• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.218-228
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• 1997

Correlations between the amount of DAW (Dry Active Waste) generated from present Korean PWRs and their operating parameters were analyzed. As the result of multi-variable linear regressions, a model predicting the volume of DAW using the number of shutdowns ( $f_{FS}$ ) and total personnel exposure ( $P_{\varepsilon}$) was derived. Considering one standard error bound, the model could successfully simulate about 8575 of the real data. In order to predict the amount of DAW to be generated from a KNGR another model was derived by taking into account the additional volume reduction by supercompaction system. In addition, the volume of WAW (Wet Active Waste) to be generated from KNGR (Korean Next Generation Reactor) was calculated by considering conceptual design data and replacement effect of radwaste evaporator with selective ion exchangers. Finally, total volume of SRW (Solid Radioactive Waste) to be generated from KNGR was predicted by inserting design goal values of $f_{FS}$ and $P_{\varepsilon}$ into the model. The result showed that the expected amount of SRW to be generated from KNGR would be in the range of 33~44㎥. $y^{-1}$ . It was proved that the value would meet the operational target of KNGR proposed by KEPCO, that is, 50㎥. $y^{-1}$ .

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2019

There are strict evaluation processes before using new processors to satellites. Engineers evaluate processors from various viewpoints including specification, development environment, and cost. From a viewpoint of computation power, manufacturers provide benchmark results with processors, and engineers decide which processors are adequate to their satellites by comparing the benchmark results with requirements of their satellites. However, the benchmark results depends on a test environment of manufacturers, and it is quite difficult to achieve similar performance in a target environment. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the processors in the target environment. This paper compares performance of a processor, AT697F/LEON2, in software testbed (STB) with three development boards of XC2V/LEON3, GR712RC/LEON3, and GR740/LEON4. Seven benchmark functions of Dhrystone, Stanford, Coremark, Whetstone, Flops, NBench, and MiBench are selected. Results are analyzed with hardware and software properties: hardware properties of core architecture, number of cores, cache, and memory; and software properties of build options and compilers. Based on the analysis, this paper describes a guideline for choosing processors for next generation satellites.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.437-442
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• 1998

Seed and leaf size is the important morphological traits considered by plant breeder and is the important yield components in soybean. The objective of this research was to know the relationship between seed size and leaf size in 66 $F_2$ populations derived from half diallel mating system with 12 soybean strains, representing distinct seed and leaf size. The range of seed size for 12 parents used was 6.7 to 43.8 g/100 seed. Leaf width leaf length ranged 5.7 to 8.6 cm and 9.4 to 12.9 cm, respectively. Leaf width was highly correlated with leaf length with an R square of 0.754 in the $F_2$ generation. The $F_2$ regression` coefficient indicated that leaves were, on average 1.4 times greater length than in width . Leaf size (width) was highly correlated (r.0.91) with seed size (g/100 seed) in the $F_2$ generation with an R square of 0.833. Our results indicate postive correlation within seed and leaf size is common in $F_2$ segregating populations derived from crossing with soybean. The strong liner relationship we observed between leaf size and seed size in $F_2$ segragating population is useful in that in that indirect selection for a secondary character may be superior to direct selection for the primary character.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2019

Marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) is useful for selecting an offspring with a highly recovered genetic background for a recurrent parent at early generation to various crops. Moreover, marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) along with marker-assisted selection (MAS) contributes immensely to overcome the main limitation of the conventional breeding and it accelerates recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery. In this study, we were employed to incorporate rin gene(s) from the donor parent T13-1084, into the genetic background of HK13-1151, a popular high-yielding tomato elite inbred line that is a pink color fruit, in order to develop a rin HK13-1084 improved line. The recurrent parent genome recovery was analyzed in early generations of backcrossing using SNP markers obtained from genotyping-by-sequencing analysis. From the $BC_1F_1$ and $BC_2F_1$ plants, 3,086 and 4868 polymorphic SNP markers were obtained via GBS analysis, respectively. These markers were present in all twelve chromosomes. The background analysis revealed that the extent of RPG recovery ranged from 56.7% to 84.5% and from 87.8% to 97.8% in $BC_1F_1$ and $BC_2F_1$ generations, respectively. In this study, No 5-1 with 97.8% RPG recovery rate among $BC_2F_1$ plants was similar to HK13-1151 strain in the fruit shape. Therefore, the selected plants were fixed in $BC_2F_2$ generation through selfing. MAS allowed identification of the plants that are more similar to the recurrent parent for the loci evaluated in the backcross generations. MABC can greatly reduce breeding time as compared to the conventional backcross breeding. For instance, MABC approach greatly shortened breeding time in tomato.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 1974

