• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.204-214
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• 1999

연구배경: 만성폐질환자가 일상생활에서 느끼는 호흡곤란정도, 안정상태에서 시행된 폐기능검사 및 심폐운동검사사이에 어떤 관계가 있는지, 안정시 폐기능검사와 심폐운동검사가 호흡곤란의 정도를 잘 반영하는지 등을 연구하고자 만성폐질환자에서 기초호흡곤란지수, 안정시 폐기능검사 및 심폐운동능력을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 연구방법: 최근 2개월내에 악화되지 않은 만성폐질환자 50명을, 기존의 안정시 폐기능검사 및 증상 제한적 심폐운동검사결과를 이용하는 폐기능손상/장애 평가기준과 baseline dyspnea index의 초점점수에 따라 저자들이 임의로 정한 기준으로 비중증군과 중증군으로 분류후 각 군간의 안정시 폐기능검사, 심폐운동검사, 초점점수를 비교하였으며, 각 기준의 상호 민감도 및 특이도를 비교하였다. 연구결과: 안정시 폐기능검사치상 중증군에서 max WR(%), $VO_2$max, $VO_2$max(%) 및 초점 점수가 유의하게 낮았고(p<0.01), $VO_2$max으로 구분하였을 때는 중증군에서 안정시 폐기능검사치 중 $FEV_1$(%)만 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). Max WR, max WR(%) 및 초점 접수는 중증군에서 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.01) $VO_2$max(%)이 60% 미만인 경우를 중증군으로 하였을 때 $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$(%), MVV(%), max WR와 max WR(%), 초점 점수 등이 중증군에서 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 초점 점수의 중위수 혹은 5점보다 낮은 경우를 중증군으로 분류하였을 때, 중증군에서 안정시 폐기능치들은 비중증군과 차이가 없었으나(p>0.05), max WR와 max WR(%), $VO_2$max와 $VO_2$max(%)는 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.01). 초점점수와 $VO_2$max의 상관계수는 0.51(p<0.01), $VO_2$max(%)은 0.52(p<0.01)이었으며, 안정시 폐기능 검사치 중 $FEV_1$(%)은 0.41(p<0.01)였다. 초점 점수의 $VO_2$max에 대한 결정계수는 0.26(p=0.0002)였고, $VO_2$max(%)에 대한 결정계수는 0.06(p=0.0001)였다. $FEV_1$은 각각 0.08(p=0.01), 0.38(p=0.0189)였다. 안정시 폐기능검사치 $VO_2$max, $VO_2$max(%)를 기준으로 중증 폐기능손상을 구분하였을 때 선택기준에 따라 민감도와 특이도가 차이가 있었고, 초점 점수의 중위수 및 5점을 기준으로 중증 폐기능 손상을 분류했을 때의 민감도 및 특이도와 큰 차이가 없었다. 결 론: 이상과 같은 결과로 안정시 폐기능검사만으로는 $VO_2$max를 정확하게 예측하기 힘들며, 특별한 금기사항이 없는 한 안정시 폐기능검사상 정상 혹은 경미한 손상을 보이는 환자뿐만 아니라 중증손상을 보이는 환자에서도 심폐운동검사를 시행하여 폐기능 손상 평가의 정확도를 높이는 것이 좋을 것으로 여겨지며, 폐기능 손상평가의 기존 기준들에 호흡곤란정도를 반영할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2009

本文为执行官提供了他们在处理日常业务问题和市场机会时如何阐述自己思考过程的培训. 本研究建立在Schank提出的教学基础上, 包括: (1)经验学习和最好的指导提供给学习者从诸如全球背景, 团队项目和专家经历等的互动的故事提炼知识和技能的机会. (2) 告诉不会导致学习, 因为在学习需要的行动训练环境中, 应强调积极使用故事, 案例和项目. 每个培训案例包括执行官解释自己的决策系统分析(DSA, 还需要执行官做DSA简报. 在训练时要求执行官写DSA简报. 在执行官学员写书面报告的说明中包括(1) DSA路线图的本质的细节(2) 警告和机会的陈述, 读者的行政地图及图内的DSA解释. 该报告的最大长度为500字, 其规则就是使行政人员培训课程行之有效. 引言之后是第二部分文献综述, 简要地总结了有关人们在对问题和机会的背景下的想法及文献. 第三部分通过使用对不同的贴牌生产客户定价相同的化学产品的培训练习来解释DSA的起源和过程, 第四部分展示一个炼油设备公司订价决策的培训练习. 第五部分提供一个商业客户办公家具采购的市场策略案例. 第六部分是结论和建议. 这些建议是关于使用培训课程和发展其他培训课程来磨练执行官制定决策的能力. 文章引导读者利用工具箱研究综合的报告, (DSA)路线图根据生态合理性理论将战略与环境相匹配. 这三个案例的研究让学习者在意愿层面征求建议来作出决策. Todd and Gigerenzer 提出人们使用简单启发式,因为他们在自然的决策环境中通过探索信息的结构使适应性行为有可能产生. "简单是一种美德, 而不是诅咒", 有限理性理论强调了西蒙的命题中心, "人类理性的行为仿佛一把剪刀, 其刀片则是任务环境的结构和执行者的计算能力". Gigerenzer的观点和西蒙的环境的危害相关, 也和本文中三个环境结构的案例相关. "环境这个词, 在这里, 并不是指总的物理和生理的环境, 而只是指被给予需要和目标的重要有机体 本文关注了结合任务环境的结构和使用适应的工具箱启发的报告. (DSA)路线图根据生态理性理论将战略与环境相匹配. 渴望适应理论是这一方针的核心. 渴望适应理论将决策制定作为一个没有把目标整合的多目标问题模拟成一个把所有决策选项进行完全的优先顺序化. 这三个案例研究让学习者在意愿层面征求建议来作出决策. 渴望适应用一系列的调整步骤的形式. 一个调整步骤通过仅一个目标变量的变化就可以改变在渴望网格上邻近点当前的渴望水平. 上调步骤是目标变量的提高, 下调步骤是目标变量的下降. 创造和使用渴望适应水平是对有限理性理论的整合. 文章通过提供学习者经验和实践环节增加了意愿采纳和有限合理性的理解和特点. 利用DSA图排列CTSs和撰写TOP可以清晰和深化Selten的观点 "清晰, 意愿采纳必须作为研究的解决方案整合到整个蓝图中". 这些有限理性的研究许可了在现实生活中为什么, 如何作决策的理论和在自然的环境中利用启发式的学习训练两方面的发展. 本文中的练习鼓励根据不同使用目的学习快速而简洁的启发式技巧和原则. 这也正回应了Schank的思想 "从本质上来看, 教育不是让学生们知道发生了什么, 而是让他们感受到所发生的事情. 这不容易做到. 在如今的学校教育是没有情感的, 这是一个很大的问题". 这三个案例和附加的练习问题遵守了Schank的观点. "这种教育过程最好是通过参与他们其中来实现, 也可以这样认为, 精神层面的积极讨论".

