• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.367-378
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• 2018

연구목적: 본 연구는 국내 도심지 굴착시 흔히 마주치는 암반을 포함한 다층토 지반에서 앵커지지 흙막이 구조물의 합리적인 안전관리방법에 대해 서술하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 흙막이 굴착공사의 붕괴사례 현장으로부터 수집한 현장 계측자료를 바탕으로 깊은 굴착시 앵커지지 흙막이벽체의 수평변위속도 관점에서 흙막이 구조물의 안전관리방법에 대해 접근하였다. 연구결과: 붕괴구간의 흙막이벽체 평균 최대수평변위속도는 굴토완료 이후에 뚜렷하게 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 특히, 암반 불연속면을 따라 발생하는 슬라이딩에 의한 흙막이 구조물 붕괴는 비교적 짧은 시간에 상당히 큰 변위속도를 나타냈다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 굴착공사중 흙막이 구조물 붕괴 사고를 사전에 예측하고 예방하기 위해 국내 현장에서 일반적으로 적용되어온 수평변위에 의한 정량적인 관리기준보다는 수평 변위속도에 의한 안전관리기준의 활용은 흙막이 굴착공사의 안전성을 판단하는데 훨씬 합리적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.4-19
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• 2019

다소의 부침(浮沈)이 있기는 하지만 보혁(保革)을 떠나 우리 정부는 북한지역 개발에 대한 구상을 발표해왔다. 그 백미는 현 정부의 경협(經協) 구상이다. 거기에 북미관계의 호전 가능성이 더해지면서 우리의 기대감은 한껏 높아지게 되었다. 그러한 일반의 기대감 이면에는 문화유산의 조사와 관리를 우려하는 목소리도 있다. 자칫 개발 논리에 밀려 문화 유산이 훼손되지는 않을지, 계획의 추진이 임박해서 종용하는 바람에 부실한 조사가 자행되지는 않을지 등이 그 대략이다. 그런데 현재 북한의 조사 관리 역량을 감안하건대, 우려의 불식은 남한 학계나 관계기관의 몫인 듯하다. 본고는 현재까지 발표된 경협 구상의 내용을 검토하고 대규모 국책사업에 관련된 지난 수십 년간의 우리 문화재 조사 경험을 되짚어보고 현재 우리의 조사 역량을 점검하면서 북한지역 개발에 따르는 조사 수요의 대략적인 규모나 직접적인 조사에 앞서 선결해야 할 문제들에 대해 논의한다. 그 선결작업의 첫걸음으로 이미 알려진 북한 문화유산에 대한 디지털지도 체계 구축을 제안한다. 현재 북한 문화유산의 위치나 입지에 대한 정보가 갖춰지지 않은 것을 감안하면 그 중요성은 재차 강조해도 지나치지 않을 것이다. 청동기시대를 대상으로 한 시험적 시도의 수행 결과 여러 지역, 특히 황해도 및 평양 일대에서는 경협사업 예상지역 내 유적이 밀집하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 미래 발견 가능성도 매우 높아 그 중요성이 더 부각된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.545-552
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• 2003

For temporary excavation support in a congested urban area, the strand of ground anchor should be removed to get permission of the private land to install anchors. But the strand doesn't need to be removed in the outside city area after use. So the anchor body, tension anchor, is fabricated in-situ. The unbonded length of This anchor has several strands, which wrap only one sheath. When the anchor body is carried into job-site or installed in the bore hole, the sheath is torn easily because it is a very week material. So the grout permeate into the torn sheath. Because of that, the load doesn't transfer to the bond length of ground anchors. It may indicate that load is being transferred along the unbonded length and thus within the potential slip surface assumed for overall stability of the anchored system. The load tests were performed on seven low-pressure grouted anchors installed in weathered soil to verify its problems. Four anchors(Type A) have the unbonded length, which consist of five strands and a week sheath and three anchors(Type B) have strands, which is covered by plastic sheath filled with grease, in the unbonded length. Both anchors are compared with load tests results.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.273-280
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• 2003

Tunneling in difficult geological conditions is often inevitable especially in urban areas. Ground improvement and reinforcement techniques are often required to guarantee safe tunnel excavations and/or to prevent damage to adjacent structures. The steel pipe-reinforced multi-step grouting method has been recently applied to tunnel sites in Korea as an auxiliary technique. In this study, the face stability with steel pipe-reinforced multi-step grouting was evaluated by simultaneously considering two factors: one is the effective stress acting on the tunnel face calculated by limit theorem and limit equilibrium method; the other is the seepage force obtained by means of numerical analysis. The study revealed that the influence of the steel pipe-reinforced multi-step grouting on the support pressure in dry condition is not significant while there is relatively a large amount of reduction in seepage forces by adopting the technique in saturated condition. The effect of the anisotropy of permeability on the seepage force acting on the tunnel face was also estimated by conducting the coupled analysis. It was found that a higher horizontal permeability compared with the vertical one causes reduction in the seepage force acting on the tunnel face.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.547-563
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• 2016