Many of studies on the transovarial transmission of occult virus and their activation due to various stresses such as cold or heat treatment, chemical feeding, and nutritional deficiency, etc., in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. have been made, but any attempts have been not made to control virus diseases by detection of the occult virus-carried moths in the production of silkworm egg of hybrids, because of difficulty to detect occult virus in any stage. Therefore, it may be worth while to disclose whether a sublethal infection of the moths from which active virus are detectable, has the same level of induction rate as that of occult virus activation, thus to apply its results for the reduction of the occurence of virus diseases in silkworm rearing. For these purposes, the following experiment was conducted as one of preliminary steps. In this study, investigations on the generation-to-generation transmission of occult virus and a sublethal infection, and the role of chromosomal gene of the host, Jam 103 and Jam 104 in the Previous generation, and Jam 103 x Jam 103 and Jam 104 f Jam 104 in the next generation were made for the induction of virus diseases due to the transmitted virus. The frequency of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis due to the induction in the F$_1$ generation was markedly higher in the cross-batches, male$\times$female and male$\times$female in which inoculated individuals were used as fem ale parents than in the cross-batches, male$\times$female and male$\times$female in which virus has been not inoculated or inoculated only to male in the previous generation. The tendency of increasing rate was observed in any treatments; such as the inoculations of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (10$\^$5/, 10$\^$6/ 10$\^$7, and 10$\^$8//ml ill different concentration of inocula) , cold-treatment (5$^{\circ}C$, 12hrs or 24hrs), and formalin-feeding treatment (2％ or 3％). The shape of polyhedra (tetragonal in outline) examined in the F, larvae was identified as that of the inoculated polyhedra with partial application of immunofluorescent techniques. These results suggests that the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus in B. meri L. are transmitted to the next generation through the egg, apparently in the occult state. And the experimental results of various cross-batches revealed the egg cytoplasm plays an important part i the transmission of the occult virus of the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2004

We have proposed a new shallow trench isolation (STI) process using flowable oxide (F-oxide) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for DRAM application and it was successfully developed. The combination of F-oxide CVD and HDP CVD is thought to be the superior STI gap-filling process for next generation DRAM fabrication because F-oxide not only improves STI gap-filling capability, but also the reduced local stress by F-oxide in narrow trenches leads to decrease in junction leakage and gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) current. Finally, this process increased data retention time of DRAM compared to HDP STI. However, a serious failure occurred by symphonizing its structural dependency of deposited thickness with poor resistance against HF chemicals. It could be suppressed by reducing the flow time during F-oxide deposition. It was investigated collectively in terms of device yield. In conclusion, the combination of F-oxide and HDP oxide is the very promising technology for STI gap filling process of sub-100nm DRAM technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.185-187
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• 2004

The co-administration of BPA and BBP induced slow weight gain compared with single administration in dams. Also, such mixture induced low neonatal body weights in next generation. The dams treated with BPA and BBP showed significant organ weight changes in liver, spleen exposed during lactational periods. But the dams exposed during lactational periods showed significant organ weight changes not only in liver, spleen but also in kidney, uterus and ovary. The F1 female rats exposed during lactation periods showed significant organ weight changes in liver, spleen, ovary. The F1 male rats showed significant organ weight changes in liver, kidney, epididymis, vesicular glands, prostate. However no clear synergistic effects of BPA and BBP could be found. Estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ expression by BPA and BBP in the uterus(dam, F1 female) and testis(F1 male) were studied. There was no significant different $ER{\alpha}$ expression pattern between control and treated groups. But $ER{\alpha}$ expression were increased in F1 male testis and female uterus. F1 male showed distinct $ER{\alpha}$ expression, especially in the group of lactational combined exposure. Synergistic $ER{\alpha}$ expression was found by combined treatment of BPA and BBP.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2010

