• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2007

Among many types of light rail transits (LRT), the rubber-tired automated guide-way transit (AGT) is prevalent in many countries due to its advantages such as good acceleration/deceleration performance, high climb capacity, and reduction of noise and vibration. However, AGT is generally powered by high-voltage electric power feeding system and it may cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) to measurement sensors. The fiber optic sensor system is free from EMI and has been successfully applied in many applications of civil engineering. Especially, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are the most widely used because of their excellent multiplexing capabilities. This paper investigates a prestressed concrete girder bridge in the Korean AGT test track using FBG based sensors to monitor the dynamic response at various vehicle speeds. The serviceability requirements provided in the specification are also compared against the measured results. The results show that the measured data from FBG based sensors are free from EMI though electric sensors are not, especially in the case of electric strain gauge. It is expected that the FBG sensing system can be effectively applied to the LRT railway bridges that suffered from EMI.

• Composites Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.30-38
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• 2002

Fiber Bragg grating(FBG) like other optical fiber sensors also has the merit of embedding capability. To increase their actual value related to embedding capability, this paper reported the reliability and signal characteristics of FBGS embedded in composite laminates. The microphotographs of embedded optical fibers visualized the embedding environments of stripped optical fibers and coated optical fibers. Based on these microphotographs and cure monitoring performed using FBGs, we could understand that the main cause breaking the unique Bragg condition of low-birefrigence FBG were residual stress artier curing and reported the stale of stress/strain of optical fiber quantitatively. The cure monitoring also showed the history of splitting peak of a stripped FBG along cure processing. In addition, we could obtain a transverse insensitive grating(TIG) with ease by recoating a stripped FBG. TIG has good advantage for real-time signal processing.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.83-87
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• 2022

Recently, as the thickness of the semiconductor package becomes thinner, warpage has become a major issue. Since the warpage is caused by differences in material properties between package components, it is essential to precisely evaluate the material properties of the EMC(Epoxy molding compound), one of the main components, to predict the warpage accurately. Especially, the cure shrinkage of the EMC is generated during the curing process, and among them, the effective cure shrinkage that occurs after the gelation point is a key factor in warpage. In this study, the gelation point of the EMC was defined from the dissipation factor measured using the dielectric sensor during the curing process similar with actual semiconductor package. In addition, DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry) test and rheometer test were conducted to analyze the dielectrometry measurement. As a result, the dielectrometry was verified to be an effective method for monitoring the curing status of the EMC. Simultaneously, the strain transition of the EMC during the curing process was measured using the FBG (Fiber Bragg grating) sensor. From these results, the effective cure shrinkage of the EMC during the curing process was measured.

• Composites Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.186-192
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• 2023

Recently, in the field of railway vehicles, interest in the use of composite materials for weight reduction and transportation efficiency is increasing. Accordingly, research and commercialization development to apply composite materials to various vehicle parts are being actively conducted, and evaluation is conducted centering on post-measurement such as mechanical performance evaluation of finished products to verify quality when composite materials are applied. However, the analysis of heat and stress generated during the molding process of composite materials, which are factors that greatly affect manufacturing quality, is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, in order to verify the molding quality of composite parts for railway vehicles, the molding quality analysis was conducted for the two types of composite interior panels (laminate panel and sandwich panel) that are most actively used. To this end, temperature and strain changes were monitored during the molding process by using an FBG fiber optic sensor, which is easy to apply to the inside of the composite, and the residual strain value generated after molding was completed was measured. As a result, it was confirmed that overheating and excessive residual stress did not occur, thereby verifying the excellent molding quality of the composite interior panel for railway vehicles.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05b
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• pp.387-392
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• 2009

Measurement of dynamic characteristics are widely used to detect defects in mechanical or civil structures. The most common approach is to measure changes in frequency spectrum or mode shapes using accelerometers. An alternative to using mode shapes is using stain modes. Strain is more sensitive to local defects than displacement, and hence stain modes measurement is an efficient in structural health monitoring. This paper deals with dynamic monitoring of a beam structure using strain sensors. Resistive strain gages and FBG strain gages are used and their characteristics are compared. It has been known that resistive strain gages are week to EMI environment and suffers from noise at high frequency range. It has been shown that the FBG sensor is a good alternative that overcomes such difficulties.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2020

