• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.328-337
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify effects of self-esteem, empathy and existential well-being on spiritual care competence in nursing students. Methods: Participants were 357 nursing students from three colleges in G metropolitan city. The survey was conducted from March 11 to April 3, 2015, with a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 21.0. Results: Differences in spiritual care competence were statistically significant according to experience in providing spiritual care and recognition of need for spiritual care. There were significant differences in self-esteem, empathy and existential well-being according to satisfaction with major, satisfaction with life and recognition of the need for spiritual care. Spiritual care competence of nursing students showed a significantly positive correlation to self-esteem, empathy and existential well-being. Factors influencing spiritual care competence were recognition of need for spiritual care, self-esteem, empathy and experience in providing spiritual care, which explained about 16% of spiritual care competence. Conclusion: Results indicate the importance of developing an intervention program for nursing students to strengthen spiritual care competence through improved recognition of needs for spiritual care, self-esteem, empathy and experience in providing spiritual care.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.67-80
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• 1999

This study was designed to provide the basic data of nursing intervention for alleviation of effective adjustment of cancer patients by identifying the correlation between the spiritual well-being and family support. The subjects for this study were 69 patients who were diagnosed as cancer and were admitted to a university hospital in Pusan. Data were collected during the period between December 1, 1998 and January 20, 1999 by interviewing with questionnaires. Family support questionnaire consisted of 11 questions answerable on a 5 point Likert scale developed by Kang Hyun Suk(1985). Spiritual well-being questionnaire consisted of 20 questions answerable on a 4 point Likert scale modified by Kang Jeong Ho(1996). The data were analyzed by in descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA using SPSS/WIN program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The mean score for family support in cancer patients was 49.48, which indicated that cancer patients perceived their state of family support as high level. The mean score for spiritual well-being in cancer patients was 55.87, which indicated that cancer patients perceived their state of spiritual well-being as moderate level. Among the components of spiritual well-being, the mean score for religious well-being was 26.94 and for existential well-being 28.93. From the above, the mean score for existential well-being was higher than that of religious well-being. 2. There were statistically significant differences in family support according to the types of primary caregivers(F=3.48, p=0.008). The spouse caregiver showed the highest family support among the caregivers. There were statistically significant differences in spiritual well-being according to the job(F=2.20, p=0.046) and the level of perceived health status(F=2.71, p=0.05). There were statistically significant differences in religious well-being according to the religion(F=2.42, p=0.004) and the number of family members(F=3.38, p=0.040). And there were statistically significant differences in existential well-being according to the job(F=2.48, p=0.026) and the level of perceived health status(F=2.74, p=0.048). 3. There were positive correlation between spiritual well-being and the family support(r=0.481, p=0.000), between religious well-being and family support(r=0.336, p=0.008) and existential well-being and family support(r=0.519, p=0.000).

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-66
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between menopausal symptoms and spiritual well-being. In order to collect the research data, 350 questionaries were sent to the middle aged women who were 40-59 years old. During the collection period, March 20, 1977-April 20, 1977, 264 questionaries were collected. The questionnaire was prepared by using other researchers' scale, such as menopausal symptom scale by Neugarton and spiritual well-being scale by Paloutzian & Ellison. The research data were analyzed by various testable methods, such as frequency, t-test or ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. The main results of this study were as follows ; Among the general characteristic variables, some variables have statistical significancy in explaining the difference of the menopausal symptoms. Such variables include age(F=5.17, p=0.002), years get married(F=4.23, p=0.002), number of children(F=3.08, p=0.028), income level of family(F=3.07, p=0.017), life style at leisure time(F=2.47, p=0.045). Some variables related to health condition could explain the differences of the menopausal symptoms among middle aged women. current menstruation stage(F=9.82, p=0.000), current health condition(F=9.82, p=0.000), and experience being operated in the past(F=9.82, p=0.000) are related to the menopausal symptoms. Serious menopausal symptoms which could be found in this study were 'back pain and joint pains(2.6)', nervousness(2.4), and psychosomatic symptom(1.97). Spiritual well-being inquiries could be classified into two subgroups, existential and religious. The mean score of existential well-being(3.04) was higher than that of religious well-being(2.76). Relatively higher existential well-being(3.10) was found in the women who have stable menstruation cycle. The age when the menopause began was related to spiritual well-being(F=3.29, p=0.046). The correlation between menopausal symptoms and spiritual well-being was statistically significant(r=-0.133, p=0.031). Based on the above results, nursing intervention program of menopausal symptoms is recommended in order to promote the health of middle-aged women.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.372-381
