• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.167-179
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• 2010

Objective : The present study has been undertaken to investigate the preventive effects of Daekumeumja on fatty degeneration of liver and immunosuppression induced by alcohol in rats. Method : Except for the normal group, we fed rat on 25% alcohol for 55 days. And Daekumeumja(DK) extract was administrated for the same period. We measured the serum component in rat's blood, weight of internal organs, liver triglyceride contents, histomorphometry and histopathological observation of internal organs. Results : 1. In the change measurement of serum components, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant decrease of AST, ALT, albumin, ALP and triglyceride in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. 2. In the change measurement of internal organ's weight, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant increase of relative body weights of liver, thymus and spleen in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. 3. DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant decrease of hepatic triglyceride contents in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. 4. In histomorphometrical changes of liver, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant decrease of numbers of hepatocytes occupied by over 10% lipid droplets, percentages of regions occupied by lipid droplets and mean diameters of hepatocytes in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. In histomorphometrical changes of thymus, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant increase of lobular thickness and cortex thickness in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. In histomorphometrical changes of spleen, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant increase of splenic thicknesses, numbers of white pulps and mean diameters of white pulps in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. 5. In histopathological changes of liver, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed effective inhibition of severe fatty changes in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. In histopathological changes of thymus and spleen, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed effective inhibition of atrophic changes in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. Conclusions : Reviewing these experimental results, it appears that Daekumeumja have pharmaceutical preventive efficacy on fatty degeneration of liver and immunosuppression induced by alcohol in rats.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 1992

The present study was examined to clarify the role of calcium ion as a factor for the maturation of mouse oocytes. Follicles and cumulus-enclosed oocytes were isolated with two sharp needles under a stereomicroscope from female mouse (ICR) ovaries which were treated PMSG 5 IU 45-46 hours previously. Isolated follicles and cumulus-enclosed oocytes were cultured for 14-16 hours in an organ culture system at $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air and 100% humudified in incubator. MHBS was the basic medium used from which A23187, verapamil, $NiCl_{2.}$ $6H_2O$ and $LaCl_{3.}$ $7H_2O$ were added depending on the experimental groups. In follicle- or cumulus-enclosed oocytes wre cultured in these differently treated media. Following results were obtained from the present study. 1. The calcium ionophore A23187 directly or indirectly seems to stimulate GVBD of follicle-enclosed mouse oocytes. Increasing concentration of ionophore A23187 1ed to an increase in oocytes degeneration from the cumulus-enclosed mouse oocytes. 2. The organic $Ca^{++}$ channel blocker, verapamil does not induce GVBD of follicle-enclosed mouse oocytes. Specially, higher dose of 1 mM verapamil induced GVBD of follicle-enclosed mouse oocytes. However, cytoplasm of GVBD oocytes in 1 mM verapamil treated groups appeared shrunk. In the cumulus-enclosed oocytes, polar body formation was reduced in verapamil treated groups and degeneration increased. Verapamil inhibit oocyte maturation (polar body formation). 3. The $Ca^{++}$ inhibitor, Nickel ($NiCl_{2.}$ $6H_2O$) inhibits maturation of the follicle-enclosed oocytes. In the cumulus-enclosed oocytes the progression to MII (PB formation) was reduced and degeneration of mouse oocytes increased as the concentration of $Ni^{++}$ increase. The results indicates that nickel act as an inhibitor of calcium. 4. The $Ca^{++}$ inhibitors, Lanthanum ($LaCl_{3.}$ $7H_2O$) has shown different effect from that of nickel. In follicle-enclosed oocytes, 0.01mM lanthanum induced maturation of mouse oocytes. Polar body formation was reduced in the cumulus-enclosed oocytes all lanthanum treated group.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2013