Various studies have been conducted on the structural health monitoring using optical fiber. Optical fibers can be used to measure multiple and distributed strain. Among the optical fiber sensors, FBG sensor has advantages of dynamic response measurement and high precision, but the number of measurement points is limited. Distributed fiber sensors, represented by distributed Brillouin sensors, usually have more than 1000 measurement points, but the low sampling rate makes dynamic measurements impossible. In this study, a hybrid nerve sensor system using only the advantages of the FBG sensor and the distributed Brillouin sensor has been proposed. Laboratory experiments were performed to verify the proposed system, and the accuracy and reproducibility were verified by comparing with commercial sensors. Applying the proposed system, dynamic response ambient measurements are used to evaluate the global state of the structure. When an abnormal condition is detected, the local condition of the structure is evaluated by static response measurement using the distributed measurement system. The proposed system can be used for efficient structural health monitoring.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.244-249
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• 2001

In this paper, we present the simultaneous measurement of the fabricaition strain and temperature during and after cure of unsymmetric composite laminate uising fiber optic sensors. Fiber Bragg grating/extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (FBG/EFPl) hybrid sensors are used to measure those measurands. The characteristic matrix of sensor is analytically derived and measurements can be done without sensor calibration. A wavelength-swept fiber laser is utilized as a light source. FBG/EFPI sensors are embedded in a graphite/epoxy unsymmetric cross-ply composite laminate at different direction and different location. We perform the real time measurement of fabrication strains and temperatures at two points of the composite laminate during cure process in an autoclave. Also, the thermal strains and temperatures of the fabricated laminate are measured in thermal chamber. Through these experiments, we can provide a basis for the efficient smart processing of composite and know the thermal behavior of unsymmetric cross-ply composite laminate.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.928-935
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• 2015

This paper presents low temperature structural tests of a UAV wing which has room temperature-curing adhesive bond. The wing structure is made of carbon fiber reinforced composites, and the skins are bonded to the inner structures (such as ribs and spars) using room temperature-curing adhesive bond. Also, to verify damage tolerance design of the wing structure, barely visible impact damages are intentionally created in the critical areas. The attachment fittings of the wing are fixed in a specially designed chamber which can simulate the low temperature environments of the operating altitudes. The test load is applied by hydraulic actuators which are placed outside the chamber. The structural tests consist of strain survey tests and a durability test for 1-life fatigue load spectrum. During the tests, strains of major parts are measured by strain gauges and FBG sensors. The change of the initial impact damages is also monitored using piezoelectric sensors. The 1-life damage tolerance of the composite structure is verified by the structural tests under the simulated environments.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.395-399
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• 2007

Renewable energy sources such as wind energy is copiously available without any limitation. Wind turbines are used to tap the potential of wind energy which is available in millions of megawatt. Reliability of wind turbine is critical to extract this maximum amount of energy from the wind. We reviewed different techniques, methodologies, and algorithms developed to monitor the performance of wind turbine as well as for an early fault detection to keep away the wind turbines from catastrophic conditions due to sudden breakdowns. To keep the wind turbine in operation, implementation of Condition Monitoring System (CMS) is paramount, and for this purpose ample knowledge of these types of system is mandatory. So, an attempt has been made in this direction to review maximum approaches related to CMS in this piece of writing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.251-257
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• 1999

Smart structure that contains sensors, which are either embedded in a composite material or attached to a structure, is currently receiving considerable attention. Fiber Bragg grating sensor, one of the optical fiber sensors, has been widely used to sense strain and temperature for smart structures since both parameters change the resonant frequency of the grating. In this paper, according to the various heating and cooling conditions the thermal behavior of unidirectional composite material was monitored by embedding the fiber Bragg grating sensors in the longitudinal and transverse directions of unidirectional composites. The thermal behavior of unidirectional composite material was monitored for various heating and cooling rates and applied pressure. It was found that the thermal behavior was unaffected by pressure variations and heating and cooling rates applied to the composites. The thermal strains were measured by considering the shift in Bragg wavelength that was generated by the thermal expansion of composite specimen. The longitudinal and transverse C.T.E.'s were also obtained from the corresponding temperature-thermal strain curves.