• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.361-368
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish the best optimized extraction condition for the optimal development of fresh maca beverage using low temperature extraction and enzyme treatment. Low temperatures were applied to prevent heat-related nutritional loss during the extraction process. Best extraction conditions were investigated based on the ratio of maca to water, the ratio of enzymes, extraction temperature and time, and agitation. The optimal enzyme conditions were also examined after the treatment of cellulase:pectinase mixture to maintain the original color and flavor, as well as to increase the extraction yield. When cellulase:pectinase was 1:1, the extraction rate ranged from 77.84 to 79.29%. In addition, the best extraction rate was found when maca was mixed with twice volume of water and incubated at $45^{\circ}C$ ($84.05{\pm}0.32%$) with 90 rpm ($87.13{\pm}0.46%$) agitation for 3 hours ($84.73{\pm}0.29%$). Furthermore, sensory evaluation showed a high score in flavor, sweetness, and overall acceptability after adding 3% jujube concentrate into a fresh maca beverage.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.319-325
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• 2017

In this study, we optimized the coffee extraction conditions for instant coffee production in two stage percolators, which is the most common coffee extractor for instant coffee production. A central composite design was used to build mathematical model equations for response surface methodology (RSM). In these equations, the yield and overall acceptability of the coffee extracts were expressed as second-order functions of three factors, the feed water temperature, draw-off factor (DOF), and extraction time (cycle time). Based on the result of RSM, the optimum conditions were obtained with the use of desirability function approach (DFA) which find the best compromise area among multiple options. The optimum extraction conditions to maximize the yield and overall acceptability over 40% of yield were found with $163^{\circ}C$ of feed water temperature, 4.3 of DOF and 27 minutes of extraction time (cycle time). These results provide a basic data for the coffee extraction conditions for the competitive instant coffee in the industry.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.202-205
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum conditions for extraction of acidic polysaccharide from red ginseng marc produced by manufacturing alcoholic and water extract from red ginseng. Extraction efficacy of acidic polysaccharide from dried red ginseng marc was higher than that before drying. The appropriate conditions for the extraction of acidic polysaccharide from red ginseng marc were particle size under 3.35 mm after drying red ginseng marc, 1∼2 hours of extraction time and 2∼3 extraction times, respectively. The amount of acidic polysaccharide in water extract from red ginseng marc treated with $\alpha$-amylase and cellulase increased about 20∼50%. From the above resuts, we suggest that red ginseng marc produced by manufacturing alcoholic and water extract of red ginseng has higher potencies in the utilization of waste materials.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.284-287
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to find an optimum extraction condition of acanthoside-D from acanthopanax cortex with supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent. In this effort, effects of the extraction conditions including pressure, temperature and presence or absence of a cosolvent on the extraction efficiency were investigated. The ethanol, water or 50% methanol was used as a cosolvent whilst the operating pressure ranged from 200 bar to 300 bar. The acanthoside-D concentrations were determined by means of HPLC equipped with a UV detector. From the results, it was observed that increase of higher pressure led to the higher extraction efficiency. Further, water was found to be the best cosolvent among the entrainers tested.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2011

A compact array system of small buoys is used for wave energy extraction. To evaluate the performance of this system, hydrodynamic analysis is carried out in regular waves using the higher order boundary element method. The motion response of each buoy is calculated considering hydrodynamic interactions caused by other buoys. The effect of energy extraction device is modeled as a linear damping load. The efficiencies of energy conversion are compared using the various sizes and arrangements of the array system and the damping coefficients for energy extraction. The increase in size or the packing ratio of the system gives better efficiency. However, the wave condition and the cost for the system should be considered to optimize performance from the perspective of engineering and economics. The proposed nondimensionalized damping coefficient for energy extraction is 0.1~0.5.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1880-1884
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• 2007