• 종양간호연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to develop an web-based education program for Lung cancer patients and to test its effects on patients' self-care knowledge, compliance to medical regimen, nutrition status and pain. The program was developed by the following process: first, Lung cancer patients demand on the web-based program was investigated. and second, the program was developed with the help of various reference books and then validation of experts group. last, educations effects on the patients is evaluated and compared the differences in self-care knowledge, compliance to medical regimen, nutrition status and pain between on experimental group and a control group on before discharge 1day and 3weeks after. SPSS/Win 11.0 program was used for data analysis. It was proven with $x^2$ test and t-test, and Pearson Correlation coefficient, and Chronbach's alpha coefficient were done for the reliability of measuring instruments. 1. The summary of the Program development is as follows. The program is based on patients' questionnaire and reference material and is made for users friendly. Not only Bigger font size and bright colors but also illustrations or pictures were adopted to help enhance patients' understanding. 2. The summary of the study results is as follows. 1) Compared with control group, the web-based educated experimental group showed a statistical significant difference on self-care knowledge, Especially disease, radiation treatment, medication & analgesics, chemotherapy side effect, but there was no significant difference in the field of chemotherapy, in the fields of operation, diet & general knowledge. 2) Compared with control group, the web-based educated experimental group showed a statistical significant difference on compliance to medical regimen, especially in the field of follow up care, everyday life, diet, but there was no significant difference in the field of medication, exercise. 3) Compared with control group, web-based educated experimental group showed no significant difference in nutrition status, but partially significant difference in body weight. 4) Compared with control group, the web-based educated experimental group showed no significant difference in pain level. 5) The significantly positive correalation self-care knowledge with the compliance to medical regimen. 6) Users satisfaction with the web-based education program of the contents quality, the level of recommendation to others, content layout, medical information quality, but interesting got a low mark.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.357-374
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to validate knowledge outcomes included Nursing Outcomes Classification(NOC) developed by Johnson and Maas at the University of Iowa. A sample of 71 nurse experts working in university affiliated hospitals participated in this study. They were asked to rate indicators that examplified the outcomes on a scale of 1(indicator is not all characteristic) to 5(indicator is very characteristic). A questionnaire with an adaptation of Fehring's methodology was used to establish the content validity of outcomes. The results were as follow: 1. All indicators were considered to be 'supporting' and no indicators were considered to be 'nonsupporting'. 2. 'Knowledge: Treatment Regimen' attained and OCV score of 0.816 and was the highest OCV score among outcomes. 3. 'Knowledge: Energy Conservation' attained an OCV score of 0.748 and was the lowest OCV score among abuse outcomes. 4. 'Knowledge: Breastfeeding' attained an OCV score of 0.790 and was the highest indicator was 'description of benefits of breastfeeding'. 5. 'Knowledge: Child Safety' attained an OCV score of 0.778 and was the highest indicator was 'demonstration of first aids techniques'. 6. 'Knowledge: Diet' attained an OCV score of 0.779 and was the highest indicator was 'performance of self-monitoring activities'. 