• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.347-352
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• 2019

We analyzed the correlation among fruit bearing branch (FBB) and shoot and fruit characteristics in order to select the length of FBB suitable for producing high-quality fruits of 'Soomee', a peach tree developed in Korea. The length and diameter of FBB were 26.1 cm and 6.1 mm, respectively, shoot and leaf number per FBB were 3.2 and 38.6, respectively. Of these, the coefficient of variation was very high in the shoots and leaf number. The average weight and soluble solid content (SSC) of fruit were 298.6 g and 12.2 Brix, respectively, and coefficient of variation of the fruit weight was 18.0 %, which was higher than that of SSC. As the FBB of 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm length per tree were 27.1 % and 25.4 %, respectively, the sum of short and middle FBB frequency per tree was more than 50 %. Fruits of 250-350 g and 11.0-13.0 Brix per tree were distributed in 68.6 % and 74.0 %, respectively. As a result of correlation analysis, fruit weight and shoot number were affected by the length of FBB. In particular, length of FBB showed the relation of fruit weight with $y=-0.0482x^2+2.4512x+277.36$. As a result, the length of FBB that can maximize fruit weight was analyzed as 25.4 cm. Therefore, in the filed, the suitable FBB for producing 'Soomee' peach is estimated to be about 20-30 cm.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is highly prevalent in dementia, with no specifically effective treatment having yet been discovered. Amyloid plaques are one of the key hallmarks of AD. Transgenic mouse models exhibiting Alzheimer's disease-like pathology have been widely used to study the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we showed an age-dependent correlation between cognitive function, pathological findings, and [F-18] Florbetaben (FBB) PET images. Nineteen transgenic mice (12 with AD, 7 with controls) were used for this study. We observed an increase in ${\beta}$-Amyloid deposition ($A{\beta}$) in brain tissue and [F-18] FBB amyloid PET imaging in the AD group. The [F-18] FBB data showed a mildly negative trend with cognitive function. Pathological findings were negatively correlated with cognitive functions. These finding suggests that amyloid beta deposition can be well-monitored with [F-18] FBB PET and a decline in cognitive function is related to the increase in amyloid plaque burden.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2022

Purpose ¹⁸F-Florbetaben (FBB) Readings are made by visually comparing the signal strengths of gray matter and white matter. We intend to evaluate the usefulness of image analysis by comparing quantified image analysis with readout. Materials and Methods Based on the reading results, 100 patients were divided into a negative scan and a positive scan, and 300 MBq of FBB was injected, and images were taken 90 minutes later for 20 minutes. The equipment was a Discovery 600 (GE Healthcare, MI, USA). Four regions of interest (lateral temporal lobes, frontal lobes, posterior cingulate & precuneus, and parietal lobes) were established based on the amyloid reading standard provided by the manufacturer. For image analysis, SUVratio (SUVr) was calculated by dividing each SUVmean by the cerebellum, and the average SUVr in the entire area was performed. Statistical analysis analyzed the cutoff derivation through ROC Curve, the difference between groups in Independent sample t-test, and the degree of agreement with the reading result through Kappa test. Results The average SUVr cutoff in the entire area was 1.23. Concordance with the read results using cutoff was 95/100 (95%) for negative and 92/100 (92%) for positive. As a result of the t-test, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05), and the Kappa statistical result showed a high degree of agreement with 0.867 (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results of image analysis were statistically significant and showed a high degree of agreement with the reading results. In addition, FBB image analysis can be viewed by 3D mapping the area where amyloid is accumulated, location estimation is possible, and quantitative analysis results can be viewed in detail. If quantified FBB image analysis is used as an auxiliary indicator, it is thought to be helpful in reading.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2014

To investigate the optimal size of fruit bearing branches (FBBs) of 'Kawanakajima Hakuto' peach (Prunus persica Batsch) for production of high quality fruits, we evaluated shoot growth and fruit characteristics relative to FBB direction and thickness. FBB diameter, shoot length, fruit weight, and soluble solids content (SSC) averaged 6.9 mm, 32.6 cm, 333.6 g, and $11.2^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. Coefficients of variation of FBB diameter and shoot length were high as 35.8% and 75.3%. The highest frequency values revealed that 76.4% of FBBs had a diameter below 9.0 mm, 70.0% of shoot lengths were less than 40 cm, 24.8% of fruits were 310-340 g, and 66.9% of SSCs were $10.5-12.5^{\circ}Brix$. Shoot length and SSC were significantly affected by FBB diameter without direction, and fruit weight was significantly affected by interaction of FBB diameter and direction. There was a negative correlation ($r^2=0.094^*$) of FBB diameter and fruit weight with upward FBB directions, whereas FBB diameter and fruit weight were positively correlated ($r^2=0.246^{**}$) with downward FBB direction. With thick FBB diameter, shoot length, and SSC were significantly increased, but fruit weight was decreased. Therefore, downward FBBs below 9.0 mm in thickness are suitable for producing high-quality fruits of 'Kawanakajima Hakuto' peach.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1664-1672
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• 2014

