• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2019

Background: Management of an agricultural food product system following a nuclear accident is indispensable for reducing radiation exposure due to ingestion of contaminated food. The present study analyzes the effect of agricultural countermeasures on ingestion dose following a nuclear accident. Materials and Methods: Agricultural countermeasures suitable for domestic farming environments were selected by referring to the countermeasures applied after the Fukushima accident in Japan. The avertable ingestion doses that could be obtained by implementing the selected countermeasures were calculated using the Korean Agricultural Countermeasure Analysis Program (K-ACAP) to investigate the efficiency of each countermeasure. Results and Discussion: Of the selected countermeasures, the management of crops was effective when radionuclide deposition occurred during the growing season of plants. Treatment by soil additive and topsoil removal was effective when deposition occurred during the nongrowing season of plants. The disposal of milk was not effective owing to the small contribution of milk to the overall ingestion dose. Clean feeding of livestock was effective when deposition occurred during the growing season of fodder plants such as pasture and rice-straw. Finally, the effect of food restriction increased with the soil deposition density of radionuclide. The practical effect of countermeasures was very small when the avertable ingestion dose was absolutely low. Conclusion: The agricultural countermeasures selected to reduce the radionuclide ingestion dose after a nuclear accident must be made appropriate by considering the accident situation, such as the soil deposition density of the radionuclide and the deposition date in relation to farming cycles.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.56.1-56.17
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• 2022

Background: At the therapeutic doses, diclofenac sodium (DFS) has few toxic side effects on mammals. On the other hand, DFS exhibits potent toxicity against birds and the mechanisms remain ambiguous. Objectives: This paper was designed to probe the toxicity of DFS exposure on the hepatic proteome of broiler chickens. Methods: Twenty 30-day-old broiler chickens were randomized evenly into two groups (n = 10). DFS was administered orally at 10mg/kg body weight in group A, while the chickens in group B were perfused with saline as a control. Histopathological observations, serum biochemical examinations, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess the liver injury induced by DFS. Proteomics analysis of the liver samples was conducted using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology. Results: Ultimately, 201 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were obtained, of which 47 were up regulated, and 154 were down regulated. The Gene Ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were conducted to screen target DEPs associated with DFS hepatotoxicity. The regulatory relationships between DEPs and signaling pathways were embodied via a protein-protein interaction network. The results showed that the DEPs enriched in multiple pathways, which might be related to the hepatotoxicity of DFS, were "protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum," "retinol metabolism," and "glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism." Conclusions: The hepatotoxicity of DFS on broiler chickens might be achieved by inducing the apoptosis of hepatocytes and affecting the metabolism of retinol and purine. The present study could provide molecular insights into the hepatotoxicity of DFS on broiler chickens.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.857-862
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 토모다이렉트를 이용한 토모테라피 방사선치료에서 두상 각도(head tilting)에 따라 3차원 입체조형 전뇌 방사선치료 계획을 평가하고 자 하였다. 총 다섯 가지 두상 각도(-20°, -10°, 0°, +10°, +20°)를 비교 평가하였다. 두상 각도에 따라 표적에 대한 선량균질지수(homogeneity index, HI)와 처방선량지수(conformity index, CI)를 계산하였고, 정상 장기인 수정체, 안구, 귀밑샘에 대한 최대선량과 평균 선량을 구하였다. 선량균질지수와 처방선량지수는 두상 각도가 +10°와 +20°에서 수치 1에 가까웠다. 두상 각도 +10°에서 수정체와 안구의 선량은 기준 두상각도(0°)에 비해 각각 약 74%와 30% 감소하였다. 턱을 올린 상태의 +10°의 두상 각도는 표적에 대한 선량균일지수와 처방선량지수가 적합하며 렌즈와 안구의 선량을 줄일 수 있는 각도로써 권장한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.3046-3053
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• 2023

