• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.363-367
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• 2011

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are regularly used in intensive care units, and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) remains a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly in preterm infants. Increased survival rate of extremely-low-birth-weight infants can be partly attributed to routine practice of CVC placement. The most common types of CVCs used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) include umbilical venous catheters, peripherally inserted central catheters, and tunneled catheters. CRBSI is defined as a laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (BSI) with either a positive catheter tip culture or a positive blood culture drawn from the CVC. BSIs most frequently result from pathogens such as gram-positive cocci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and sometimes gram-negative organisms. CRBSIs are usually associated with several risk factors, including prolonged catheter placement, femoral access, low birth weight, and young gestational age. Most NICUs have a strategy for catheter insertion and maintenance designed to decrease CRBSIs. Specific interventions slightly differ between NICUs, particularly with regard to the types of disinfectants used for hand hygiene and appropriate skin care for the infant. In conclusion, infection rates can be reduced by the application of strict protocols for the placement and maintenance of CVCs and the education of NICU physicians and nurses.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2005

Objectives & Methods : In order to evaluate the in vivo synergic effect of Mawhangyounpye-tang which was a traditional poly-herbal formula has been used in the treatment of respiratory diseases in Korea, with quinolone antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CPFX), the viable bacterial number and histopathological changes were monitored after experimental respiratory infection with Klebsiella peumoniae NCTC 9632. Results : The obtained results were as follows : 1. In CPFX group, the viable bacterial numbers were significantly decreased compared to that of control group and these were more dramatically decreased compared to that of single treatment with CPFX, respectively in concomitant treated groups with Mawhangyounpye-tang. 2. In control group, severe infiltration of inflammatory cells, hemorrhage and hypertrophy of alveolar linings were demonstrated at microscopical levels. However, these abnormal histopathological changes were significantly decreased compared to that of control group in CPFX group, and these were more dramatically decreased compared to that of single treatment with CPFX, respectively in concomitant treated groups with Mawhangyounpye-tang. 3. In CPFX group, the LSA (luminal surface of alveoli %) were significantly increased compared to that of control group and these were more dramatically decreased compared to that of single treatment with CPFX, respectively in concomitant treated groups with Mawhangyounpye-tang. Conclusions : It is considered that in vivo antibacterial activity of CPFX was dramatically increased by concomitant use of Mawhangyounpye-tang against Kebsiella pneumoniae NCTC 9632 infection of respiratory tract.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.267-274
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pasture types(mixture and mono tall fescue pasture) and endophyte infection on the animal behavior of Korean native cattle at the Experimental Field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, Suweon, in 1994. The results obtained are sumunarized as follows: DM intake of Korean native cattle was increased with mixture and endophyte-free tall fescue for both pasture types. Mixture and endophyte-free tall fescue showed good animal preference. Daily grazing time was increased with mixture and endophyte-free tall fescue in monoculture, while annual grazing period was increased with monoculture and endophyte-infect tall fescue. Amount of drinking water of Korean native cattle was increased with tall fescue monoculture rather than mixture, however the amount of drinking water was higher with endophyte-infect tall fescue in monoculture. Salt intake of Korean native cattle was increased with mixture and endophyte-6ee tall fescue in monoculture. Rectal temperature of Korean native cattle was not influenced by pasture types and endophyte infection. Based on the results of this experiment, DM intake of Korean native cattle and daily grazing time were increased by mixture and endophyte-free tall fescue with good quality.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.230-235
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• 1985

The metacercariae of an echinostomatid fluke were detected from a freshwater 6sh, Odontobutis obscura interrupta caught from the Seom river system, Wonseong-gun, Kangwon-do, and experimentally infected into rats to obtain the adult worms for the species identification. A total of 32 metacercariae was detected from 10 fishes (27.8%) out of 36 O. obscura interrupta caught from the river. The average size of metacercariae was $153.4{\times}149.0{\;}{\mu}{\textrm{m}}$. Also, it was uniquely specific that thickened membrane was formed around the metacercarial cyst wall. The rats orally infected with those metacercariae were sacrificed 20 days after infection to get the adult worms. The mean length and width of the adult worms were 0.75 cm and 0.13 cm, respectively. The number of collar spines on circumoral disk was 26 to 28, and the end group spines at lateral sides of the oral sucker were 4 on each side. The echinostomatid flukes observed in this study were all identified as Echinostoma hortense according to the morphologies of the cirrus sac, ovary, vitellaria and testes of the adult worms and the shape of eggs. On the other hand, O. obscura interrupta is one of the fresh-water fish that are preferably eaten raw by the rural inhabitants. Although no human case of 5. hortense infection by eating O. obscura interrupta has been experienced yet, the possibility is strongly suggested in this study.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.509-514
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• 2016

