• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.471-476
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• 2011

Nowadays biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester, FAME) has been becoming an important issue as a desired alternative of energy products because of non-toxic, biodegradable properties, and lower exhaust emissions. During esterification of fatty acids or transesterification of oils and fats with short chain alcohols by the alkali-catalyzed methanolysis, FAME and unrefined glycerol are generated. Quantification of glycerol as a by-product is important because of a determinant of biodiesel quality. However, the glycerol analysis by gas chromatography (GC) method has laborious works with sample preparation, long time and cost of sample analysis. Thus, there is a need to analyze glycerol more simply. Herein we demonstrate that the colorimetric assay for glycerol analysis conducted by UV-vis spectrophotometer at the wavelength 617 nm whose peak is maximum intensity of malachite green, resulting in the red-shift occurred proportionally as a function of glycerol amount. Thus, it is considered the solvent media for malachite green fading for biodiesel production: (1) water, (2) MeOH, and (3) EtOH. The resulting findings show that the peak intensity at 617 nm in glycerol-malachite green mixture had a relationship between glycerol concentration and degree of peak shift as increase in pure glycerol concentration approximately at pH 7.0. However, when it was measured the unrefined glycerol concentration by diluting and adjusting with water to buffer (pH 7.0), it was not observed the absorption peak at 617 nm because of impurities and OH ions. In case of glycerol from biodiesel production factories, glycerol concentration could be successfully measured.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.136-136
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• 2017

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.348-361
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• 2015

To reduce the effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the government has announced the special platform of technologies as parts of an effort to minimize global climate change, and the government distributed biodiesel since 2006 as the further efforts. Although there are some debates about some quality specifications and unbalanced of source (44% from palm oil), more than 400kton/year of biodiesel was produced in 2013. Moreover the amounts will be increased when the RFS is activated. To solve the unbalanced situation and to achieve the diversity of feeds, it is essential that many researches should be considered. Especially, free and bond glycerines are one of the important properties seriously affected to the combustion system in vehicle & cold properties. Previous method (KS M 2412) couldn't cover the biodiesel derived from lauric oil($C_{12:0}$) such as PKO (Palm Kernel Oil), Coconut oil because those compositions are lighter than other conventional biodiesel sources. In this study, we review the existed method and figure out the factors should improve to analysis the glycerine from PKO and Coconut oil biodiesel. Modifying the analysis conditions to enhance the resolution and change the internal standards to avoid the overlapped- peaks between Capric acid ME ($C_{10:0}$) and standard#1(1,2,4-butantriol). From this revised method, we could solve the restrictions of previous methods. And check the possibility of new method to analyze the glycerine in biodiesel regardless of sources.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.39-51
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• 2012

Purpose: Hospitals for patients and their guardians can, from the concept of healing, be removed from just gaining profits, but suggest a future-oriented direction for the hospital. Accordingly, there have been studies related to the selection of hospitals, but most were related to preference and satisfaction, and only recently did research from the concept of tradeoffs of factors for selection began to grow rapidly. Methods: From this context, this study evaluates the level of importance for factors of selecting hospitals using the analytical hierarchy process, and identifies the correlation with users, gender, age group, and outpatient features in order to identify the difference of awareness among different groups for selecting hospitals. In the factors for selection 26 factors in six categories were set through studies of preceding research, and after surveying 144 people, the following results were attained. Results: 1) The overall analysis results were found in the order of medical level, medical service, and fame, and low for facilities, which is similar to the cases of preceding studies. 2) For user analysis, it was similar between patients and guardians, but there was a slight difference in awareness among nurses, who are also medical service providers. Nurses showed relatively high level of importance in direct factors such as medical technologies and medical services, while guardians of patients showed higher importance in indirect factors such as facility environments and convenience. 3) Women showed higher assessments of importance levels in environmental factors, while men in physical factors. 4) The older the age group, the lower level importance there was on medical level, while the importance on fame reduced the further the commute to the hospital was.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.197-202
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• 2004

