• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.298-305
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• 2022

Background: The concentration of air pollutants as measured by the Air Quality Monitoring System (AQMS) is not an accurate population exposure level since actual human activities and temporal and spatial variability need to be considered. Therefore, to increase the accuracy of exposure assessment, the population should be considered. However, it is difficult to obtain population data due to limitations such as personal information. Objectives: The existing population defined in this study is the number of people in each region's grid. The purpose is to provide a methodology for evaluating exposure to PM_2.5 through existing population data provided by the National Geographic Information Institute. Methods: The selected study period was from October 26 to October 28, 2021. Using PM_2.5 concentration data measured at the Sensor-based Air Monitoring Station (SAMS) installed in Guro-gu and Wonju-si, the concentration for each grid was estimated by applying inverse distance weights through QGIS version 3.22. Considering the existing population, population-weighted average concentration (PWAC) was calculated and the exposure level of the population was compared by region. Results: The outdoor PM_2.5 concentration as measured through the SAMS was high in Wonju-si on all three days. Wonju-si showed an average 22% higher PWAC than Guro-gu. As a result of comparing the PWAC and outdoor PM_2.5 concentration by region, the PWAC in Guro-gu was 1~2% higher than the observed value, but it was almost the same. Conversely, observations of Wonju-si were 10.1%, 11.3%, and 8.2% higher than PWAC. Conclusions: It is expected that the Geographic Information System (GIS) method and the existing population will be used to evaluate the exposure level of a population with a narrow activity radius in further research. In addition, based on this study, it is judged that research on exposure to environmental pollutants and risk assessment methods should be expanded.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2014

This study was planned to investigate the effect of the exposure to hazard factors on work environment satisfaction. Existing researches about job satisfaction have focused on the general working conditions, such as working hours, wage, human relationship, job task and so on. Korean Working Conditions Survey was used for this study because that relevant questions were included. The effect of the exposure to hazard factors on work environment satisfaction may be produced by hierarchical regression analysis because of comparison with existing model for work environment satisfaction. The exposure to hazards factors were statistically significant effect on work environment satisfaction after adjusting other confounding variables, such as gender, age, educational level, job security, work hour, work load, work autonomy, social support, etc. This study has some limitation because that KWCS was cross sectional survey. Some researches about the causal effect and its mechanism may be suggested as future study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.19-40
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• 2017

A scientific and objective sound exposure criterion for underwater sound damage on fish has been required since there has been many disputes between an underwater sound maker and a fish damage receiver. The existing criteria are still incomplete scientifically owing to a degree of variability of underwater sounds, diversity of fish hearing sensitivity and damage types, etc. This study reviews existing studies on a hearing mechanism of fish species, manmade underwater sound characteristics and sound exposure assessment parameters, and recent sound exposure criteria. A governing equation for damage coverage estimation and damage coverage dependency on sound source level, ambient noise and transmission loss are also reviewed and interpreted based on sound exposure environments. The foreign and Korean (National Environmental Dispute Medication Commission) criteria are reviewed and compared based on scientific aspects. In addition, the deficit and limit of Korean criteria are presented. The objective of this study is to give a direction for related researches and legislation of sound exposure criteria on fish.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.459-468
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• 2005

International contractors must consider the substantial risks related to unexpected foreign exchange fluctuation incurred by conducting their business and using foreign currencies in foreign countries. Most international contractors attempt to minimize foreign exchange exposure within a manageable range because it may influence the company's fundamental financial structure, reduce market value or profit margins, or disrupt ongoing and future projects. This research provides a qualitative study of existing foreign exchange exposure (transaction, operation, and translation exposure) and current & effective foreign exchange risk management in American and Korean international contractors, as they represent both new and long-time members of the global construction market. Finally, recommendations of techniques for new and existing international contractors to minimize and better manage foreign exchange risk will be offered.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.20-27
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• 1996

This paper discussed the limit of existing safety controls where the use of land around hazardous industry. There is a gap between engineering evaluation of acceptable criteria for loss reduction and risk exposure to the areas of high risk outside plants from the aspects of risk perception. The paper performed how land use safety could be designed between the density of uses with the duration of risk exposure by type of land use. It concluded the needs of multi-dimensional presentation for an appropriate risk controls on existing and future land use safety.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2017