In this study, a fibrous bed bioreactor (FBB) was used for $\small{D}$-lactic acid ($\small{D}$-LA) production by Sporolactobacillus inulinus Y2-8. Corn flour hydrolyzed with ${\alpha}$-amylase and saccharifying enzyme was used as a cost-efficient and nutrient-rich substrate for $\small{D}$-LA production. A maximal starch conversion rate of 93.78% was obtained. The optimum pH for $\small{D}$-LA production was determined to be 6.5. Ammonia water was determined to be an ideal neutralizing agent, which improved the $\small{D}$-LA production and purification processes. Batch fermentation and fed-batch fermentation, with both free cells and immobilized cells, were compared to highlight the advantages of FBB fermentation. In batch mode, the $\small{D}$-LA production rate of FBB fermentation was 1.62 g/l/h, which was 37.29% higher than that of free-cell fermentation, and the $\small{D}$-LA optical purities of the two fermentation methods were above 99.00%. In fe$\small{D}$-batch mode, the maximum $\small{D}$-LA concentration attained by FBB fermentation was 218.8 g/l, which was 37.67% higher than that of free-cell fermentation. Repeate$\small{D}$-batch fermentation was performed to determine the long-term performance of the FBB system, and the data indicated that the average $\small{D}$-LA production rate was 1.62 g/l/h and the average yield was 0.98 g/g. Thus, hydrolyzed corn flour fermented by S. inulinus Y2-8 in a FBB may be used for improving $\small{D}$-LA fermentation by using ammonia water as the neutralizing agent.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.354-362
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• 2015

In this study, for integrated management and inter-exchange of operational data generated by ships and land-side information on safe and business, a vessel communication system with modular functions was designed that applied high efficiency compression, least-cost algorithms and Inmarsat FBB connection automation system. Performance test at the KTsat Kumsan satellite earth station; system was found to delivered an average transfer speed of 7 kB/S, which was significant improvement from the existing commercial product's average speed of 5 kB/S. It also delivered twice the efficiency of the existing product in terms of compression rate and transfer of the most widely used office files in maritime businesses.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2014

Research on flow channel designs of the separate plates is necessary to improve the PEMFC performance. On concerning the performance improvement of PEMFC, many recent studies have been made on the interdigitated flow channel using forced convection. In this paper, the interdigitated flow channel is similarly applied on the parallel flow channel with a baffle or baffles. Numerical analysis is performed by using a commercial multiphysics program, which is called COMSOL, on the parallel channel with the fully blocked baffle(FBB) and there are three variables, the position of baffle, flow direction and flow velocity. Each power of the variables is resulted from the fixed 0.5V, the voltage from 80 percents of the maximum power. Finally, based on the full factorial designs(FFD), one of the design of experiments(DOE), each factor which has several levels lead to the conclusion. The analysis of the main effects and interactions of the factors is useful to find the most influenced factor to improve the power.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2022

The subthreshold swing (SS) of an asymmetric junctionless double gate (AJLDG) MOSFET is analyzed by the use of Gaussian function. In the asymmetric structure, the thickness of the top/bottom oxide film and the flat-band voltages of top gate (V_fbf) and bottom gate (V_fbb) could be made differently, so the change in the SS for these factors is analyzed with the projected range and standard projected deviation which are parameters for the Gaussian function. An analytical subthreshold swing model is presented from the Poisson's equation, and it is shown that this model is in a good agreement with the numerical model. As a result, the SS changes linearly according to the geometric mean of the top and bottom oxide film thicknesses, and if the projected range is less than half of the silicon thickness, the SS decreases as the top gate oxide film is smaller. Conversely, if the projected range is bigger than a half of the silicon thickness, the SS decreases as the bottom gate oxide film is smaller. In addition, the SS decreases as V_fbb-V_fbf increases when the projected range is near the top gate, and the SS decreases as V_fbb-V_fbf decreases when the projected range is near the bottom gate. It is necessary that one should pay attention to the selection of the top/bottom oxide thickness and the gate metal in order to reduce the SS when designing an AJLDG MOSFET.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 1997

In order to express recombinant porcine TGF-${\beta}1$ protein in a baculovirus expression system the entire TGF-${\beta}1$gene containing extra amino acids at the N terminus was cloned into pFBa and pFBb of the Bac-To-$Bac^{TM}$ baculovirus expression system. One of the clones contained 106 extra amino acids and was designated pFBa-106 TGF-${\beta}1$, and the other had 28 extra amino acids and was designated pFBb-28 TGF-${\beta}1$. The orientation of the gene was identified with restriction enzyme mapping and PCR with internal TGF-${\beta}1$ primers. Sf-9 cells were infected at a m.o.i. of 10 by the recombinant viruses generated from the two expected sizes of 55 kD and 46.4kD. these precursor forms of TGF-${\beta}1$ with a polyclonal antibody against human TGF-${\beta}1$. No mature form of TGF-${\beta}1$ protein was detected on SDS gels and an immunoblot indicated that TGF-${\beta}1$ precursor is not properlu processed in insect cells.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 1995

For the improvement of the L-lysine productivity of Brevibacterium flavum and Corynebacterium glutamicum, fusants were induced by interspecific protoplast fusion of Bacillus subtilis with C. glutamicum and B. flavum. The following results were obtained through protoplast formation of strains condition of protoplast fusion, characteristics of the fusants, and the productivity of lysine form starch. B. flavum BF-5 and C. glutamicum protoplasts were made by the treatment of 0.3unit/$m\ell$ of penicillin G at the early stationary growth phase for 2 hours followed by incubation with 10mg/$m\ell$ of lysozyme at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 120 min. When a mixture of the protoplast was treated with 30% PEG(M.W.6,000) solution containing 50mM CaCl2 at optimal conditions, the intergeneric fusion frequency between protoplasts of C. glutamicum CG-2 and B. subtilis BD 224 was 7.1${\times}$105. The genetic properties on the L-lysine producing fusants were compared with those of parental strains. As a results, the intergeneric fusants were completed in each auxotrophic requirement, resistances for S-(2-amino-ethyl)-L-cysteine and kanamycine were confirmed. And one of fusants selected, FBB-41 were found to be genetically stable fusants. The aspartokinase activity of FBB-41 strain increased than that of the parent strain.