This study was conducted to find out the changes of survivorship, respiration and organ structure of Mactra veneriformis exposed to copper (Cu). Experimental period was four weeks. Experimental groups were composed of one control condition and three copper exposure conditions (0.025, 0.050 and 0.100 mg/L). The results of the study confirmed that copper induces reduction of survival rate and respiration rate and histopathology of organ structure of the bivalve. In the copper concentration of 0.100 mg/L, mortality was 100% after Cu exposure of 3 weeks. Respiration rate was observed exposure groups lower than control decline by 75%. Histological analysis of organ system illustrated expansion of hemolymph sinus, disappearance of epidermal layer and degeneration of connective tissue layer of the mantle. Also, histological degenerations as epithelial necrosis and hyperplasia of mucous cells are recognized in the gill and it was observed expansion of hemolymph sinus, disruption of epithelial layer, decrease of mucous cell and degeneration of connective tissue layer in the foot. In the digestive diverticulum, it was showed atrophy of basophilic cell and degeneration of epithelial cell in the digestive tubules, and as the concentration of copper increased the accumulation of lipofuscin increased.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 1996

This study was performed on the mouse to estimate the effect of UV radiation on the cornea in UV clean bench by LM & SEM. The results are as follows In the control groups, The cornea tissue have relatively compact and each layer have well identify, and the thick of cornea have constant. In the increasing experimental time, the experimental result have very different. The early experimental groups results have not severely degeneration. But, some substrate layer have a swelling and some epithelial tissue have not normal shape. The middle experimental groups results have very swelling of the stroma, the vacoule of some region the condensation of the epithelium, and the irregular arrangement of the endothelium. The last experimental groups results have shirinking of cornea tissue, the swelling and vacoule of the end endothelium, the partially disruption of epithelium, the irregular thick of the corneal tissue.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1980

This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a few disinfectant on amputated pulps of domestic dogs. The materials employed for the purpose were zinc oxide eugenol paste, calcium hydroxide as control groups and guaiacol (1%, 5%, 10% by weight) added zinc oxide eugenol paste and formaldehyde (1%, 5%, 10% by weight) added calcium hydroxide as experimental groups. Following were the results obtained throngh histo-pathological examination. 1) In calcium hydroxide-formaldehyde groups, secondary dentin formation was observed in the 2 weeks, but the remaining pulp tissue was severely atrophied according to the concentration of formaldehyde and the time increased. 2) In zinc oxide eugenol-guaiacol groups, the first evidence of secondary dentin formation was observed in the 3 weeks. It seems that the concentration variety of guaiacol influenced very little to the potential ability of dentin formation. 3) Except 1% formaldehyde containing calcium hydroxide group, every group showed severe pulp degeneration. In all groups of zinc oxide eugenol-guaiacol cases revealed the tendency of recovery.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the expression of neurotrophic factors after spinal cord injury. Sprague-Dawley male rats were given a spinal cord hemisection and randomly divided into 2 groups, the control and experimental groups. The experimental group was administered a fifteen minutes session of pulsed electromagnetic field once a day, five days a week. In order to observe the effect of these pulsed electromagnetic fields, this study observed the BDNF expression in the rat's lumbar spinal cord and the H&E staining in the gastrocnemius at 3, 7, 14, 21 days group after spinal cord hemisection. The results of this showed that the immunoreactivity of the BDNF in the rat's spinal cord gradually increased in each group. At 21 days, there is a significant difference between the control and experimental groups. The morphological shape of the gastrocnemius was gradually changed from 3days to 21days, and the gastrocnemius at 21 days was significantly degraded. However, the experimental group showed a slightly more organized gastrocnemius than the control group at 21days. The Results of this study suggest that pulsed electromagnetic field application decreases the degeneration of a rat's gastrocnemius morphology, and increases the immunoreactivity of the BDNF in the rat's spinal cord after spinal cord hemisection.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2018

Objective This study was aimed to provide the information about Cheongsimyeonja-tang by domestic papers and theses. Method 50 Domestic papers related to Cheongsimyeonja-tang were selected according to the criteria. These papers were classified and analyzed by research designs, methods and results. Result The following results were obtained in this study. 1. 19 experimental studies on the effect of Cheongsimyeonja-tang were mainly focused on anti-aging, followed by anti-allergy, anti-inflammation, improvement of immune system. And there were 4 experimental studies on the safety of Cheongsimyeonja-tang, proving safety by acute toxicity test, nephrotoxicity test, drug interaction, and test of residual ingredients after decoction. 2. 25 clinical studies on the effect of Cheongsimyeonja-tang were mainly focused on cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases, followed by psychiatric and otologic disorder, dermatologic and musculoskeletal diseases. Also, there were 2 studies on the effect of Cheongsimyeonja-tang for diabetes insipidus, macular degeneration, digestive disorder in terminal cancer, drug-induced hepatitis. 3. More evidenced studies on Cheongsimyeonja-tang are needed and it is recommended that psychiatric questionnaire should be used for assessing the effects of Cheongsimyeonja-tang.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.134-142
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• 1991