This study intends examine the relevance of factors with negative influences on anti-social sexual awareness formation in adolescents as per the concern of the parents of families with adolescents, as internet pornography exposure in adolescents lead to excessive indulgence in pornographic photographs, cartoons, videos, or fictions, or in video chatting with exposure of one's own body parts. For this, the factors of internet pornography exposure in the study subjects of adolescents were constructed into a multilateral model, and the structural equation model was analyzed. As the result of the study, the following conclusion were drawn. First, the most powerful factor influencing the anti-social sexual awareness in adolescents was, contrary to the concern of many, not the exposure to pornography through internet media, but personal characteristics such as sensation-seeking tendency and socio-environmental characteristic of differential association. Second, it is worth noting that the most major factor influencing intentional internet pornography exposure by adolescents is another form of pornography exposure. Third, whether intentional or unintentional, the internet-related variable influencing the internet pornography exposure was found to be the amount of internet usage. Fourth, the unintended internet pornography exposure was found to have no direct influence on the sexual awareness of adolescents, but it did have an indirect influence on sexual awareness mediated by intentional internet pornography exposure and existing-media pornography exposure. Based on these study results, the conclusion was drawn regarding the influence of internet pornography on sexual awareness in adolescents.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.126-148
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• 2015

Different from the existing works on coverage problems in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), this paper considers the exposure-path prevention problem by using the percolation theory in three dimensional (3D) WSNs, which can be implemented in intruder detecting applications. In this paper, to avoid the loose bounds of critical density, a bond percolation-based scheme is proposed to put the exposure-path problem into a 3D uniform lattice. Within this scheme, the tighter bonds of critical density for omnidirectional and directional sensor networks under random sensor deployment-a 3D Poisson process are derived. Extensive simulation results show that our scheme generates tighter bounds of critical density with no exposure path in 3D WSNs.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.13-27
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• 1988

Two asbestos slate manufacturing and seven asbestos textile plants in Korea were surveyed from May 20 to July 2, 1987. The purposes of this study were to evaluate 1) worker exposure to asbestos, 2) compliance to the standards and 3) the efficiency of existing local exhaust systems. Sixty-two personal samples and eighty-three area samples were collected and analyzed using "NIOSH 7400" method. Results of this study were as follows. 1. The asbesots exposure concentrations in asbestos textile plants were 1.3 - 14.3 fibers/cc(geometric mean(GM), 4.4 fibers/cc). 2. Worker exposure level to asbestos fiber in asbestos slate manufacturing industry was 0.21 fibers/cc during wet processing, which is below the Korean Standard of 2 fibers/cc. 3. Most local exhaust systems installed in asbestos textile plants were inadequately designed. 4. Ninety-six percent of the 145 samples exceeded the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 0.2 fibers/cc and forty-nine percent of the samples exceeded the Korean Standatd of 2 fibers/cc.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.230-237
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• 2021

Background: Noise-induced hearing loss is a well-known occupational disease that affects many fish harvesters from many fisheries worldwide, whose risk factor is prolonged exposure to hazardous noise levels. To date, academic research activities and regulatory bodies have not provided any comparative analysis among the existing methods to assess noise exposure levels of fish harvesters. This paper provides a comparison of four relevant assessment methods of noise exposure, examining the results of a measurement campaign performed onboard small fishing vessels from Newfoundland and Labrador. Methods: We traveled onboard 11 vessels engaged in multiple fisheries from Newfoundland and Labrador and performed extensive noise exposure surveys using the simplified International Maritime Organization method, the full-day measurement method, and the two methods provided by ISO 9612:2009, the task-based method and job-based method (JBM). Results: The results showed that the four methods yield similar values when the noise components are dominated by the engine and auxiliaries (steady-state sources); when noise components are dominated by the fishing gear, task-based method and the simplified International Maritime Organization method estimates are less accurate than JBM, using full-day measurements as baseline. Conclusion: The JBM better assesses noise exposure in small-scale fisheries, where noise exposure has significant variance and uncertainties on the exposure levels are higher.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.211-216
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of a newly fusion model designed cloak shield to reduce the radiation exposure of the assistant during CT(computed tomography) of severely injured patient. Radiation dose was measured in the heart, both axillary and thyroid areas using newly designed cloak shield and existing shield with head phantom and human phantom under the same conditions as brain vascular CT scan. The newly designed cloak shield was measured higher for radiation shielding rate than the existing shields, 61.9 % for heart, 46.2 % for left axillary, 69.8 % for right axillary and 71.1 % for thyroid gland, respectively. a newly developed fusion model of cloak shields are useful for reducing radiation exposure. It is expected to make a significant contribution to reduction of radiation exposure.