This study was conducted to find the optimum extraction condition of Gold-Thread for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans using The evolutionary operation-factorial design technique. Higher antibacterial activity was achieved in a higher extraction temperature ($R^2=-0.79$) and in a longer extraction time ($R^2=-0.71$). Antibacterial activity was not affected by differentiation of the ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent ($R^2=-0.12$). The maximum antibacterial activity of clove against S. mutans determined by the EVOP-factorial technique was obtained at $80^{\circ}C$ extraction temperature, 26 h extraction time, and 50% ethanol concentration. The population of S. mutans decreased from 6.110 logCFU/ml in the initial set to 4.125 logCFU/ml in the third set.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.453-456
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• 2002

Tonin(Persicae Semen) is the herb medicine that contains amygdalin as a major ingredient. Amygdalin in water is decomposed into benzaldehyde, HCN, and glucose by emulsin, a hydrolysis enzyme in tonin. A useful and practical method for the optimum extraction condition of amygdalin without enzymatic hydrolysis is required. The extraction yield of amygdalin of natural formula to nin was 0.1 % from crude powders, 1.4% from small pieces, 3.5% from half pieces and 2.4% from whole pieces. The extraction yield of amygdalin of outer shell-eliminated to nin was 0.3% from crude powders, 1.4% from small pieces, and 3.5% from half pieces and whole pieces respectively. The extraction yield of amygdalin was most high when using the size larger than half.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2016

To determine the optimum condition for the extraction of active components, noni adventitious roots were extracted under various conditions employing various solvents including methanolic water at different ratio (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% water), extraction times and extraction methods. Anthraquinones, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids extraction using different solvents showed that 1 h of ultrasonic extraction was effective in 60-80% methanol, and 2 h of reflux extraction was effective in 80% methanol. To compare the extraction efficiency of active components according to different extraction methods and extraction times for noni adventitious roots, the active components were extracted by ultrasonic extraction, shaking extraction, reflux extraction, homogenizer extraction, high-pressure extraction, and soaking extraction. The highest phenolic contents were found in the extracted from ultrasonic extraction and anthraquinones and flavonoids contents were highest in the reflux extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.27 no.1 s.53
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• pp.100-106
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• 2005

To obtain the optimum condition for analysis of 10 alkaloids in tobacco leaves, such as nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine, anabasine, myosmine, cotinine, 2,3'-dipyridyl, $\beta-nicotyrine,\;\beta-nornicotyrine\;and\;\beta-formylnornicotin$, 5 types of extraction method were investigated by GC-FID and GC/MS. The optimum condition of alkaloid extraction was achieved by using methanol:dichloromethane(1:3, v/v) after NaOH treatment. The use of mass selective detector (MSD) provided unambiguous nicotine related alkaloid analysis. Alkaloids in various tobacco leaves were extracted with the optimum extraction condition and quantified by GC/MS/SIM mode. Compared with concentrations of alkaloids among the various tobacco leaves, the concentration of alkaloids was generally in the order burley > flue-cured > oriental tobacco. In flue-cured tobacco leaves, the order of concentration of alkaloids was nicotine > anatabine > nornicotine > $\beta-nicotyrine\;>\;\beta-formylnornicotine\; >\;myosmine\;>\;2,3'-dipyridyl\;>\;cotinine\;>\;anabasine\;>\;\beta-nornicotyrine$. However, in the case of burley and oriental tobacco leaves, the concentration of nornicotine was higher than that of anatabine.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 2007

Effect of the pH condition was examined on extraction and dyeing of the yellow and red dyes of safflower. Absorption of dye solution extracted from safflower was changed by pH of solvent. In the case of yellow dyes, cotton and ramie weren't dyed regardless of pH of dye bath, but silks were significantly dyed at pH4. Raw silk showed better dyeability than refined silk. In the case of red dyes, cotton and ramie absorbed red dyes selectively, but silks absorbed yellow dyes more significantly than red dyes. Efficiency of extraction and dyeing of yellow dyes in acidic range were find out higher than that in neutral range. Red dyes was effectively extracted at pH11 and dyed at pH6.