7. 'Knowledge: Disease Process' attained an OCV score of 0.815 and was the highest indicator was 'description of signs and symptoms'. 8. 'Knowledge: Health Behaviors' attained an OCV score of 0.800 and was the highest indicator was 'description of safe use of prescription drugs'. 9. 'Knowledge: Health Resources' attained an OCV score of 0.794 and was the highest indicator was 'description of need for follow-up care'. 10. 'Knowledge: Infection Control' attained an OCV score of 0.793 and was the highest indicator was 'description of signs and symptoms'. 11. 'Knowledge: Medication' attained an OCV score of 0.789 and was the highest indicator was 'description of correct administration of medication'. 12. 'Knowledge: Personal Safety' attained an OCV score of 0.804 and was the highest indicator was 'description of measures to reduce risk of accidental injury'. 13. 'Knowledge: Prescribed Activity' attained an OCV score of 0.810 and was the highest indicator was 'proper performance of exercise'. 14. 'Knowledge: Substance Use Control' attained an OCV score of 0.809 and was the highest indicator was 'description of signs of dependence during substance withdrawl'. 15. 'Knowledge: Treatment Procedure(s)' attained an OCV score of 0.795 and was the highest indicator was 'description of appropriate action for complications'. 16. 'Knowledge: Treatment Regimen' attained an OCV score of 0.816 and was the highest indicator was 'description of self-care responsibilities for emergency situations'. More outcomes need to be validated and outcomes sensitive to Korean culture need to be developed.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.192-207
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• 1997

This study aims at examining relationships between perceived body shape, body image and health complaints among 88 women registered at a facility for managing body shape, which leads to adequate management of obesity in women for healthy lives. The survey was conducted by using a questionnaire consisted of 12 items of general characteristics and interests for weight control, 47 items of body image, and 57 items of Cornell Medical Index(CMI). The data were analyzed by using mean standard deviation, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results are following. 1. The means of age, body weight, height of the women were 27.02 years, 56.02 years, 56.03kg, 161.71cm, respectively. The level of obesity by body shape was 47.7% for standard type, 26.2% for slim type, 26.1% for fat type. Those women graduated from high school or higher education institutions were 97.7%. 2. More than 70% of the subjects perceived their weight as overweight, while 26.1% of the women were fat according to the level of obesity. Ninety percent of the subjects were not satisfied with their body shape. 3. Body weight increased most during middle and high school days. The women became interested in weight control through talks with friends(35.2%), influence of mass communication(34.1%), and social custom(22.7%). As to the method of weight control, subject's own judgement(54.5%) revealed highest percentage, whereas only 20% of the subjects adopted prescriptions of experts for weight control or of doctors. Those who had side reactions from weight control were 30.7%. High percentages of the women reported the decrease the amount of eating(54.5%), the increase the amount of exercise(27.3%) as the effective methods of weight control. 4. The score of body image differed significantly by the perceived body shape : the score was highest in the perceived standard type. 5. The level of health complaints did not differ by the perceived body shape. In relation to the level of obesity, physical health complaints were high in the groups of very slim type and of very fat type, while mental health complaints were high in the groups of very slim type and of fat type. 6. Very high correlations were observed between the perceived body shape and body image and between physical health complaints and mental health complaints.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.828-837
