• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2014

Purpose: This article is aimed at broadening the perspectives of nursing by applying Heidegger's philosophical reasoning and views to nursing beliefs. Methods: Heidegger's main concepts on a human's way of being were the source for examining the encounter between care-receiver and care-giver in nursing. In addition, the paper illustrates the attitudes that nurses must present to their care-receiver in existential nursing. Results: As nurses and care-receivers experience existential crises due to anxiety about death and fear over uncontrollable situations, they both raise questions about the significance of their existences. By putting their deep reflections on these questions into nursing practice, nurses can exist as "Mitdasein" and be open to a number of possibilities in nursing. Conclusion: Nurses must be open to a number of possibilities in nursing by embracing various experiences of life and individuality without criticism, and pursuing the existing lives of their counterparts as well as their owns. They are able to take this attitude by raising fundamental questions about life and the existence of human beings through ceaseless reflections on their experiences, then implementing the result of these reflections in their lives and nursing practices.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate associations of spiritual well-being, attitude toward death, and quality of life among Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive in design. The data was collected from August to September 2018 with 133 AA members drawn from two provinces of South Korea. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA with Turkey tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: The existential spiritual well-being (β=.52, p<.001), attitude toward death (β=.24, p<.001), dual diagnosis (β=-.17, p=.003), occupation (β=.12, p=.035) of the participants were significant factors, which explained 63.7% of the variance of quality of life. Conclusion: The study findings highlight the need to develop psychological nursing strategies to enhance the spiritual well-being and improve a positive attitude toward death based on the job and dual diagnosis among AA members to improve their better quality of life.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.395-403
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ego-resilience and Spiritual well-being on college adjustment in nursing students. The sample for this study consisted of Nursing students from 2 university of nursing in C Provinces. The data were collected from November 10 to 17, 2014. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression with SPSS 18.0. A positive correlation was found for college adjustment with Ego-resilience and Spiritual well-being. In addition Ego-resilience, Religious spiritual well-being, Existential spiritual well-being accounted for 39% of variance in college adjustment. The results of this study suggest that development of Ego-resilience and Spiritual well-being in nursing students is important to college adjustment. Further research in improving Ego-resilience and Spiritual well-being is warranted.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.128-140
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a self-transcendence enhancement program and examine its effect on self-transcendence, spiritual well-being, and psychological well-being in elderly women who live alone. Methods: A self-transcendence enhancement program was developed through theory, literature review, and in-depth interviews. The theoretical framework came from the Psychoeducational Approach to Transcendence and Health intervention model based on Reed's middle-range theory of self-transcendence. The program consisted of multiple modalities in a structured, theory-based program lasting for eight weekly sessions. Using a single-group pretest-posttest design, the program was tested on a group of 40 elderly women aged 75 to 84 years living alone in Daejeon, Korea. Participants completed self-reported study questionnaires before and after the program at the elderly welfare center. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0, with significance level set at .05. Paired t-test was used to compare mean differences before and after the program. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 79.1 years. After completing the program, the participants showed higher levels of self-transcendence (t=8.78, p<.001), overall spiritual well-being (t=8.30, p=.002), religious spiritual well-being (t=1.79, p=.040), existential spiritual well-being (t=6.75, p=.002), and positive affect (t=3.77, p=.001) than they did before the program. They also reported lower levels of depression (t=-7.59, p<.001) and negative affect (t=-6.15, p<.001). Conclusion: The self-transcendence enhancement program developed in this study may be effective for improving the level of self-transcendence in elderly women living alone and helping them to attain spiritual and psychological well-being.