• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2009

본 연구는 골프장의 적정 코스관리 비용을 구명하고 국내 골프장 29개의 홀당 내장객당 비용과 골프장 8개의 항목별 및 장소별 비용을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 홀 당 내장객이 증가할수록 홀 내장객당 비용이 감소하는 경향을 보여 주었다. 2. 골프장 코스관리 비용을 결정하는 인자는 연 내장객, 코스면적, 운영형태, 코스자동화 시설 등이다. 3. 골프장의 단위면적당 코스관리 비용은 869원이었다. 4. 8개 골프장의 홀 당 평균 코스관리 비용은 44,325,000원이었다. 5. 골프장 코스관리 비용 중 인건비 비중이 가장 높았으며 인건비중 그린의 볼마크 보수 인건비가 홀 당 평균 4,163,000원 (26%)으로 가장 높았다. 6. 골프장 총 코스면적의 평균 30% 정도를 차지하는 페어웨이에 사용되는 재료비가 총 재료비용의 $22%{\sim}44%$이며 그중 수입비료, 병충해 방제농약, 배토용 모래등의 구입비가 가장 많았다. 7. 총 코스면적의 평균 2% 정도를 차지하는 그린에 사용되는 재료비가 총 재료비용의 $28%{\sim}36%$이며, 입자형 비료, 미량원소비료, 토양개량제 등의 수입 제품으로 인해 그 구입비가 가장 많았다. 8. 농약 대용으로 미생물, 키토산 등의 친환경제제가 대신 사용된 경우 비용에서는 큰 차이가 없었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2013

An effective signal detection algorithm with low complexity is presented for multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. The proposed technique, QR-MLD, combines the conventional maximum likelihood detection (MLD) algorithm and the QR algorithm, resulting in much lower complexity compared to MLD. The proposed technique is compared with a similar algorithm, showing that the complexity of the proposed technique with T=1 is a 95% improvement over that of MLD, at the expense of about a 2-dB signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) degradation for a bit error rate (BER) of $10^{-3}$. Additionally, with T=2, the proposed technique reduces the complexity by 73% for multiplications and 80% for additions and enhances the SNR performance about 1 dB for a BER of $10^{-3}$.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Objectives : This study examined relations between investment efficiency and management performance as indexes related to productivity of Korean regional public hospitals. Methods : The analysis data are financial information of Korean regional public hospitals from 2011 to 2014. For the indicators, value added to total assets, value added to productive activity tangible fixed assets, and value added to personnel expenses, operating margin to revenues, net profit to total earnings, and ratio of value added. Results : Significant relevance was not shown among indicators of investment efficiency. However, Significant relevance was shown between value added to personnel expense and productivity per value added. Conclusions : It confirmed that outside support funds like subsidy did not have effect on improving the management performance. Also, it could be known that availability about input of capital and labor was not realized organically.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 1999

Thermal behavior of dickite was studied by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microprobe analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, Dickite has an endothermic peak at about$ 650^{\circ}C$ and an exothermic one at $960^{\circ}C$ in the differential thermal analysis. The endothermic reaction is assigned to the decomposition of dickite to meta-dickite. Hydroxyl radicals are removed from dickite structure by the reaction, resulting in the weight loss about 10.5~14.5% and appearance of a 14$\AA$ phase different from other kaolin minerals. The reaction slowly proceed in the range of $200^{\circ}C$. As the completion of decomposition, aciclular mullite forms at the expense of meta-dickite plates with random crystallographic relationship. Mullites have diverse silica versus alumina ratio. The exothermic reaction without weight loss seems to be due to the formation of spinel and amorphous silica. The spinel phase shows cryptocrystalline globular morphology accompanying a little amount of silica. From spinel phase shows cryptocrystalling globular morphology accompanying a little amount of silica. From this work, it is suggested that mullite is formed from meta-dickite much lower temperature than the reported one in the previous works.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.147-155
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• 1986

Nations, especially developing countries, hope to license the technology developed at the expense of government Research and Development (R&D) investment to the corresponding firms for commercial exploitation. Since commercial process is owing to lots of risk, firms have to grope the possibility of forming a partnership in order to reduce the risk. Therefore, a joint venture between firms would be needed to share the risk. This methodology suggests a way that probabilistic information of commercial project payoffs can be obtained using experts in project evaluation committee and the ratio of individual firm's investment size can be derived using risk sharing concept. Also simple examples are given.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.155-172
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• 2000

Mode interactions at Unstable fluid interfaces induced by a shock wave (Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability) are studied both analytically and numerically. The analytical approach is based on a potential flow model with source singularities in incompressible fluids of infinite density ratio. The potential flow model shows that a single bubble has a decaying growth rates at late time and an asymptotic constant radius. Bubble interactions, bubbles of different radii propagates with different velocities and the leading bubbles grow in size at the expense of their neighboring bubbles, are predicted by the potential flow model. This phenomenon is validated by full numerical simulations of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in compressible fluids for initial multi-frequency perturbations on the unstable interface.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.148-153
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• 2012

When the number of items of same type of industrial property is quite large, calculating depreciation for a group of such items may be more efficient than depreciating each item separately. Several different depreciation systems may be used for group depreciation. If the life of each vintage in an account are not estimated, then the BG procedure can be used; the BG procedure puts all vintages of the same type of property into a single broad group for depreciation purposes. In this case, only an estimate of the PASL and the net salvage ratio for all the property in the broad group is needed to calculate the depreciation charge.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.146-157
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• 1988

북서 태평양에 분포하는 반 원양성 점토의 심해저 시추 코어를 이용한 공극율, 음파전달속도, 속도 비등방성, 전기비저항, 비저항 비등방성에 대한 성질이 측정 되었다. 음파속도와 비저항은 퇴적물 깊이에 따라 증가하고 반대로 공극율은 감소한다. 깊이에 따른 속도와 비저항의 비등방성의 변화양상은 거의 비슷하다. 수평방향으로 발달된 얇고 긴 공극과 일정한 방향성을 가지고 배열하는 점토광물이 속도의 비등방성의 원인이 될 수 있음이 제시되었다.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 1991년도 추계연구발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.12-16
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• 1991

The advantage of the controlled permanent magnet system for magnetic levitation is the considerable improvement in levitation force to weight ratio and the reduced rating of the on-board power supply. A combined support and guidance technique with selfstable guide behaviour reduce the expense of control and power electronics. An important feature of this system is the simplified mechanical construction of track and the vehicle does not embrace the guide way. Therefore surface mounted as well as elevated tracks are possible. The magnet was designed to provide a lift force of 750kg for a 3 ton prototype vehicle with 4 magnets by KERI and built by Dae-Bo Magnetic Co., LTD. The paper also describes the assembling technology for permanent magnets, the experimental setup and test results for lift force, guidance force and flux distribution.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2011

Base station coordination has received much attention as a means to reduce the inter-cell interference in cellular networks. However, this interference reducing ability comes at the expense of increased feedback, backhaul load and computational complexity. The degree of coordination is therefore limited in practice. In this paper, we explore the trade-off between capacity and feedback load in a cellular network with coordination clusters. Our main interest lies in a scenario with multiple fading users in each cell. The results indicate that a large fraction of the total gain can be achieved by a significant reduction in feedback. We also find an approximate expression for the distribution of the instantaneous signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and propose a new effective scheduling algorithm.