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling ability of somatic embryogenesis were identified in soybean. A frame map with 204-point markers was developed using an RI population consisting of 117 $F_{11}$ lines derived from a cross between cultivar 'Keburi' and a weedy soybean 'Masshokutou Kou 502'. The parents differed greatly in their abilities of somatic embryogenesis using immature cotyledons as explants. The ability of somatic embryogenesis was evaluated in five different experiments: the $F_{11}$ (evaluated in 1998) and $F_{15}$ (2002) generations cultured on basal media supplemented with $40\;mg\;l^{-1}$ 2,4-D (2,4-D1998 and 2,4-D2002), $F_{14}$ (2001) generation on medium with $40\;mg\;l^{-1}$ 2,4-D and high sucrose concentration [2,4-D2001 ($30\;g\;l^{-1}$ sucrose)], and the $F_{11}$ (1998) and $F_{12}$ (1999) generations on medium with $10\;mg\;l^{-1}$ NAA (NAA1998 and NAA1999). The RILs showed wide and continuous variations in each of the five experiments. In the composite interval mapping analysis, 2 QTLs were found in group 8 (D1b + W, LOD = 5.42, $r^2$ = 37.5) in the experiment of 2,4-D1998 and in group 6 (C2, LOD = 6.03, $r^2$ = 26.0) in the experiment of 2,4-D2001 (high concentration sucrose). In both QTLs, alleles of 'Masshokutou Kou 502' with high ability of somatic embryogenesis contributed to the QTLs. For the other three experiments, no QTL was detected in the criteria of LOD >3.0, suggesting the presence of minor genes.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.54-63
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• 2020

Although fires caused by heat generation due to Cu₂O breeding in wire connections are well-known among fire investigators, there are few papers on the analysis and introduction of fire cases by heat generation due to Cu₂O breeding. This study analyzed fire statistics caused by heat generation in electrical connections and the phenomena and features of heat generation due to Cu₂O breeding. Then, a fire which occurred in the wire connection in a university lab by heat generation due to Cu₂O breeding was analyzed in more detail. This fire case could reach a conclusion that heat generation due to Cu₂O breeding caused a fire in the wire connection through the fire pattern investigation of fire origin, the visual investigation of wire connection, 3D CT, power-on-test, and stereoscopic microscopy, SEM and EDS analysis.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2017

4-Nonylphenol (NP) is a surfactant that is a well-known and widespread estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). Although it has been known that the affinity of NP to ERs is low, it has been suggested that low-dose NP has toxicity. In the present study, the endocrine disrupting effects on reproduction, and the weight of gonads, epididymis, and uterus were evaluated with the chronic lower-dose NP exposing. This study was designed by following the OECD test guideline 443 and subjected to a complete necropsy. In male, NP had an effect on the weight of the testis and epididymis in both $F_0$ and $F_1$. In females, NP decreased the weight of ovary and uterus in $F_0$ but not in pre-pubertal $F_1$ pubs. Fertility of male and female in $F_0$ or $F_1$ was no related with NP administration. The number of caudal-epididymal sperm by body weight (BW) was not different between groups in both $F_0$ and $F_1$. Besides, the difference of the sperm number between generations was not detected. The number of ovulated oocytes was similar between groups in $F_0$, but significantly decreased in NP 50 group of $F_1$. The litter size and sex ratios of offspring in $F_1$ and $F_2$ were not different. The accumulated mating rate and gestation period were not affected by the NP administration. Those results shows that chronic lower-dose NP administration has an effect of endocrine disruptor on the weight of gonads and epididymis of $F_0$ and $F_1$ but not in reproduction. Based on the results, it is suggested that chronic lower-dose NP exposing causes endocrine disruption in the weight of gonad and epididymis but not in the reproductive ability of next generations.