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the difference of the self-efficacy and the health promoting behaviors between obese and normal-weight middle school students. Method: Data were collected from a convenient sample of 360 middle school students (180 normal-weight students and 180 obese students) in Pusan from November 22nd to December 20th. 2000. based on self-report questionnaires. The following instruments were used in the study after being reconstructed by the researcher with the consultation of experts and the literature review: General Self Efficacy Scale(Sherer et al.. 1982). and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker. Sechrist & Pender. 1987). The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test. and t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: 1. There were significant differences in father's obesity (p=.014) mother's obesity (p= .007), sibling's obesity (p=.00l), and school record (p=.001) between obese and normal-weight students. 2. There were statistically significant differences in the score of self-efficacy between the obese and normal-weight students (p=.0001) 3. There were statistically significant differences in health promoting behavior (p= .000) and in six sub-i terns: personal relationship (p =.000), exercise (p=.001), responsibility for health (p=.003), stress management (p = .015), self-actualization (p =.043) between the obese and normal weight students. 4. There were very statistically significant negative correlations between obesity and the self-efficacy (r=-.19. p<.001), health promoting behavior (r=-.18. p<.001), specifically personal relationship(r=-.20. p<.001), stress management (r=-.12. p<.05), responsibility for health (r=-.15. p<.01), and self-actualization (r=-.14. p<.01). Conclusion: According to the above results it is concluded that self-efficacy and health promoting behavior influence the obesity of middle school students. Therefore I recommend adding programs that can lead to improve self-efficacy and health promoting behavior to the obesity prevention programs for middle school students.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

목적 : 본 연구는 커뮤니티 케어 제도 내에서 생활기능향상 중심의 작업치료 모델을 개발하고자 기초 연구를 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 2018년 6월부터 동년 7월까지 생활기능향상 중심의 작업치료 모델을 개발하기 위하여 일본의 생활행위향상 매니지먼트(Management Tool for Daily Life Performance; MTDLP) 뿐만 아니라 스웨덴, 영국, 독일 등의 사례와 국내의 S 노인주간보호센터 및 I 보건소의 사례를 중심으로 커뮤니티 케어 관련 문헌을 조사하였다. 본 내용을 토대로 전문가 집단 회의를 거쳐 커뮤니티 케어 제도 내 작업치료 모델을 개발하였다. 결과 : 작업치료를 위한 평가를 시행하기 위하여 작업을 통한 건강 증진표, 흥미체크리스트, 생활기능향상을 위한 작업 목표, 생활기능 평가지, 일상생활시간 조사서(평일과 주말), 작업치료 종료 시 필요한 생활기능 인계지 등의 평가지를 개발하였다. 또한 작업치료사들이 이미 시행하고 있는 작업치료 중재 중 생활기능향상 프로그램, ICF모델 기반의 활동분석, 라이프 스타일 재설계 프로그램, 인지운동치료 프로그램, The Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT), 호스피스 완화 프로그램, 가정환경수정 프로그램 등을 중심으로 정리하였다. 결론 : 본 연구는 커뮤니티 케어 제도 내 작업치료의 실행을 위한 구체적 방안과 모델을 제시하였다. 작업치료가 클라이언트에게 반드시 필요한 하나의 전문 영역으로 자리매김하는데 필요한 한국형 생활기능향상 모델구축에 본 연구가 기초로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2019

