• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 1983

Frozen boar semen should be utilized in swine production in order to get its advantages. Much studies were carried out for the practical use of frozen semen. Some of frozen boar semen are used in swine production and some companies are exporting frozen boar semen in U.S.A.. For the practical utilization of frozen semen in swine production in Korea, we have to get deep knowledge and understanding about frozen boar semen and studies on processing and conception of frozen semen.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.205-221
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• 2019

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of cash holdings on firm value in export companies. To investigate this effect, we analyzed 5,386 samples drawn from export companies listed in the KOSDAQ from 2011 to 2018. During this period, the International Financial reporting Standards have been employed. The research results are as follows. First, the results of a T-test showed that the level of the firm value of export companies with high levels of cash holdings is significantly higher than that of those with low levels of cash holdings. In addition, the level of the firm value of export companies with higher levels of cash holdings than in the previous year is higher than the level might otherwise be. Furthermore, the effects of cash holdings on firm value are similar to those on return on asset. These results suggested that export companies have little used a way of increasing their debt levels in order to increase cash holdings. Second, the results of a multivariate regression analysis presented that the cash holdings of export companies in listed the KOSDAQ significantly influence their firm value. Moreover, a higher level of cash holdings than in the previous year significantly affect firm value. These results proposed that making higher cash holdings than in the previous year might be useful in enhancing firm value. We found that export companies efforts to increase cash holdings positively influence changes in firm value. We also found that Korean export companies maintain their financial stability by obtaining sufficient liquidity specifically in a high uncertainty era like the recent time. We finally firmed an effort to maintain cash holdings as a reasonable choice for export companies.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.97-106
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• 2016

This study analyzes on localization plans to successfully enter ASEAN market more rapidly growing than over-saturated the Asian or North American mobile game markets based on the Vietnamese market. Vietnamese smartphone market is the fastest growing in ASEAN based on its young aged population of average 28.2 year-old and low 3G service charges. Considering one of the most common activities through smartphones is the mobile game, the smartphone demand increase can be forecasted to be based on the growth of Vietnamese game market. Global strategies for exporting products to the global market can be classified into 'standardization' and 'localization'. From among these, Korean game companies are making profits by localization plan. But the Vietnamese mobile game market still has entry barriers. Therefore, this study is to contribute to Korean mobile game companies' localization plans for the Vietnamese market by finding and supplementing limits of the Vietnamese mobile game market based on literatures and statistics materials.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.143-163
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• 2006

The terms electronic trade, electronic trading and electronic commerce are often used interchangeably, and refer to trading transactions conducted using electronic media. Electronic trade is business-to-business transactions in an industrial context, while electronic commerce refers to retailing and the consumer sector as well as mass marketing. The Electronic trade process is defined as a flow of information (documents) exchanged between enterprises and trade-related firms (shipping companies, foreign exchange banks, forwarders, etc.) in the course of implementing a series of export and import procedures. Electronic trading systems exploit information technology to improve the efficiency of communications and/or to alter the nature of inter-organizational transactions. Many studies exist about the adoption of inter-organizational systems (IOS) and electronic data interchange (EDI), but few focus on electronic trade. The literature on exporting companies's electronic trade adoption and implementation, although extensive, consists mainly of exploratory studies focusing on technological characteristics such as barriers, benefits and usage. The purpose of this study is to broaden this perspective by investigating the environmental, organizational and technological drivers of business-to-business e-commerce adoption.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.67-87
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• 2019

Anti-dumping instruments among trading partners have been the subject of research by both academicians and practitioners. This study attempts to establish an early-warning model of anti-dumping against Chinese textile exporting companies, which have suffered from anti-dumping regulations and got arbitration awards. After reviewing theories of anti-dumping arbitration, early-warning and relationship marketing, the measuring items and relationship marketing model of Chinese textiles exporters are investigated. Empirical methods are selected based on early-warning theories of companies. Eighty percent of 156 valid questionnaires by surveys and interviews are used as training data via Binary-Logistic regression while the other twenty percent are validated in the model. As a result, a proper early-warning model has been established.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.391-412
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• 2010