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a logotherapy education program. Methods: A nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized design was conducted with a convenience sample of 29 children with cancer. The experimental group (n=17) participated in the logotherapy education program which consisted of 5 daily sessions for one week. The control group (n=12) received the usual nursing care. The effects were measured using suffering, adolescent meaning in life (AMIL), and spiritual well-being (SWBS) scales. Results: There were significant differences in suffering (W=153.00, p<.05) and meaning in life (W=78.00, p<.05) between the experimental and control groups. However, there was no significant difference in spiritual well-being (W=136.50, p>.05). Conclusions: Logotherapy was effective in reducing suffering and improving the meaning in life. Logotherapy can be utilized for adolescents with terminal cancer to prevent existential distress and improve their quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to provide basic data for comprehensive nursing care for elderly people and to compare the spiritual well-being and perceived health status between elderly people who have above average income and those who have low income. Method: The data were collected from 80 elders with above average income and 81 with low income through face-to-face interviews. An elder was defined as a person over 60 years of age. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and Scheffe test. Result: The mean score for spiritual well being for elders with above average income was 2.90 of a total possible score of 4 and for elders with low income, 2.49 and the difference was significant. The mean score for perceived health status for elders with above average income was 8.93 of a total possible score of 14 and for elders with low income, 7.47 and the difference was also significant. There was a statistically positive correlation between existential well-being and perceived health status for the total sample of elderly people and for the elders with low income. Conclusion: Spiritual nursing care should be included in comprehensive health care programs for elderly people in Korea. Especially, it is important to develop nursing interventions for elders with low income that will increase their spiritual well-being and help them to develop positive thinking towards perceived health status.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.132-144
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on the spiritual well being and depression levels of hospice patients. Method: The data for this study were collected from 62 patients who were admitted to the hospice care unit from July 28, 2002 to October 31, 2002 in D city K hospital. Subjects were 31 members of the experimental group and 31 members of the control group. It was devised with a nonequivalent control group pretest posttest design. The spiritual nursing intervention was given by using the therapeutic use of self. Scripture. prayer. Hymn and music. use of church community involvement and referrals to pastors according to the assessment of patients' spiritual needs for 3 weeks(total 12 times and 1 hour per each intervention). Sangsoon Choi (1990) and Jungho Kang(1996)'s spiritual well being scale. which was modified from Palautzian and Ellison (1982)'s spiritual well being scale, was used to investigate patients' spiritual well being. To investigate the level of depression. OkHyun Song(1977)'s Depression Scale, which was modified from Zung(1965)'s Depression Inventory, was used. Data were analyzed by $x^2$-test. t-test. and repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Results: 1. The 1st hypothesis. 'total spiritual well being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported (F=6.28, p=0.015, Interaction: p=0.000). 2. The 1 lst sub hypothesis, 'religious well being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=12.75, p=0.001 Interaction: p=0.000). 3. The 1 2nd sub hypothesis, 'existential well being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.87, p=0.016, Interaction: p=0.000). 4. The 2nd hypothesis, 'depression level in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be lower than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported (F=10.45, p=0.002, Interaction: p=0.000). Conclusion: From the above results, spiritual nursing intervention was an effective program to improve the spiritual well being state and decrease the depression levels of the hospice patients. In the future, with spiritual intervention. which the researcher developed, is applied in the nursing field, the hospice patients can have comprehensive well being including spiritual well being and die peacefully.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on spiritual well-being and depression level of the hospice patients. Method: The subjects for this study were collected from 62 patients who were admitted in the hospice care unit from July 28, 2002 to October 31, 2002 in D city K hospital. Subjects were 31 members of the experimental group and 31 members of the control group. It was devised with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The spiritual nursing intervention was given by using the therapeutic use of self, Scripture, prayer, Hymn and music, use of church community involvement and refer to pastors according to assessment of patients' spiritual need for 3 weeks(total 12 times and 1 hour per each intervention). Sangsoon Choi(1990) and Jungho Kang(1996)'s spiritual well-being scale, which was modified from Palautzian and Ellison(1982)'s spiritual well-being scale, was used to investigate patients' spiritual well-being. To investigate level of depression, OkHyun Song(1977)'s Depression Scale, which was modified from Zung(1965)'s Depression Inventory, was used. Data were analyzed by x2-test, t-test, Repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Results: 1.The 1st hypothesis, 'total spiritual well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.28, p=0.015, Interaction: p=0.000). 