From the point of view to prevent airborne infection-related diseases such as H1N1, SARS, and MERS, an actual application of air cleaning and purification systems including technologies like UVGI has become increasingly important. Recently, an air purification system using REME (Reflective Electro Magnetic Energy) developed in the U.S. is applied for indoor air purification and sterilization technology to counteract the outbreak of new airborne infections. In this study, an air sterilization performance experiment using REME was carried out. The results verified that air sterilization performance in the case of installing a REME system in a medical center was 31%, namely the number of floating bacteria decreased by 31% after only a five-day operation. In addition, the number of culture collections in the REME operating air conditioning systems using nonpathogenic Geobacillus stearothemophilus as a biological indicator decreased maximally to 67%. A field application of REME technology will be useful to prevent airborne infection-related diseases, especially in response to public health crises due to the advent of emerging diseases.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2007

Leishmania (L.) tropica is a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and occasionally of visceral or viscerotropic leishmaniasis in humans. Murine models of Leishmania infection have been proven to be useful for elucidation of mechanisms for pathogenesis and immunity in leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to establish a murine model for human viscerotropic leishmaniasis, and the growth pattern of L. tropica was studied in different tissues of BALB/c mice in order to find out whether the parasite visceralizes in this murine model. L. major was used as a control as this species is known to cause a progressive infection in BALB/c mice. L. tropica or L. major was injected into the footpad of mice, and thickness of footpad, parasite loads in different tissues, and the weight of the spleen and lymph node were determined at different intervals. Results showed that L. tropica visceralizes to the spleen and grows there while its growth is controlled in footpad tissues. Dissemination of L. tropica to visceral organs in BALB/c mice was similar to the growth patterns of this parasite in human viscerotropic leishmaniasis. The BALB/c model of L. tropica infection may be considered as a good experimental model for human diseases.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권9호
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• pp.459-467
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• 2021

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is the most common cause of childhood bacterial pneumonia. Although macrolide is known to be effective as a first-line therapy, the proportion of macrolide resistance in MP pneumonia has strikingly increased during recent 2 decades in East Asia. This is challenging to physicians since they have to decide more often whether to use secondary treatment. Diagnostic methods to detect macrolide-resistance of MP are currently not available in Korean hospitals. Even in the diagnosis of MP infection, both serologic and molecular test have limitation: inability to differentiate current illness from carriage or asymptomatic infection. Combining these 2 diagnostic methods and excluding infection caused by other respiratory pathogens allow a more reliable diagnosis. This effort is even more demanding in recent years to keep children from unnecessary exposure to secondary antibiotics. Although several observational studies have reported that tetracycline and fluoroquinolone, which are considered in the treatment of refractory MP pneumonia, have efficacy of shortening the duration of fever and respiratory symptoms, those findings need to be proven by well-designed prospective studies. The use of tetracycline and fluoroquinolone in children is generally tolerable, as supported by many observational data. However, since concerns about side effects still remain, careful consideration about benefits and risks is needed to decide their use.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.7-17
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• 1985

이 실험의 목적은 요충감염에 있어 감염 일자별 충체의 구충제 감수성, 특히 초기단계 충체의 감수성을 관찰하는 것이다. 이와함께 각 감염 일자별로 배출되는 충체의 발육상태를 관찰하여 감염기간별 발육 양상을 관찰하는 것도 이 실험의 또 다른 목적이다. 경기도 안양시 소재보육원 원아에서 살아있는 요중 암놈을 수집, 충란을 분리하고 부란기에서 3∼5일이 경과하여 유충이 형성된 충란을 약 500개섹 세었다. 이 실험의 대상으로 자원한 남자 19명 (17∼45세)에게 세어 놓은 충란을 투여하였다. 감염자는 '절란텍"치료군, "메벤다졸"치료군 및 대조군으로 나누었다. 각 치료군에 대해서는 감염후 4일, 8일, 16일, 20일, 24일, 28일, 32일 및 35일에 각 구충제를 투여하였다. 실험감염후 40일째 되는 날 대조군을 포함한 대상자 모두에게 '지르비늄"을 투여하여 감염을 완전히 중단시켰다. 카 약제 투여 후에는 그후 3일간의 대변을 수집하고 배출되는 요충충체를 수집하였다. 그 숫자를 세고, 충체의 발육정도를 관찰하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 이 실험에서 감염율은 대조군에서 0.6∼13. l%이었다. 감염 일자별로 수집한 충체의 발육단계가 모두 일정한 단계의 범위안에 있어 이번 실험에서 얻은 충체는 모두 실험감염의 결과 감염되어 발육한 충체라고 판단하였다. 2. "메벤다졸"을 감염후 4일, 8일, 16일에 투여한 예에서는 대조군에서 배출한 충체수의 37.5%, 2.5%, 및 67.5%가 40일째에 배출되 었다. 그 이후에 투약한 예에서는 투약 직후에는 충체가 배출되 었으나 감염 40일째에 투약한 후에는 충체배출을 하지 않았다. 3. '지란텔"을 감염후 4일, 8일, 16일, 24일, 28일, 32일 및 35일에 투여한 예에서는 대조군에서 배출한 충체수 의 90.7%, 25%, 45.5%, 8%, 2.7%, 5% 및 29.3%를 배출하고 있었다. 4. 배출된 충체는 모두 암놈이 었다. 충체의 길이는 일자별로 20일에서 40일째까지 일정한 양상으로 발육하고 있었고, 각 일자별, 증례별로 충체 길이는 정규분포 형식으로 분포하고 있었다. 이상의 소견에서 요충 암놈의 인체내 발육기간은 40일 이상이고 감염후 16일째까지의 어린 충체는"메벤다졸"이 나 "피란텔"에 대해서 정도의 차이는 있으나 치료에 저항한다고 결론을 내릴 수 있었다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1996

