• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.95-106
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to study the personality traits of Sasang constitutions by comparing the profiles of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Methods : A total of 110 healthy people (20 to 40 years old), except for 2 Taeyangin (TY type), were analyzed; 45 Taeeumin (TE type), 32 Soyangin (SY type), and 31 Soeumin (SE type). A Sasang constitutional medicine specialist diagnosed the Sasang constitution after analyzing the result of a Two Step Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis (TS-QSCD), the external appearance, temperament and symptoms. The dimensions of TCI and EPQ were compared among the different Sasang constitutions, using an analysis of variance, and correlations between TCI and EPQ were analyzed by a Pearson correlation method. Results : Among the four temperament dimensions of TCI, SY type showed a significantly higher score than the SE type in Novelty Seeking. SE type showed significantly higher score than TE and SY type in Harm Avoidance. SY type showed significantly higher score than SE type in Reward Dependence. TE and SY type showed significantly higher score than SE type in Persistence. There were no significant differences in the character dimensions of Self-directness, Cooperativeness and Self-Transcendence. Among the seven dimensions of EPQ, TE and SY type showed significantly higher score than SE type in Extraversion. SE type showed significantly higher score than SY type in Lie. SY type showed significantly higher score than TE and SE type in Impulsiveness. Conclusions : The results demonstrated that there are some significant differences of personality traits among Sasang constitutions. This could help diagnose and understand each Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the personality traits and cognitive characteristics of the Sasang constitution by comparing the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Stroop Test. Methods: One hundred and six healthy subjects (age 20 to 40) were analyzed; 45 Taeeumin, 30 Soyangin and 31 Soeumin. The Sasang constitution was diagnosed by a sasang constitutional medicine specialist based on the results of a Two Step Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis (TS-QSCD), the external appearance, temperament and symptoms. The results of the EPQ, TCI, CPT and Stroop Test were compared between Sasang constitutions. Results: Among the seven dimensions of EPQ, Taeeumin and Soyangin scored significantly higher than Soeumin in Extraversion. Soyangin scored significantly higher than Soeumin in Impulsiveness. Among the four temperament dimensions of TCI, Taeeumin and Soyangin scored significantly higher than Soeumin in novelty seeking, reward dependence and persistence. Soeumin scored significantly higher than Taeeumin and Soyangin in harm avoidance. Among the three character dimensions of TCI, Soyangin scored significantly higher than Taeeumin in self transcendence. The results for CPT showed no significant differences between sasang constitutions. Taeeumin had a significantly higher color score in the stroop test than Soeumin. Conclusions: The personality tests showed significant differences between Sasang constitutions, but the neuropsychological test did not show any differences. Further studies should be performed to identify neuropsychological differences between Sasang constitutions.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 1994

Objectives: Eyeblinking varied depending on individual cognitive abilities or personality traits thought to related to brain mechanisms of sensory modulation. This study explored whether personality traits are related to the rate of eye blinks and how eyeblink and evoked potential augumenting-reducing(EPAR) interact Methods: Forty four students were studied with EPAR topography to explore how eyeblinks, personality and EPAR interact The Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale(SSS) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) were used as personality measured by a stimulus response program during EP study. Results: Rate of blink increased as intensity of light increased. The General(GEN), Thrill and Adventure Seeking(TAS), Experience Seeking(ES) and Disinhibition(DS) subscales in SSS and Extraversion-Introversion(E) subscale in EPQ showed significant negative correlations with number of eyeblinks in the hightest intensity of light, whereas Neuroticism(N) subscales in EPQ showed a positive correlation. Correlation between number of eyeblinks with the brightest light and EPAR slope varied topographically. The strongest positive correlation was noted in right posterior temporal area. Conclusion: High sensation seekers blinked significantly fewer times than lower sensation seeker did. Higher personality correlations with eyeblink than with EP may imply that the eyeblink works as a primary filter since it is more directly related to central mechanisms of sensory modulation than EP. The right posterior temporal area may play an important role in modulation of visual stimuli.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.197-207
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• 2007

