperature distribution calculated in accordance with the KWJS’s guidance could be used as a tool to predict the distribution of residual stress of the multi-pass FCA butt weldment.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.123-141
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a plan on promoting use of multimodal transport logistics terms in Incoterms, 2010. This study deals with the terms of three promotion factors which are a user's subjective factors, a trade transport logistics environment factors, and a term content factors. According to analysis results of the factors, a user's subjective factors(3.87 score) are scored the most ones of promotion factors of using multimodal transport logistics terms in Incoterms, 2010, to be compared with a trade transport logistics environment factors(3.60 score). with a term content factors(3.74 score). Therefore, first of all, it is important to promoting use of multimodal transport logistics terms in Incoterms, 2010 through as follows, a user's subjective factors : (1) to understand correlation of door to door multimodal transport and terms of Incoterms, 2010, (2) to promote use of multimodal transport logistics terms in Incoterms, 2010 in door to door multimodal transport, (3) to restrain customary use of FOB, CFR, CIF terms. And, the next, we have to promote use of multimodal transport logistics terms in Incoterms, 2010 through considering a trade transport logistics environment factors and a term content factors.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.463-472
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of fermented chitosan additive(FCA) as a probiotics in finishing pig. The levels of 0.2% and 0.5% of FCA powder was added to the regular feed. A total of 30 pigs were used to evaluate the growing performance. Those FCA supplemented feeds were supplied to the pigs at 17 weeks of age for 6 weeks. After slaughtering, 4 pigs of each treatment were used to compare the physico-chemical characteristics and sensory evaluation. Addition of 0.2% of FCA improved the average daily weight gain and feed efficiency. The pH of the FCA treated loin was slightly higher than control. The L*, a*, b* values of the treatment groups were generally low compared to control group. So the effect of FCA to meat color was expression of purplish red color. Juiciness of the pork shoulder treated with 0.5% FCA was significantly(p<0.05) higher than the other groups. Flavor and overall preference scores for bacon treated with 0.5% of FCA were significantly(p<0.05) higher than the other groups.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.33-35
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• 2007

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-131
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• 2008

실험목적 : 빈소산은 11가지 생약으로 구성된 복합 한약 처방으로 관절염을 포함한 다양한 염증성 질환의 치료제로 사용되어 왔으나, 관절염에 대한 직접적인 효력평가는 찾아 보기 힘들다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 빈소산 추출물이 Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)로 유발된 rat 류마티스성 관절염에 미치는 치료 효과를 dexamethasone (15mg/kg, 복강 투여) 의 효과와 비교 평가하였다. 실험방법 : 류마티스성 관절염은 FCA (10mg in 1ml paraffin oil 0.1ml/rats)를 좌측 후지에 피내 투여하여 유발하였다. 실험동물은 Wistar 랫트를 사용하였고, FCA 투여 14일 후 유사한 무릎관절 둘레를 나타내는 류마티스성 관절염 유발 rat와 정상 rat 및 실험군을 그룹당 9마리씩 나누었다. 실험동물은 100 또는 200mg/kg의 빈소산 추출물을 FCA 투여 14일 후부터 14일간 경구 투여하였으며, dexamethasone은 15mg/kg 농도로 복강 투여한 다음, 희생하여, 체중, 연골내 collagen 함량 및 chondroitin sulphate, heparin sulphate 및 hyaluronic acid와 같은 뼈내 glycosaminoglycan 함량의 변화를 각각 관찰하였다. 실험결과는 항염 효과가 이미 입증되어 있는 dexamethasone 15mg/kg 복강 투여군과 비교하였다. 결과 : FCA 투여는 현저한 체중, 연골내 collagen 함량 및 chondroitin sulphate, heparin sulphate 및 hyaluronic acid와 같은 뼈내 glycosaminoglycan 함량의 감소와 함께 유발 관절 둘레 및 조직내 prostaglandin $E_2$의 증가와 같은 전형적인 류마티스성 염증을 초래하였으나, 이러한 류마티스성 관절염 소견은 dexamethasone 및 모든 용량의 빈소산 추출물 투여에 의해 현저히 억제되었으며, 특히 빈소산 투여군에서는 투여 용량 의존적인 감소가 인정되었다. 결론 : 이상에서 빈소산 추출물은 투여 용량 의존적인 prostaglandin $E_2$ 억제를 매개하여 FCA 유발 류마티스성 관절염에 대한 치료 효과를 나타내는 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 새로운 관절염에 대한 치료제로서 개발 가능성이 있을 것으로 판단된다. 한편 빈소산 추출물은 주로 prostaglandin $E_2$ 억제작용에 의해 항염 효과를 나타내는 것으로 관찰되었으나, 금후 다른 작용기전에 대한 연구와 빈소산의 구성성분 중 유효 성분 규명을 위한 실험이 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effect of low frequency electroacupuncture according to acupoints combination on NOS positive neurons in the PAG and Hippocampus of Rat with adjuvant induced Rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of FCA into base of tail. Experimental group were divided into 6 group ; Normal, Control, $ST_{36}$, $SP_9$, $ST_{36}+SP_9$, and NA. Normal group was injected with normal saline and not treated electroacupuncture. Control group was injected with FCA and not treated electroacupuncture. ST36 group was injected with FCA and treated by 2 Hz electroacupuncture at $ST_{36}$. $SP_9$ group was injected with FCA and treated by 2 Hz electroacupuncture at $SP_9$. $ST_{36}+SP_9$ group was injected with FCA and treated by 2 Hz electroacupuncture at $ST_{36}+SP_9$. NA group was injected with FCA and treated by 2 Hz electroacupuncture at non acupoint. Each groups were evaluated by the number of NOS-positive neurons in PAG and hippocampus by using an image analyzer and a microscope. Results : 1. The number of NOS-positive neurons of the NA group were significantly decreased in the CA2-3. 2. The number of NOS-positive neurons of the ST36 group were significantly decreased in the PAG and CA2-3. 3. The number of NOS-positive neurons of the SP9 group were significantly decreased in the PAG and DG 4. The number of NOS-positive neurons of the ST36+SP9 group were significantly decreased in the PAG, CA1 and DG. Conclusions : It is expected that low frequency electroacupuncture can be used a treatment of rheumatoid arthritic pain and that treatment of electroacupuncture at combined acupoints is more efficient than treatment of low frequency electroacupuncture at one acupoint.