Radon is a naturally occurring carcinogenic agent, poses a serious health hazard when inhaled or ingested in significant amounts. The water of the Padma river will be used as a tertiary coolant for the soon-to-be-commissioned 'Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant'. Hence, it is important to assess the radiological status of the river prior to the commission of this power plant. Therefore, for the first time, 25 samples of water were collected from various locations of the Padma River and analyzed for radon concentration using the RAD H₂O (DURRIDGE) radon monitoring device. The radon concentrations were found in the range from 0.077 ± 0.036 to 0.494 ± 0.211 Bq/L with a mean of 0.250 ± 0.093 Bq/L. All the concentrations were found to be below the recommended limits of WHO (100 Bq/L) and USEPA (11.1 Bq/L). The mean annual effective dose due to the radon exposure via inhalation and ingestion pathways were 0.638 µSv/y and 0.629 µSv/y, respectively, which were all well below the annual effective dose recommended by WHO (0.1 mSv/y). Since Bangladesh lacks a national safety limit of radon in water, this pioneering study provides baseline data on radon levels for the environment around Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.717-724
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• 2023

An essential step in evaluating and comparing the performance of two passive radiation dosimeter types, thermosluminescent (TLD) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), used by workers in environments with ionizing radiation for individual radiological monitoring and control of external exposure at various times (cumulative dose for 1 month), is to compare the measured dose accuracy, energy response, and coefficient of variation. In fact this performance study consists in determining the accuracy of both R(10) and R(0.07) which are considered as the ratios of the measured dose (Hp(10) or Hp(0.07)) to the delivered dose (Hp(10) or Hp(0.07)) for each photon energy. The validity of the results of this test is based on the acceptance limits of the ICRP and the international standard IEC-62387. The relative energy response used is normalized to the ¹³⁷Cs 662 keV energy to find which energy response is closest to the ideal case, and the coefficient of variation that allows to determine the statistical fluctuation of the Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) doses. The results of the accuracy test for the OSL and TLD dosimeters are acceptable because they fall within the ICRP limits. For the energy response, the OSL performs better than the TLD for Hp(10) and Hp(0.07), and for the coefficient of variation, the OSL satisfies the requirements of ISO 62387 for both Hp(10) and Hp(0.07), while the TLD satisfies these requirements only for the measurement of Hp (0.07).

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2023

Evaluating the effectiveness of the radiation protection measures deployed at the Centralized Radioactive Waste Management Facility in Ghana is pivotal to guaranteeing the safety of personnel, public and the environment, thus the need for this study. Radiagem^TM 2000 was used in measuring the dose rate of the facility whilst the personal radiation exposure of the personnel from 2011 to 2022 was measured from the thermoluminescent dosimeter badges using Harshaw 6600 Plus Automated TLD Reader. The decay store containing scrap metals from dismantled disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS), and low-level wastes measured the highest dose rate of 1.06 ± 0.92 µSv·h^-1. The range of the mean annual average personnel dose equivalent is 0.41-2.07 mSv. The annual effective doses are below the ICRP limit of 20 mSv. From the multivariate principal component analysis biplot, all the personal dose equivalent formed a cluster, and the cluster is mostly influenced by the radiological data from the outer wall surface of the facility where no DSRS are stored. The personal dose equivalents are not primarily due to the radiation exposures of staff during operations with DSRS at the facility but can be attributed to environmental radiation, thus the current radiation protection measures at the Facility can be deemed as effective.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2024

In this study, we analyzed the use of general radiography imaging and effective dose in inpatients. Our aim is to help reduce national medical radiation exposure doses and develop rational health-care financial policies. The effective dose for each general radiography was calculated using the ALARA-GR program for 53 types (total: 260 codes) general radiography codes selected from 'National Health Insurance Care Benefit Cost'. The usage of general radiography was analyzed in the 2018 inpatient patient data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, and the effective dose for each general radiography was analyzed. 89.00% of inpatients undergo general radiography imaging at least once, with an average of 12.63 scans per person and an effective dose of 1.00 mSv. Those who received support from Medical Aid showed a higher value compared to those who were insured by National Health Insurance, with 17.39 cases and 1.43 mSv (p<.001). Chest had the highest usage rate at 23.12% for general radiography imaging, while L-spine had the highest effective dose at 24.53%. It is estimated that 420 inpatients patients undergo 121 to 820 general radiography imaging procedures per year, and 233 inpatients are estimated to have an annual effective dose of >20.00~58.25 mSv. Rational use of health-care finances and the practice of medical radiation safety management are essential for the well-being of individuals, the enhancement of quality of life, and the improvement of health-care quality.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2024