Objective: Patients with COPD have a lower overall quality of life than normal people. If patients with COPD do not regularly perform physical activities, their exercise capacity is reduced. It could lead to muscle loss, and negatively affect their general physical, social, and psycho-social status. The purpose of this study was to examine association with physical activity, sedentary life time and health-related quality of life in patients with COPD. Method: Of the total of 22,948 participants surveyed in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2013-2015), 8,626 participants were used for this study. Of these, under 40 years, over 80 years, missing values and abnormal values were excluded. Study variables included physical activity level, sedentary time and health-related quality of life variables. The physical activity level assessment tool was measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Sedentary time referred to the amount of sitting time without moving the body. EQ-5D (Euro Quality of Life-5 Dimensions) was used as an index of health-related quality of life. Control variables were age, gender, income level, education level, marital status, comorbidity, smoking, BMI, cough, sputum, COPD severity. For this study, descriptive analysis, T-test, ANOVA and multivariate regression analysis were performed. Results: Of the 1,092 patients with COPD, 76.1% (n=831) were male and 23.9% (n=261) were female, while 39.0% (n=2,939) were male and 61.0% (n=4,595) were female in the comparison group without COPD. The COPD group with high level of physical activity showed a high level of EQ-5D scores ($0.9349{\pm}0.11$, p <0.001). Among patients with COPD, after adjusting for control variables, physical activity and sedentary time (physical activity level, Β=0.047, p <.001), (sedentary time, Β=-0.017, p <.05) were associated with health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Patients with COPD have a higher quality of life as their physical activity increases and the quality of life decreases as the time spent sitting increases. This study suggests that public health experts should consider improving COPD patient physical activity.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2022

본 연구는 정규체육 수업에 활용되고 있는 티볼 스포츠를 스크린이 설치된 실내공간에서 체험할 수 있는 실감 콘텐츠 접근 과정 및 이를 적용한 개발사례를 제시하였다. 해당 연구는 초, 중학교 가상현실 스포츠실의 구기 스포츠훈련으로 지속적인 체육수업에 활용될 수 있다. 접근 내용을 살펴보면 티볼교재의 기초훈련내용을 중심으로 스포츠 전문가, 티볼 지도자의 자문기반 협업을 통하여 이용자에게 티볼 스포츠훈련 향상이라는 지속 가능한 교육에 적합한 훈련 접근 체계성을 제시하였다. 즉, 단순히 체험기반의 실감 콘텐츠가 아닌 초등학생에게 티볼 스포츠 수업의 몰입 유도와 자연스러운 기초훈련이 될 수 있도록 훈련 모드를 설계하였다. 개발된 훈련 콘텐츠는 주 차별 커리큘럼에 따라서 공격 기본훈련이 이루어지도록 하였으며 훈련 과정상에서 난이도별 목표에 따른 평가 피드백을 제시하여 이용자가 스스로 훈련향상을 할 수 있는 훈련모드 접근 과정을 제시하였다. 또한, 티볼 스포츠의 경기 규칙을 반영한 대전경기 모드 접근 과정을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 구기 스포츠의 기본훈련 및 신체 운동 향상이 될 수 있는 기능성 실감 콘텐츠 사례 및 실감 콘텐츠 개발 관련 산업체에 참고 제작사례로 제시될 수 있다.

• 한국웰니스학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.207-223
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 체육과 신체활동 영역별(건강, 도전, 경쟁, 표현) 내용요소와 STEAM과의 융합을 통해 창의·융합 수업모듈 요소를 도출하는 것이며, 아울러 창의·융합 수업 모듈을 제시하는 것에 있다. 이를 위해 문헌연구, 포커스 그룹 인터뷰(FGI), 전문가 협의 방법을 실시하였으며 이를 통하여 다음과 같은 연구 결과를 도출하였다. 먼저 창의·융합 수업 모듈 요소와 관련하여 첫째, 건강 영역의 창의·융합 수업 모듈 요소는 자세 분석을 통한 위험성 도출, 신체활동량 분석과 설계 등 총 11개로 제시되었다. 둘째, 도전 영역의 모듈 요소는 총 6개로 목표 달성 저해 요인 예상, 효율적 운동을 위한 모델링 등의 내용이 도출되었으며, 경쟁 영역의 융합 요소는 17개로 경기 기록 분석, 경기데이터 저장을 위한 어플 제작 등의 내용이 제시되었다. 마지막으로 표현 영역의 창의·융합 모듈 요소는 총 10개로 움직임 표현 기술 향상을 위한 모델링, 움직임 표현 기록을 위한 기호화 등의 내용이 도출되었다. 아울러 수업 모듈은 건강 영역에서는 공학(E: Engineering) 분야와의 융합과 관련된 내용이 제시되었으며, 도전 영역에서는 기술(T: Technology)과의 융합, 경쟁 영역에서는 예술(A: Art)와의 융합, 표현 영역에서는 예술(A: Art)와, 수학(M: Mathematics)기호와)과의 융합을 통한 내용이 제시되었다.