As traditional import regulations have decreased all over the world in recent decades, the usage of "unconventional" trade protection measures has grown in the developing countries. In particular, antidumping investigations have risen rapidly and have growing in India and China. Therefore, this thesis aims to provide countermeasures to our government and Korean exporting companies by studying characteristics of antidumping. India is one of the most frequent initiators of antidumping cases by protecting their industries and impeding imports from FTA. This year, economic exchanges of Korea and India will be increasing by the conclusion of CEPA. This will lead to the increase of dispute by import regulations. Under such circumstances, to decrease Indian antidumping cases Korea will respond as follows. i)If antidumping laws, system and practice of India have injustice or are different from WTO rules, our government will have to indicate injustice and actively urge Indian government to make corrections. For example, they are continuous bilateral contact about the problems, fallacy of calculation of dumping margin, and intense investigations into cause and effect relationship and losses in dumping market, ect. ii)Our government should give more support to the small and medium exporting company which have difficulties in dealing with trade conflicts, counseling, arbitrating a lawyer. iii)Our government which is in control of domestic trade relief system should strengthen its investigation ability about new regulations and moniter import regulations of India. Over the long time, Korean companies need to export competitive advantage items of a higher value-added business and build solidarity by technology transfer. Accordingly, that will result in the decrease of trade dispute in India.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.121-132
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• 2020

Purpose - The principle aim of this study is to further investigate the relationship between market diversity and export performance. We examine the benefits and costs of geographic market diversity regarding the number of countries exported to by firms on their export performance. Based on the financial risk reduction model and the entry costs model, we propose a way to incorporate the costs and benefits aspects of market diversity. Design/methodology - To empirically investigate our research question, the curvilinear relationship between market diversity and export performance, we built a secondary panel data set between 2015 and 2019, containing 17,863 observations of Korean exporting companies. A generalized least squares panel estimator with fixed effects was employed to test the hypothesis, and the statistical package, Stata 14, was used. Findings - Our main findings are as follows: As market diversity increases, export performance increases because exporters can diversify and reduce financial risks in export markets. However, the relationship between the two does not grow. As it peaks, the entry costs increase due to the high market diversity, thereby outweighing the benefits, leading, eventually to decrease in the export performance. Consequently, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between market diversity and export performance. Originality/value - In the export and trade literature, the impact of market diversity on export performance has not been addressed yet, despite the importance of this subject. Many scholars have assumed a positive linear relationship between the two, considering only the decrease in market risks as the number of overseas markets increases, without examining the increase in the entry and management costs. Therefore, our study contributes by providing a new perspective for analyzing the characteristics and outcomes of market diversity.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.1-23
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• 2018

Forfaiting is a trade finance facility whereby financial institution purchases accounts receivable from exporters on a without recourse basis to resolve exporters' credit risk. Since the effectuation of Uniform Rules for Forfaiting(URF 800), exporting companies have been interested in forfaiting and foreign exchange banks in South Korea have expanded products related to forfaiting. However, the risk management for dealing with forfaiting needs improvement. In this paper, we will compare current forfaiting risk managements between foreign exchange banks and foreign banks in South Korea by studying the agreements for each bank and standard forfaiting agreements of the ICC. There is a significant gap for risks covered and points of reserve(points of recourse) between each bank. This work suggests the need for unification for these gaps in order to enhance risk management for exporting companies and foreign exchange banks in South Korea.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.113-138
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to analyze how the Chinese cosmetics certification system works as a Non-Tariff Barriers(NTBs) for Korean exporting companies to access the Chinese market. China is the largest market for Korea's cosmetic exports, but China's policy of protecting domestic industry has become a barrier to Korea's cosmetics exports to China. Therefore, this research, through the analysis of regulations of the Chinese certification system for imported cosmetics. revealed that there are such problems as ① information leakage ② duplication of inspection ③time delay. In order to verify those problems, surveys and face-to-face interviews with Korean cosmetic exporting companies to China have been conducted. In conclusion, Chinese cosmetics certification system not only protects its own industry, but also serves as a NTBs to disturb the access of imported cosmetics to the Chinese market in order to foster Chinese cosmetic industry.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.52-65
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper aims to study what is impacting the development of e-Government Procurement in China, the current strategies of developing Chinese Governmental e-Procurement, and to present some measures by which Korea's exporting industry could enter the Chinese procurement market. Design/methodology - This study is to provide a systematic literatures review on what is impacting the development of e-Government Procurement in China. Hence, based on western research, Chinese literiatures are used for this study. Findings - To penetrate the e-procurement of the Chinese government, the acquisition of government procurement certification is necessary. Secondly, the qualification of "Made in China" is one way to join the market. And finally for Korean companies to enter the procurement, it is necessary to provide products to the public institutions such as universities, hospitals and social organizations and to the state-owned enterprises. Originality/value - This paper aims to study what is impacting the development of the e-Government Procurement in China, the current strategies of developing Chinese Governmental e-Procurements, and to present some measures by which Korea's exporting industry could enter the Chinese procurement market. These originalities can be expected to give understanding of Chinese e-govenment procurement and insight for strategy for both Korean enterprise and relavant academic circles.