• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.655-660
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• 2005

This paper studied the feature parameters less affected by the emotional variation for the development of the robust speech recognition technologies. For this purpose, the effect of emotional variation on the speech recognition system and robust feature parameters of speech recognition system were studied using speech database containing various emotions. In this study, LPC cepstral coefficient, met-cepstral coefficient, root-cepstral coefficient, PLP coefficient, RASTA met-cepstral coefficient were used as a feature parameters. And CMS and SBR method were used as a signal bias removal techniques. Experimental results showed that the HMM based speaker independent word recognizer using RASTA met-cepstral coefficient :md its derivatives and CMS as a signal bias removal showed the best performance of $7.05\%$ word error rate. This corresponds to about a $52\%$ word error reduction as compare to the performance of baseline system using met - cepstral coefficient.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.2621-2626
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• 2013

This paper has presented the potential distribution for asymmetric double gate(DG) MOSFET, and sloved Poisson equation to obtain the analytical solution of potential distribution. The symmetric DGMOSFET where both the front and the back gates are tied together is three terminal device and has the same current controllability for front and back gates. Meanwhile the asymmetric DGMOSFET is four terminal device and can separately determine current controllability for front and back gates. To approximate with experimental values, we have used the Gaussian function as doping distribution in Poisson equation. The potential distribution has been observed for gate bias voltage and gate oxide thickness and channel doping concentration of the asymmetric DGMOSFET. As a results, we know potential distribution is greatly changed for gate bias voltage and gate oxide thickness, especially for gate to increase gate oxide thickness. Also the potential distribution for source is changed greater than one of drain with increasing of channel doping concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.636-644
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• 1997

The effect of various processing parameters, in particular the substrate and filament temperature, on the nucleation of diamond has been studied for the hot filament CVD process with a negative bias on the substrate. As far as the substrate temperature was maintained around the critical temperature of 73$0^{\circ}C$, the nucleation of diamond increased with increasing filament temperature. The maximum nucleation density of ~ 2$\times$109/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was obtained under the condition of filament temperature of 230$0^{\circ}C$, substrate temperature of 75$0^{\circ}C$, bias voltage of 300V, methane concentration of 20%, and deposition time of 2 hours. This nucleation density is about the same as those obtained in previous investigations. For fixed substrate temperatures, the nucleation density varies up to about 103 times depending on experimental conditions. This result is different from that of Reinke, et al. When the substrate temperature was above 80$0^{\circ}C$, a silkworm~shaped carbon phase was co-deposited with hemispherical microcrystalline diamond, and its amount increased with increasing substrate temperature. The Raman spectrum of the silkworm-shaped carbon was the same as that of graphitic soot. The silkworm-shaped carbon was etched and disappeared under the same as that of graphitic soot. The silkworm-shaped carbon was etched and disappeared under the deposition condition of diamond, implying that it did not affect the nucleation of diamond.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2008

In this paper, we carried out the performance evaluation of depolarized fiber optic gyroscope(D-FOG) that was designed and fabricated with the low-cost optical communication single mode fiber and depolarizer. In order to reduce the phase error of D-FOG, the circuit of stabilized current and temperature of the light source was made and the performance was analyzed. The current and the temperature stability of the fabricated stabilization circuit were less than $200{\mu}A$ and $0.0098^{\circ}C$, respectively. Also, the D-FOG's experimental result showed that the value of the dynamic range of rotated rate, the scale factor error with a good linearity, and the zero bias drift were ${\pm}50^{\circ}/s$, 2.8881%, and $19.49^{\circ}/h$, respectively. The results indicated that a low-cost FOG was able to fabricate which was more cost effective than conventional FOG with a high-cost high-birefringent polarization maintaining fiber.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2015

Objectives We have attempted to provide the basis of treatment effects by considering foreign & domestic randomized controlled trials (RCTs), being implemented with catgut-embedding therapy for lumbar disc herniation. Methods We found the literatures prepared in Korean, English, and Chinese by December 2014 in electronic databases (Pubmed, Science Direct, Proquest, OASIS, KMbase, NDSL, RISS, National Assembly Library). We choosed RCTs by selection criteria through abstracts & articles, extracted and analyzed data. Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool was used & implemented for the risk of bias. Results The total of 17 studies were included in the review. 88.2% of studies were accomplished within the last decade. The experimental group has shown more significant effects in 70.6% of studies, and the long-term & partial significant results were obtained in 29.4% of studies. Affected lumbar area and pelvic limb area with radiating pain were mostly selected for acupoint. Conclusions Overall and partial significant results were obtained from 17 foreign & domestic comparative RCTs which substantiates the treatment effects of catgut-embedding therapy for lumbar disc herniation. Since all studies, however, were exposed to the risk of bias, so future research of higher quality shall be necessary.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2020