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of a peer gatekeeper training program on existential spiritual well-being, interpersonal relationship with friends, and suicide probability for middle school students. Methods: The participants were fifty students who were at a vocational middle school in D city from october 13, 2012 to november 10, 2012. To test the effects of the peer gatekeeper training program, the participants were divided into two groups in the way of matching distribution, an experimental group(24) and a control group(26). Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, t-test, and Fisher exact probability test using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: After attending the peer gatekeeper training program, significant differences between the experimental group and the control group were found in existential spiritual well-being(t=2.80, p=.007) and interpersonal relationship with friends scores(t=2.67, p=.010). However, there was no statistically significant difference in suicide probability between the two groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that the peer gatekeeper training program enhance existential spiritual well-being and interpersonal relationship with friends of middle school students. Therefore, this program could be a good strategy that teachers and community mental health nurses can use for suicide prevention of middle school students.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.347-358
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing suicidal ideation in male baby boomers. Methods: This was a descriptive survey study. Data were collected from December, 2012 to June, 2013 from 194 participants. The instruments used included a suicidal ideation questionnaire, somatic symptoms scale, spiritual well-being scale, communication with spouse scale, and social support scale. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: Suicidal ideation was influenced by learning needs on psychological coping, somatic symptoms, existential spiritual well-being, and communication with spouse. Somatic symptoms (${\beta}$=.39, p<.001), existential spiritual well-being (${\beta}$=-.20, p=.009), learning needs on psychological coping (${\beta}$=.16, p=.008), and communication with spouse (${\beta}$=-.15, p=.031) accounted for 37% regarding suicidal ideation in male baby boomers. Conclusion: We found an association of lower levels of existential spiritual well-being and communication with spouse, higher suicidal ideation. Higher suicidal ideation was also observed in people who had no learning needs on psychological coping compared with those who had. Based on the outcomes of this study, design of an intervention program that emphasizes existential spiritual well-being and communication with spouse is necessary in order to decrease suicidal ideation in male baby boomers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the level of depressive symptom, spiritual well-being and faith maturity between college freshmen and seniors and to investigate the affecting factors on their depressive symptom. Methods: The study was cross-sectional descriptive survey. A self-report questionnaire were used to collect data from 335 college students during June to July, 2010. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. Results: The mean score of depressive symptom was $17.55{\pm}11.24$ and prevalence of depression was 26.5% in college freshmen. And those in college seniors were $14.18{\pm}14.17$ and 17.4%. And those were significantly higher in college freshmen than in seniors. The depressive symptom was a significant negative correlation with spiritual well-being, existential spiritual well-being, religious spiritual well-being, and faith maturity. Factors significantly influencing on depression in college freshmen included existential spiritual well-being, subjective health status, age, and confidence of salvation ($R^2$=49.7%). And those in college seniors included existential spiritual well-being and life satisfaction ($R^2$=53.3%). Conclusion: The counseling program and spirituality development program for preventing depression considering these affecting factors for especially college freshmen are necessary.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.55-76
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the impact of authenticity on experience value and subjective well-being among visitors who have participated in direct experiential activities in experiential fishing villages. The research method used literature research methods and empirical research methods using questionnaires, and this questionnaire was composed by determining three major variables and seven constituent factors for each variable through factor analysis and conducting prior research and preliminary surveys. The survey was conducted from February 5, 2023 to April 5, 2023 among experimental fishing villages with excellent ratings for scenery (environment), service, experience, accommodation, and food, and four villages that can experience tidal flats and manage customers online. The survey was conducted from February 5, 2023 to April 5, 2023, among experimental fishing villages with excellent ratings for scenery (environment), service, experience, accommodation, and food, and four villages that can experience tidal flats and manage customers online. The results of this study are as follows. First, the factors of authenticity in experiential fishing villages include three sub-factors: objective authenticity, constructive authenticity, and existential authenticity. The factors of experience value include two sub-factors: emotional values and functional values. Subjective well-being is derived from positive emotion and life satisfaction. Second, upon examining the importance of authenticity in experiential fishing villages, it was found that existential authenticity and objective authenticity, in that order, have a significant impact on emotional values. However, constructive authenticity did not have a significant impact on emotional values. Third, in terms of functional values, constructive authenticity, existential authenticity, and objective authenticity, in that order, had a significant impact. Fourth, experience value, in the order of emotional values and functional values, had a significant impact on positive emotion and life satisfaction of subjective well-being. Therefore, it was confirmed that the authenticity of experiential fishing villages is important as a strategy to enhance experience value and subjective well-being. Especially, considering that the majority of visitors to experiential fishing villages are family-centered (86.5%), applying marketing management strategies to develop programs that enhance existential authenticity and improve emotional values could elevate the subjective well-being of experiential visitors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.759-767