We surveyed the antibody titers in the slaughtered pigs by enzyme immunodiffusion method for the epidemiological distribution of Aujeszky's disease in Korea. And also we observed the clinical symptoms, histopathological findings and antibody titers by serologic neutralization test in experimental animals infected with Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV) isolated from Korea. The results of the experiments were summarized as follows. 1. We detected 2 pigs infected with ADV of 1000 in 1990 and 1 of 600 in 1991 by enzyme immunodiffusion method. 2. In histopathological findings of experimental animals inoculated ADV, the typical characteristics of Aujeszky's disease were not observed in pig, but edema and degeneration in the epidermis were observed in rats, vasculoendotheriosis, perivascular cuffing and cellular infiltration in the cerebrum were appeared in rabbits and perivascular cuffing and forcal infiltration of glial cells in the cerebrum were appeared in mice. 3. The increasing antibody titers(1 : 64) in the serological neutralization test were ascertained in 2 carrier pigs inoculated ADV. 4. Rabbits, mice and rats died all about 5 days after inoculation, but pigs and chickens didn't die. 5. In 1 cat and 2 rabbits inoculated with the Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV), the typical clinical findings of Aujeszky's disease were observed in rabbit, but not in cat and so we slaughtered without any signs of Aujeszky's disease.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1969

Occlusal force is a critical factor affecting the condition and structure of the periodontium. When the occlusal forces exceed the physiologic adaptive capacity of the tissues, tissue damage ensues. Such damage is referred to as trauma from occlusion. Excessive pressure causes compression, degeneration and realignment of the periodontal ligament fibers so that they are paralleled perpendicular to the tooth and bone. By inducing excessive occlusal forces with a high amalgam filling on rat's molar, the author observed histologic alterations of the periodontal ligament fibers by means of Hematoxylin-eosin, Van Gieson and Aldenyde fuchsin stainings. The results of the study were observed as follows: 1) The excessive occlusal forces altered arrangement of the collagenous fibers. 2) The arrangement of the oblique fibers showed appreciable differences between the control group and the group subjected to 10 days experimental trauma from occlusion. 3) The realignment of the transseptal fibers was not found. 4) The arrangement of the oblique fibers after 15 days of trauma from occusion was similar to that of 10 days experimental group. 5) The oxytalan fibers were more abundant at the cementum rather than at the alveolar bone. 6) The excessive occlusal forces produced funnel-shaped widening of the oxytalan fibers, which followed wavy course. 7) The oxytalan fibers appeared to be distributed mainly around the middle third of the root rather than that of the apical third of the root during the experimental trauma from occlusion.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.101-109
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• 2014

The use of glucocorticoids (GCs) in the perinatal period is suspected of being associated with adverse effects on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants. Repeated administration of antenatal GCs to mothers at risk of preterm birth may adversely affect fetal growth and head circumference. Fetal exposure to excess GCs during critical periods of brain development may profoundly modify the limbic system (primarily the hippocampus), resulting in long-term effects on cognition, behavior, memory, co-ordination of the autonomic nervous system, and regulation of the endocrine system later in adult life. Postnatal GC treatment for chronic lung disease in premature infants, particularly involving the use of dexamethasone, has been shown to induce neurodevelopmental impairment and increases the risk of cerebral palsy. In contrast to studies involving postnatal dexamethasone, long-term follow-up studies for hydrocortisone therapy have not revealed adverse effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes. In experimental studies on animals, GCs has been shown to impair neurogenesis, and induce neuronal apoptosis in the immature brains of newborn animals. A recent study has demonstrated that dexamethasone-induced hypomyelination may result from the apoptotic degeneration of oligodendrocyte progenitors in the immature brain. Thus, based on clinical and experimental studies, there is enough evidence to advice caution regarding the use of GCs in the perinatal period; and moreover, the potential long-term effects of GCs on brain development need to be determined.