• Magazine of RCR
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.14-19
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• 2010

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the exposures of cashiers who work at expressway tollbooths. Methods: We measured temperature(temp.), relative humidity(RH), and contaminants with direct reading instruments at ten expressway toll gate in September 2015. Elemental carbon was collected on the quartz filters and analyzed with an OCEC analyzer. Results: The average levels for temp., RH, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, dust(PM10), and black carbon were respectively 24.6~27.8℃, 32.3~65.3%, 0.5~1.2 ppm, 456~559 ppm, 12~111 ㎍/㎥, and 3.1~10.1 ㎍/㎥ at each tollbooth. The concentrations of elemental carbon within the tollbooth(1.8~7.2 ㎍/㎥) were lower than outdoors(2.5~10.0 ㎍/㎥), but exhibited a high correlation(r2=0.855). The exposure levels for carbon monoxide, black carbon, and elemental carbon in the tollbooths were significantly higher than the offices. The concentrations of black carbon and elemental carbon showed a high correlation(r2=0.756). Conclusions: The levels of contaminants were below the occupational exposure limits in the expressway tollbooth. There were ventilation and air conditioning systems in the booths, but it is necessary to maintain and use the systems properly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.521-532
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• 2008

The SIP method developed by low noise-vibration from Japan is appropriate to the construction at urban area. However, this method has been misused as a pre-driiled driven pile method in Korea. Hence, Korea Expressway Corporation proposed 'Design & Construction Guideline for the SIP Method' following the original concept of the SIP method at 2004 and 2006. Also construction guideline of another auger-drilled piles were introduced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.537-544
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• 2009

Several domestic and foreign design methods for rock socketed drilled shafts were introduced in this study. In order to verify these design methods, the results of field pile load tests were compared with predicted capacities using them. Based on this study, AASHTO(1996) and FHWA(1999) design methods tend to underestimate, and CFEM(2006) and NAVFAC(1982) tend to overestimate. The difference between the predicted and measured values was caused by reflecting different rock socket geometry and also different rock properties in each design method.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2013

Around 70% of Korea is mountainous, an increase in tunnel construction. It's due to the growing interest of the public for the environment and land required for the road construction is very scarce. During construction of 'Daedong 1 tunnel' in the expressway expansion project between Naengjeong and Busan, there are shallow shaft due to this tunnel located in the valley and the shafts are separated, and penetrating location change was inevitable for construction was delayed because of complaint. So, we change the position of the penetrating by applying multi-channel TSP, and conducted a stability analysis. The analysis results showed that there is no problem on the stability of the tunnel. To secure the construction of additional stability, We installed instrument, performed mechanical excavation, added reinforcement at shallow shaft and conducted bench cut.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.38-50
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• 2010

Expressways are often upgraded by widening the lanes and/or by reshaping the roads to be more linear for faster travel time. However, during the process of improving the route of the expressways, the areas where the old expressways used to be are often unused and abandoned. When these neglected sites are left alone, they often become dump sites causing pollution and impacting the surrounding environment. Therefore, it is important to restore the abandoned expressway sites to its full natural beauty. In this study, the abandoned expressway at the Soksa interchange in Pyungchang county, located in Kangwon province was studied for establishing the model of ecological restoration project. Considering the characteristics of the site, the target flora species was chosen to be Quercus species and the target fauna species as amphibians. After the target species were carefully chosen, each species' habitat requirements were studied in order to figure out the appropriate methods toward habitat restoration specifically for these species. In addition, to determine the most efficient method toward restoration of abandoned expressways, the study utilized the planting hole techniques, the crack techniques, and the colonization techniques. In terms of the spatial organization, public education program is incorporated at the main entrance area and the programs for experimenting, and developing vegetation and habitat restoration techniques are placed in the vicinity. In the master plan-to provide natural ecosystem at the site-ASCON (asphalt concrete) was removed first, then plans for restoration including species' habitat restoration were established. Furthermore, the project included plans for improving water quality polluted through non-point source considering the surrounding nearby road and farm lands. Finally, the study established a planning process that will experimentally apply to the abandoned expressway restoration method. In the future, there will be a continuous monitoring of the methods applied to verify if the restoration methods are effective. Also, new restoration techniques should be available according to a variety of abandoned expressways' characteristics.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study estimated the load effect of a single heavy truck to develop a live load model for the design and assessment of bridges located on an expressway with a limited truck entry weight. METHODS : The statistical estimation methods for the live load effect acting on a bridge by a heavy vehicle are reviewed, and applications using the actual measurement data for trucks traveling on an expressway are presented. The weight estimation of a single vehicle and its effect on a bridge are fundamental elements in the construction of a live load model. Two statistical estimation methods for the application of extrapolation in a probabilistic study and an additional estimation method that adopts the extreme value theory are reviewed. RESULTS : The proposed methods are applied to the traffic data measured on an expressway. All of the estimation methods yield similar results using the data measured when the weight limit has been relatively well observed because of the rigid enforcement of the weight regulation. On the other hand, when the estimations are made using overweight traffic data, the resulting values differ with the estimation method. CONCLUSIONS : The estimation methods based on the extreme distribution theory and the modified procedure presented in this paper can yield reasonable values for the maximum weight of a single truck, which can be applied in both the design and evaluation of a bridge on an expressway.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.457-462
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• 2021