Based on a survey on 1620 students in primary school and secondary school., by adopting Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), we got the following findings : 1. There is close relationship between emotionality characteristics of temperament and mathematics academic achievement of the subjects at Grade 5 (Primary 5), Grade 8 (Junior Secondary 2), and Grade 10 (Senior Secondary 2). Also there is close relationship between internal-external directivity characteristics of temperament and mathematics academic achievement at Grade 5 and Grade 8. While there is not close relationship between internal-external directivity characteristics of temperament and mathematics academic achievement at Grade 10; 2. There is close relationship between temperament types and mathematics academic achievement of the subjects from the three grades. Superior temperament, which benefit learning mathematics, are sanguine, sanguine-phlegmatic and phlegmatic; While inferior temperament types, which don't benefit learning mathematics, are choleric, melancholic and choleric-melancholic. With the rising of grade, temperament types of benefiting learning mathematics converts from external directivity emotion balance to balance of internal-external directivity emotion stability. While temperament of no benefiting learning mathematics converts from internal directivity emotion balance to balance of internal-external directivity emotion instability; 3. In mathematics education, students' temperament difference, which affects learning mathematics, should be recognized. Mathematics teachers should find out the best teaching ways, forms and methods which are suitable for student's temperament type, so that the students with different temperament types can gain better mathematics academic achievement.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2003

This study is an experimental study about the relationship between EEG and personality dimensions. Subjects were 70 healthy undergraduate students (32 males, 38 females) The Korean version of Eysencks Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) were used. EEGs were recorded in two different conditions (eyes open and eyes closed). To obtain more tellable data, EEG recordings of subjects were replicated 6 weeks later. The analytical methods used in the present study rendered two coincident tendencies: Theta with neuroticism relationship in eyes closed condition, and alpha-delta with psychoticism relationship in eyes closed condition. These results generally support the theory of Robinson (2001) that delta, theta, and alpha waves are associated with activity of brainstem, limbic system, and thalamo-cortical arousal system, and that thalamo-cortical alpha system has inhibitory effects on brainstem delta system.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.381-390
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to study the personality traits and cognitive characteristics of the Sasang constitution by comparing the Personality Test and Neuropsychological Test. Methods: A total of 121 subjects were analyzed with the results of a Two Step Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Diagnosis (TS-QSCD). Among them, the Personality Tests (SPQ, EPQ, TCI) and the Neuropsychological Tests (A-VLT, CPM, Stroop-CWIT, WCST) were processed and analyzed for Soyangin, Taeeumin, Soeumin. Results: 1. In the results of the SPQ, the Soyangin showed a significantly higher score than did the Taeeumin and Soeumin in Behavior, Emotionality, Cognition, as well as the Total Score. The SPQ-C score and SPQ-T were significantly higher for Soyangin, Soeumin and Taeeumin, in that order. 2. In the results of the EPQ, the Soyangin showed a significantly higher score than did the Taeeumin and Soeumin in Extraversion - introversion. Soeumin showed a significantly higher score than did the Soyangin and Taeeumin in Neuroticism. Soyangin also showed a significantly higher score than Taeeumin in Venturesomeness. 3. For the results of the TCI, the Soyangin showed a significantly lower score than did Taeeumin and Soeumin in Harm-Avoidance, but a significantly higher score in Persistence and Self-Directedness. Soyangin and Taeeumin showed a significantly higher score than did Soeumin for the total score of Self-Directedness+Cooperativeness. 4. The results of the Computerized Neuropsychological Tests (A-VLT, CPM, Stroop-CWIT, WCST) showed no significant differences between the Sasang constitution. Conclusions: The EPQ, TCI score showed significant differences between the Sasang constitution. But the Computerized Neuropsychological Tests developed to evaluate cognitive abilities did not show differences between the constitutional individuals and showed limitations as a research tool. Further studies are needed to devise a research method for ascertaining the cognitive behavioral characteristics of the Sasang constitution.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