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• 1996

This study was done to provide an understanding of nursing in relation to the existential philosophy of the West and Buddhistic philosophy, It examined how human beings and death are interpreted and understood in existential philosophy as well as in Buddhistic philosophy. Then the study suggested that nursing should focus on helping the sufferer to find meaning and a sense of responsibility in his or her existence. When people have the opportunity to realize certain important but painful truths about their existence, they develop internal strength and control of their lives. Just as people learn to face their being, so can they come to terms with their non-being. According to the causal process in Buddhism, Human Being is not always annihilation of self. Therefore, birth, aging, disease and death go through the process of natural change and it is the appearance of human existence which is inherent in the health of every human being. To promote our health we must gain an insight about this phenomenon. This study viewed nurses' clients as 〈good friend〉 rather than 〈patient〉 which focuses on a disease-oriented concept. The concept of 〈good friend〉 views nurses' clients as active participants to create their life and as responsible persons in a constantly changing life. The study also examined the concept of recovery which means to come back to the previous healthy state and it suggested that the concept of recovery should be changed to 〈good change〉, because in existential philosophy, human beings are viewed as never going back to the past but moving on to the future by creating their existence. This study also suggested that nursing should help 〈good friend〉enlighten their existence to be free from pain and death and to get control over their existence.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-166
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• 2004

Background: Spirituality has been an important part of Transpersonal Psychology and is believed to have a large effect on the mental health because it has been systematized. The aim of this study was to determine the level of spiritual disposition on human beings along with its effects on one's mental health. Materials and Methods: The study targeted 400 women residing in Youn-Gil city of JiLin Prov., which is a district of the Cho-Sun tribe in China. Their spiritual well-being was studied using the Spiritual Well-being Scale-Korean Version. The spiritual well-being scale consists of 2 sub-scales of religious well-being and existential well-being. The study was evaluated using a lie scale, psychotic trend, and a combined anxiety-depression scale. The results were considered to be factors of one's mental health. The correlation between the spiritual well-being and each tendency was analyzed by regression analysis. Results: The total score of the Cho-Sun tribal women according to the spiritual well-being scale was 68.29 which was much less than the 100.65 of Korean Christian women. There was no significant correlation between the spiritual well-being and the Lie trend. However, it was found that 86%(344) of Cho-Sun tribal women scored above 70 in the Lie trend with a mean score of 74.57 which is higher than normal populations. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and psychotic trend, the psychotic trend became significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. On the other hand, the psychotic trend became significantly lower when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and anxiety, the anxiety was significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the anxiety level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and depression, the depression level was somewhat significantly high when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the depression level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Conclusion: This study evaluated the effects of spiritual well-being on a person's mental health among Cho-Sun tribal women in Youn-Gil city of JiLIn Prov., P.R. of China. The results found that the religious well-being, which is a sub-scale of spiritual well-being, had negative effects while the existential well-being had positive effects on the mental health. These results proved that a person's religious disposition had negative effects on their mental health in a communitarian society.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to analysis the effect of spiritual nursing care on meaning of life and spiritual well-being of terminal cancer older adult patients. Method: The study was a one group pre-posttest design. Data collection and intervention were performed from May 10 to December 20, 2007. The participants were 28 older adults in Jeonju city. Data was analyzed with paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Result: Meaning of life, spiritual well-being, religious well-being and existential well-being scores were significantly higher than before spiritual nursing care (all p<.001). Meaning of life and the spiritual well-being were significantly correlated before and after spiritual nursing care, but it was not highly correlated after than before the spiritual nursing care. Conclusion: The study verified spiritual nursing care the improvement of the meaning of life and spiritual well-being for the terminal cancer older adult patients.