The persistence of pendimethalin in soil and ground water has an injurious effect on ecosystem. Pendimethalin-degrading bacterium was isolated from Masan, Gyeongnam province and temporarily identified as Bacillus sp. MS202 by the analysis of API CHB50, kit, FAME, and 16S rDNA sequence. from the analysis of pnedimethalin metabolite using TLC, GC, and GC-MS, we found that the degradation of pendimethalin by Bacillus sp. MS202 did not result in the dealkylated form, but the formation of the reduced compound, 6-amino-2-nitro-N(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-xylidine or 2- amino-6-nitro-N(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-xylidine.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2014

The present study investigated variations in soil microbial communities by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and the chemical properties at 24 sites of upland soils in Gyeongnam Province. The electrical conductivity of the soil under potato cultivation was significantly higher than those of the red pepper and soybean soils (p < 0.05). The gram-negative bacteria community in potato soil was significantly lower than those in the garlic and soybean soils (p < 0.05). The communities of actinomycetes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the red pepper soil were significantly higher than those in the potato soil (p < 0.05). In addition, the cy17:0 to 16:$1{\omega}7c$ ratio was significantly lower in red pepper, soybean, and garlic soils compared with potato soil, indicating that microbial stress decreased. Consequently, differences in soil microbial community were highly associated with cultivated crop species, and this might be resulted from the difference in soil chemical properties.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.41-49
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• 2015

In spite of the registration on the world heritage in UNESCO the principal statue of Sakyamuni in Seokguram Grotto is considered that its worth doesn't reach to its fame. The exact name of the statue does not establish yet and the statue has insufficient of storytelling or narrative structure on it. Regarding these issues the statue need to enhance the real value of it. This study pursue reconsidering the status of the principal statue compare to general statue of the Buddha and searching for the originality and archetype as a Buddha in Seokguram Grotto. Descriptive method is adopted as a approach to this theme with preceding research analysis and reference research. As a result various alternatives are drew back as a countermeasure. One thing is a government leading system of research and development the other is it need to increase the fame of Sakyamuni statue in Seokguram Grotto with a n interdisciplinary approach in Korea.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.468-471
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• 2015

Microalgae have the advantages of being able to utilize the solar energy and culturing at a low cost. In particular, microalgae have a great potential in the production of biodiesel due to the high lipid content. Lipids produced from microalgae are converted to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) by trans-esterification reaction and FAME is called a biodiesel in general. In addition, microalgae can also be utilized as a substrate for ethanol fermentation after saccharification reaction. In this study, three types of microalgae (Nanochloris, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Tetraselmis) were cultured and their lipid contents were compared. In addition, the effects of lighting period on the growth rate and lipid content were studied. Finally, the amounts of glucose produced from each saccharified microalgae were investigated. As a result, we demonstrated that D. tertiolecta has 43.6% higher lipid content and 22% higher glucose conversion than two others.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.66-77
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• 2006

This review inquired the recently applied molecular biological and biochemical methods analyzing the microbial community structure of groundwater and, as a result, summarized the functional or taxonomic groups of active microorganisms with major contaminants in groundwater. The development of gene amplification through PCR has been possible to figure out microbial population and identification. Active microbial community structures have been analyzed using a variety of fingerprinting techniques such as DGGE, SSCP, RISA, and microarray and fatty acid analyses such as PLFA and FAME, and the activity of a specific strain has been examined using FISH. Also, this review included the dominant microflora in groundwater contaminated with fuel components such as n-alkanes, BTEX, MTBE, and ethanol and chlorinated compounds such as TCE, PCE, PCB, CE, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorobenzene.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.81-86
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• 2000

Hanji is a traditional handmade paper, which has been famous for its excellent qualities in strength, whiteness, gloss, and smooth feel in painting and writing in ancient Far East for many years. Nowadays, however, its old fame has declined and it has been used only in limited extent such as in traditional Korean brush painting and writing. In this study, 9 kinds of commercial handmade papers made in Korea, China, and Japan were collected and their printing and writing properties were evaluated by image analysis. Chinese handmade paper showed the best result in absorption area of China ink, the roundness and feathering of China ink blots, followed by Hanji. Abrasion coefficient of the Chineses papers was higher than that of the others, which was regarded to contribute to the difference in touch feeling of the writing brush on the papers. It was shown that absorption rate and blot area of China ink were increased by Dochim. Hanji which has recently been made by so called \"traditional method\" showed no quality difference from the modified Hanji.ied Hanji.