Objective: Few studies have evaluated the personality characteristics of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and simple snoring. We investigated the personality characteristics of OSA and simple snoring patients and compared differences in personality between the two groups using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Materials and Methods: Two hundred and thirty-seven patients who were suspected to have OSA or simple snoring participated in this study. A self-questionnaire which included the EPQ was administered to all participants. All subjects underwent polysomnography in a sleep laboratory and those with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ${\geq}5$ were included in the OSA group, while those with an AHI <5 were included in the simple snoring group. Results: OSA patients had significantly lower scores for Psychoticism (F=4.563, p=0.034) than simple snorers. There were no significant differences in Extraversion (F=3.029, p=0.083), Lie (F=0.398, p=0.529), or Neuroticism (F=3.367, p=0.068) scores between the two groups. In the correlation analysis of the OSA group, AHI was positively correlated with Extraversion score (r= 0.16, p=0.029) and negatively correlated with Lie score (B=-0.31, p<0.001). Using multiple stepwise linear regression analysis with the four EPQ parameter scores as dependent variables, Lie score was associated with older age (B=0.14, p<0.001) and lower AHI (B=-0.05, p<0.001), Psychoticism score was associated with higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI ; B=0.14, p<0.001), Neuroticism score was associated with higher PSQI (B=0.34, p=0.001) and female sex (B=3.15, p=0.003), and Extraversion score was associated with younger age (B=-0.08, p=0.020) and higher body mass index (B=0.26, p=0.023). Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with OSA are significantly less prone to psychotic personality characteristics than those with simple snoring. Among OSA patients, higher AHI was correlated with low falsehood and high extraversion tendencies.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 1995

Augmenting-reducing evoked potentials(AREP) were studied in 38 college students to explore the topographic distribution between AR slope and personality. The Zuckerman Seeking Scale(SSS) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) assessed personality. There was a significant positive correlation between AR slope and Extraversion-Introversion(E) in the frontocentral area ; the right posterior area showed a significant negative correlation with E. The Thrill and Adventure Seeking(TAS) subscale showed a significant negative correlation with slope in the right posterior temporal area. The average slope map of all subjects revealed a distribution showing more augmenting in frontocentral areas and more reducing in posterior areas.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2019

Personality, especially neuroticism has been found related to be related with poor sleep quality. This study focused on emotion regulation, reappraisal and suppression, which can buffer or aggravate the effect of neuroticism influencing sleep quality. One hundred and forty two ordinary adults were used in this study and were recruited and required to complete a package of questionnaires including: the Eysenck personality Questionnaire/EPQ, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire/ERQ, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index/PSQI. The result was that participants with higher neuroticism had poorer sleep qualities than those with lower neuroticism. Moreover, participants that had high neuroticism and high reappraisal had better sleep qualities. This means that there was an interaction effect of neuroticism and reappraisal on sleep quality. However, suppression did not have a moderating effect on the relation between neuroticism and sleep quality. These findings inferred that reappraisal plays an important moderating role (buffering effect) on the relationship between neuroticism and sleep quality. Reappraisal cannot only prevent people high in neuroticism from sleep problems but can also buffer symptoms of sleep disorder by treating patient's negative emotions.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of personality dimensions of schizophrenics. Subjects in this study were 71 chronic schizophrenics, 59 acute schizophrenics, and 87 normal persons. All subjects was asked to respond to EPQ(Korean Version Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). Collected data were analyzed by using the statistical techniques of discriminant function analysis, t-test and one-way variable analysis. The results were as follows : Acute and chronic schizophrenics were higher than normal persons on psychoticism score. However, there was no significant difference between chronic and acute schizophrenics on the psychoticism score. Discriminant analysis was adopted to identify the scales in EPQ that were most effective in discriminating between normals and schizophrenics. Psychoticism of EPQ function was the most effective variable that discriminates between the normals and the schizophrenics.