In this study, the characteristics of ITO thin film was investigated to finding a low cost and highly transparent electrodes for display of mobile communication devices. The ITO film was deposited by DC magnetron sputter. The experimental conditions were changed as follows: 1. ambient pressure changed 1 to 3 mTorr with 1mTorr step, 2. bias electric voltage changed with 10V step. The chamber was pumped out by rotary pump until 10^-3Torr then the diffusion pump was used to lower the pressure of 10^-6Torr. The results shows us the film growth was obvious when the bias voltage was larger than 300V, but the overall thickness tendency was existed: the more voltage is the thicker thickness. At 330V bias voltage condition, the deposition rate was the largest and apparent grain was showed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.691-694
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• 2013

This paper has presented the potential distribution for asymmetric double gate(DG) MOSFET, and sloved Poisson equation to obtain the analytical solution of potential distribution. The symmetric DGMOSFET where both the front and the back gates are tied together is three terminal device and has the same current controllability for front and back gates. Meanwhile the asymmetric DGMOSFET is four terminal device and can separately determine current controllability for front and back gates. To approximate with experimental values, we have used the Gaussian function as charge distribution in Poisson equation. The potential distribution has been observed for gate bias voltage and gate oxide thickness and channel doping concentration of the asymmetric DGMOSFET. As a results, we know potential distribution is greatly changed for gate bias voltage and gate oxide thickness, especially for gate to increase gate oxide thickness. Also the potential distribution for source is changed greater than one of drain with increasing of channel doping concentration.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.314-335
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of students' prior knowledge on scientific reasoning process performing a task of controlling variables with computer simulation and to identify a number of problems that students encounter in scientific discovery. Subjects for this study included 60 Korean students: 27 fifth-grade students from an elementary school; 33 seventh-grade students from a middle school. The sinking objects task involving multivariable causal inference was used. The task was presented as computer simulation. The fifth and seventh-grade students participated individually. A subject was interviewed individually while the investigating a scientific reasoning task. Interviews were videotaped for subsequent analysis. The results of this study indicated that students' prior knowledge had a strong effect on students' experimental intent; the majority of participants focused largely on demonstrating their prior knowledge or their current hypothesis. In addition, studnets' theories that were part of one's prior knowledge had significant impact on formulating hypotheses, testing hypothesis, evaluating evidence, and revising hypothesis. This study suggested that students' performance was characterized by tendencies to generate uninformative experiments, to make conclusion based on inconclusive or insufficient evidence, to ignore, reject, or reinterpret data inconsistent with their prior knowledge, to focus on causal factors and ignore noncausal factors, to have difficulty disconfirming prior knowledge, to have confirmation bias and inference bias (anchoring bias).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.681-686
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• 2012

This paper studied the speech parameters less affected by the human emotion for the development of the robust emotional speech recognition system. For this purpose, the effect of emotion on the speech recognition system and robust speech parameters of speech recognition system were studied using speech database containing various emotions. In this study, mel-cepstral coefficient, delta-cepstral coefficient, RASTA mel-cepstral coefficient, root-cepstral coefficient, PLP coefficient and frequency warped mel-cepstral coefficient in the vocal tract length normalization method were used as feature parameters. And CMS (Cepstral Mean Subtraction) and SBR(Signal Bias Removal) method were used as a signal bias removal technique. Experimental results showed that the HMM based speaker independent word recognizer using frequency warped RASTA mel-cepstral coefficient in the vocal tract length normalized method, its derivatives and CMS as a signal bias removal showed the best performance.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2021

Objectives Purpose of our study is to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effect of Chuna manual therapy (CMT) for lymphedema. Methods A study search of 10 databases was performed. We included the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which performed CMT for lymphedema in this study. The keywords used were 'chuna' or 'tuina' and 'lymphedema'. Two independent authors rated study quality and risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results 9 appropriate RCTs were remained after screening. The therapeutic effects of the experimental group was statistically higher than that of the control group with functional exercise or taking western medicine. Subjective symptom score was also lower in the CMT group. Conclusions These results suggests that CMT has sufficient evidence that it is more effective in prevent or alleviating symptoms of lymphedema than conventional treating methods. However, due to the high risk of bias of included studies, further researches are needed with higher quality of evidence.