2.The 1-1st sub-hypothesis, 'religious well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=12.75, p=0.001, Interaction: p=0.000). 3.The 1-2nd sub-hypothesis, 'existential well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.87, p=0.016, Interaction: p=0.000). 4.The 2nd hypothesis, 'depression level in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be lower than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=10.45, p=0.002, Interaction: p=0.000). Conclusion: From the above results, spiritual nursing intervention was an effective program to improve spiritual well-being state and decrease depression level for the hospice patients. In the future, when the spiritual intervention, which the researcher developed, applied on nursing field, the hospice patients can have comprehensive well being including spiritual well being and peaceful dying life.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on spiritual wee-being and depression level of the hospice patients. Method: The subjects for this study were collected from 62 patients who were admitted in the hospice care unit from July 28, 2000 to October 31, 2002 in D city K hospital. Subjects were 31 members of the experimental group and 31 members of the control group. It was devised with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The spiritual nursing intervention was given by using the therapeutic use of self, Scripture, prayer, Hymn and music, use of church community involvement and refer to pastors according to assessment of patients' spiritual need for 3 weeks(total 12 times and 1 hour per each intervention). Sangsoon Choi(1990) and Jungho Kang(1996)'s spiritual well-being scale, which was modified from Palautzian and Ellison(1982)'s spiritual well-being scale, was used to investigate patients' spiritual well-being. To investigate level of depression, OkHyun Song(1977)'s Depression Scale, which was modified from Zung(1965)'s Depression Inventory, was used. Data were analyzed by x2-test, t-test, Repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Results: 1.The 1st hypothesis, 'total spiritual well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.28, p=0.015, Interaction: p=0.000). 2.The 1-1st sub-hypothesis, 'religious well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=12.75, p=0.001, Interaction: p=0.000). 3.The 1-2nd sub-hypothesis, 'existential well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.87, p=0.016, Interaction: p=0.000). 4.The 2nd hypothesis, 'depression level in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be lower than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=10.45, p=0.002, Interaction: p=0.000). Conclusion: From the above results, spiritual nursing intervention was an effective program to improve spiritual well-being state and decrease depression level for the hospice patients. In the future, when the spiritual intervention, which the researcher developed, applied on nursing field, the hospice patients can have comprehensive well being including spiritual well being and peaceful dying life.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2006

Purpose: This research was conducted to explore the relationship between spiritual well being and life attitude among breast cancer patients who were operated, and to increase understanding for wholistic nursing care. Method: With spiritual well being from quality of life questionnaire in breast cancer survivors (QOL-BR 23) of Ferrell et al (1998) and Life attitude profile (LAP) of Recker & Peacock (1981), the data were collected by research assistant in a sample of 56 women with stage 1-stage 3 breast cancer at surgery OPD after follow-up care. Result: Mean spiritual wellbeing score of subject was 5.83 (0-10) and life attitude was 4.96 (1-7). There were significant differences in life attitude according to monthly income (F=3.22, p=.03), and in spiritual wellbeing according to monthly income (F=4.16, p=.01) and religion (t=-3.67, p=.001) among demographic characteristics. There was significant difference in spiritual wellbeing according to the period passed after operation (F=2.89, p=.04) among disease characteristics. From life attitude domain, the mean score of "will to meaning" was the highest (5.30) and "existential vacuum" was the lowest (4.58). There was a significant relationship between spiritual wellbeing and "will to meaning" subscale of life attitude (r=.521, p=.000). The correlation coefficient showed r= .513 between spiritual well being and life attitude. Conclusion: Nurses could promote positive life attitude for breast cancer patients by improving spiritual well being with the encouragement of having religion expecially for long term breast cancer survivors in the process of their rehabilitation.