$\beta$-glucan의 투여가 세균감염증에 대한 저항성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 복강주사 또는 침지에 의해 한국산 메기(Silurus asotus)에 투여하였다. 투여 농도는 어체중 100 g 당 200, 500, $1000{\mu}g$을 1회 또는 3일 간격으로 2회 복강주사하거나, $100{\mu}g$/ml의 $\beta$-glucan 부유액에 30분 또는 1시간 침지시켰다. $\beta$-glucan 투여 3일후에 Edwardsiella ictaluri와 Aeromonas hydrophila의 생균액($2{\times}106$ CFU/0.1 ml)을 복강주사한 다음 10일간 사육하면서 생존율을 조사하였다. 복강주사와 침지에 의한 투여결과 복장투여만이 생잔율을 높일 수 있었으며, 투여 농도에 있어 어체중 100 g당 $200\sim1000{\mu}g$의 범위에 있어서는 농도간에 차이가 없었다. 또한 투여회수는 1회 투여보다는 3일간격으로 2회 투여가 효과적이었으며, E. ictaluri보다는 A. hydrophila에 대한 저항성이 높은 것으로 나타나, 한국산 메기에 $\beta$-glucan을 복강투여함으로서 세균감염증의 초기단계에 있어 생잔율을 높일 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.389-396
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• 1991

인체아니사키스증은 우리나라에서도 드물지 않게 발생하나 과거에는 수술에 의한 충체의 확인만이 진단이자 치료이어서 진단에 많은 어려움을 겪었다. 그러나 위내시경이 진단과 치료에 이용되면서 많은 중례의 발견을 가져오게 되었다. 그러나 증상이 심하지 않을 경우나 위내시경의 삽입이 어려운 장(장) 아니사키중 또는 만성 아니사키스중을 진단하기 위해서는 혈청학적 방법이 필요하다. 이 연구는 아니사키스중의 혈청학적 진단연구를 위해 붕장어에서 채집한 유충을 토끼에 10마리섹 감염시키고 IsM, IgG 항체의 출현시기와 변화양상을 ELISA와 SDS-PAGE/immunoblot으로 관찰하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. ELISA에 의하여 측정한 19M 항체는 감염 6일부터 증가하여 11일째 최고치에 도달한 후 35일 이후에는 감 염 전의 수준으로 저하하였고 IgG 항체가는 감염 6일부터 증가하여 26일째 최고치에 도달한 후 95일까지 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 2. 7.5∼15% SDS-PAGE에서 아니사키스추출액은 최소 41개 이상의 단백분회 을 나타냈으며 195, 145, 110, 104, 73, 69, 49, 42.5, 40, 34, 30, 24, 20, 16, 14 kDa가 주 분획이었다. 3. Immunoblot에 의해 IgM 항체에 반응하는 주 band는 168, 95, 74, 64, 51, 47, 34 kDa의 5개 band이었다. 4. IgG 항체와 반응하는 항원 분획은 11개 이상 관찰되었고 그 중 168, 92, 85, 64, 58, 52, 42, 40 kDa가 강한 반응을 보였다. 5. 아니사키스추출액 항원과 다른 기생충성 질환자 혈청과의 교차반응은 관찰할 수 없었다.