As South Korea is a mountainous topography, installation of tunnel is essential for construction of expressway in straight lines. According to "2019 Road Bridge and Tunnel Status Report", there are 2,682 tunnels in Korea with total length of 2,077km. Tunnels take up 1.9% of total road length and the number of tunnel increased by 94% with 1,300 newly constructed tunnels over the 10 years. According to domestic and foreign researches, a long tunnel over 1km in expressway has dark lightings and monotonous wall design which decrease driver's concentration and make the driver feel bored. This leads to feeling fatigue and drowsiness more easily. In response, Korea Expressway Corporation installed design lighting that increases attentiveness on 10 tunnels with total length over 3km by 2020. To reduce the risks of accident that may happen inside the tunnel, this study conducted a comparative analysis on characteristics of each type of LED landscape lighting installed inside the expressway tunnel. The study aimed on providing the basic material for effective installation of LED landscape lighting for securing driving stability, reducing fatigue, and lowering the risk of drowsiness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.43-55
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• 2020

The study was performed in order to derive the management methods of revegetation space on embankment upper in the shoulder of expressway. The pilot study was conducted in 2013 on the test road section of the Jungbu Inland Expressway (Smart Highway) and continues to be monitored until 2020. In the test, three commonly used methods for weed control were applied. In the early two to three years, most of the methods were effective in controlling weeds. However, at the end of six years, weed suppression effects were different for each treatment. Vegetation coverage was 90% in the untreated control, 70-80% wood chip mulching method, 50-60% solidification method, and 20% sheet mulching method. The sheet method was found to be the most effective given the low vegetation coverage was effective in controlling weeds. The wood chip mulching method is promoting weed growth over time, and weeds are invading as the effect of soil hardening is reduced in the place where the soil hardener is treated. Among the methods applied in the test, mulching the sheet is the most effective, but it is important to use a durable sheet. In the future, it is necessary to find ways to control weeds on road shoulders, considering both economic and environmental aspects. For the proper management in the shoulder of expressway set target zone is needed. Clear standards for weed control on expressway should be established. And the technology to be applied must be durable for 3 years or more and must be able to suppress the amount of weeds to a level of 20% or less.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2023

In this study, the removal efficiency of road sweeping and sand filter facility for removing total suspended solid (TSS) as nonpoint source pollution from expressway was evaluated for the last 10 years (2012~2021) using ROADMOD. ROADMOD is a screening level model and was calibrated for runoff rate and TSS loading both at the inlet, which is the loading from the drainage area, and the outlet, from the sand filter facility. The drainage area is 715 m² and the dimensions of sand filter facility are 1.5 m (wide) × 3.8 m (length) × 1.5 m (depth). The monitoring period for model calibration was the rainfall event during Aug. 31~Sep. 1, 2021 and the amount of rainfall was 74.5 mm. As a result of calibration, the determination coefficients (R²) of the flow rate were 0.66 and 0.86, for the inlet and outlet, respectively, and those of TSS loading were 0.50 and 0.84, for the inlet and outlet, respectively. Considering that ROADMOD is a screening level model, the calibration results were reasonable to evaluate the best management practices (BMPs) on the expressway. Using ROADMOD simulation results for 2012~2021, the average yearly runoff rate from the expressway was 82% and removal efficiency was 9% for road sweeping, 35% for sand filter facility, and 39% for both road sweeping and sand filter facility.