Background: Cigarette smoke is generally accepted as a major contributor to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by emphysematous lesions. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) against cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced emphysema. Methods: Mice were instilled with 50 mg/kg of CSC intranasally once a week for 4 weeks, KRG was administered to the mice once daily for 4 weeks at doses of 100 or 300 mg/kg, and dexamethasone (DEX, positive control) was administered to the mice once daily for 2 weeks at 3 mg/kg. Results: KRG markedly decreased the macrophage population in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced emphysematous lesions in the lung tissues. KRG suppressed CSC-induced apoptosis as revealed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling staining and Caspase 3 immunohistochemistry. Additionally, KRG effectively inhibited CSC-mediated activation of Bcl-2-associated X protein/Caspase 3 signaling, followed by the induction of cell survival signaling, including vascular endothelial growth factor/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B in vivo and in vitro. The DEX group also showed similar improved results in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: Taken together, KRG effectively inhibits macrophage-mediated emphysema induced by CSC exposure, possibly via the suppression of pro-apoptotic signaling, which results in cell survival pathway activation. These findings suggest that KRG has therapeutic potential for the prevention of emphysema in COPD patients.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 유방촬영 환자수 1,318명(2,636영상)을 대상으로 수집된 자료를 분석하여 환자의 연령분포와 압박유방두께를 조사하였고, 또한 압박유방두께의 변화에 따른 평균유선선량(AGD)을 측정하여 비교하였다. 다양한 관전압과 target/filter 조합에서 반가층과 출력(mR/mAs)을 측정하여 임상에서 사용되는 관전압에서 측정된 출력에다 mAs를 곱해서 입사표면공기커마(ESAK)를 계산하였다. 평균유선선량은 입사표면공기커마에다 Dance가 구한 변환계수를 곱해서 구했다. 압박유방두께의 평균값은 상하방향(CC) 촬영 시에 35.8 mm, 내외사방향(MLO) 촬영 시에 43.3 mm로 나타났다. 평균유선선량은 CC 촬영에서 1.55 mGy, MLO 촬영에서 1.70 mGy로, 압박유방두께가 CC 촬영 시보다 MLO 촬영 시에 평균 4.8 mm 두껍기 때문에 평균유선선량은 MLO 촬영 시에 0.15 mGy(10%)가 증가되었다. 평균유선선량은 압박유방두께가 두꺼울수록 증가하며, $10{\sim}80\;mm$의 범위에서 압박유방두께가 10 mm 두꺼울수록 평균적으로 0.34 mGy 증가하였다. 따라서 압박유방두께에 따라 평균유선선량의 차이가 비교적 크기 때문에 한 가지 두께보다 몇 단계에서 규정된 최대한계선량으로 유방촬영 시의 환자 피폭선량의 기준으로 삼는 것이 바람직하다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2010

진단을 위한 엑스선검사는 의료분야에서 전리방사선을 가장 많이 사용하고 있으며 인공 방사선피폭중 가장 높은 비율을 차지하고 있다. 우리나라에서도 진단 엑스선검사에 의한 의료피폭은 전체 방사선 피폭 중 17.4%를 차지하고 있으며 인공방사선피폭 중에서는 92%를 차지하고 있다. 두부진단을 위한 엑스선 촬영 횟수도 2007년의 경우에는 111,567건으로서 2004년 이후 매년 3% 정도의 증가 추세를 나타내고 있다. 따라서 환자선량 권고량을 국내의료기관 실정에 맞도록 설정하여 두부촬영시 환자가 받는 방사선량을 줄이고 환자의 방사선 방어를 최적화 하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 전국 114개 의료기관에서의 두부 촬영시 피폭되는 방사선량을 인체팬텀과 유리선량계를 사용하여 측정하고 환자선량권고량(DRL, Diagnostic Reference Level)을 확립하였다. 이 결과에 따라 두부 후전면 촬영에서의 환자선량 권고량은 2.23 mGy이며, 이는 세계보건기구, 국제원자력기구 등 국제기구가 권고하는 선량 5 mGy 보다 낮았으며, 두부 측면찰영에서의 환자선량 권고량인 1.87 mGy는 국제기구가 권고하는 선량 3mG 보다 낮았다.