This paper describes a geotechnical field investigation in Giresun hazelnut licenced warehause and spot exchange during twelve months to determine the soil profile and static project applicability. It is also aimed to determine the superstructure loads and evaluate the relevance of foundation filling materials of the main, laboratory, package and admin buildings. The main building has $88.50{\times}63.20(5593.2)m^2$ site area. It has a big raft foundation. Eleven geotechnical reports were prepared between 2 December 2014 and 25 May 2015. Maximum settlements and safe bearing capacities were calculated to decide to be able to proceed to the next step. Also, the detail observations and evaluations were presented from October 2014 to December 2014. It has been seen that the foundation is designed as a single foundation one. But, in the light of observations, it has been evaluated that the foundation project for package building is not adequate, and after these excavations it must be revised as a raft foundation. The thickness of foundation and structural details should be defined/drawn after analyzing the details by using a special software. Construction joints should be designed between different buildings interfaces to avoid damages and cracks with in different settlements. The environmental drainage must be projected and applied to avoid the probable damage of surface waters on foundations.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2014

There are lots of and kinds of stone pagoda and stone Buddhas at Unjusa Temple in Hwasun, Jeonnam, which is thus called as Cheontap(千塔) or Cheonbul.(千佛) Several archaeological excavations have been conducted in Unjusa though, the foundation purpose or background motivation is yet wrapped in mystery. Circular shape is representative pagoda of Unjusa made of round frame or spherical roof but circular stone pagoda is unusual that there is no similar example found in India or China as well as in Korea. Located in the symbolic center, Circular stone pagoda is a key to understand Unjusa. Yundeung(輪燈) is made of stone for circular stone pagoda and there are craft lamp and large lamp. The large lamp, for the palace courtyard on the occasion of Palgwanhoe,(八關會) consists of discs and light on each disc. Outdoor lamp of circular stone pagoda made of stone for permanent preservation purpose. Unjusa is a very special temple with stone-yundeung for circular stone pagoda. In this study, a circular stone pagoda that is the source of yundeung said. Unjusa circular stone pagoda next to the title of 'yundeung pagoda' and proposes to call.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2012

게임산업의 비중이 커지면서 질적으로나 양적으로 콘텐츠를 생산해 내는 기술력은 급속하게 발전을 거듭하고 있다. 그러나 콘텐츠를 구성하는 이야기가 점차 고갈되어가고 있다. 따라서 문화콘텐츠산업을 뒷받침할 수 있는 스토리를 발굴해내는 작업이 시급한 과제로 부상되고 있다. 우리 사회 저변에 게임이라는 콘텐츠가 정착된 이후, 긍정적인 인식보다 부정적인 인식이 강하게 부각되어 왔다. 본고에서는 이러한 부정적인 요인을 치유할 수 있는 방법을 스토리텔링에서 찾아보고자 한다. 여기에서 중요한 사실은 기술적인 요소로써의 공학적인 상상력과 서사적인 요소로써의 인문학적인 상상력의 융합의 문제다. 최근, 이야기의 발굴이 매우 중요시되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 문화 원형적 성격을 지니고 있는 구비문학이 게임 스토리텔링의 훌륭한 소재가 될 수 있다는 사실을 사례로 제시해 보았다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.513-530
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• 2015

Commonly, the base stability of sheeted excavation pits against seepage failure by heave is evaluated by using two-dimensional groundwater flow models and Terzaghi's failure criterion. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of three-dimensional groundwater flow on the heave for sheeted excavation pits with various dimensions. For this purpose, the steady-state groundwater flow analyses are performed by using the finite element program ABAQUS 6.12. It has been shown that, in homogeneous soils depending on the ratio of half of excavation width to embedment depth b/D, the ratio of safety factor obtained from 3D analyses to that obtained from 2D analyses $FS_{(3D)}/FS_{(2D)}$ can reach up to 1.56 and 1.34 for square and circular shaped excavations, respectively. As failure body, both an infinitesimal soil column adjacent to the wall (Baumgart & Davidenkoff's criterion) and a three-dimensional failure body with the width suggested by Terzaghi for two-dimensional cases are used. It has been shown that the ratio of $FS_{(Terzaghi)}/FS_{(Davidenkoff)}$ varies between 0.75 and 0.94 depending on the ratio of b/D. Additionally, the effects of model size, the shape of excavation pit and anisotropic permeability on the heave are studied. Finally, the problem is investigated for excavation pits in stratified soils, and important points are emphasized.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Scythians kept herds of horses, cattle, and sheep, lived in tent-covered wagons, and fought with bows and arrows on horseback. They developed a rich culture characterized by opulent tombs, fine metalwork, and a brilliant art style. The excavations of royal burials have provided the most complete record of the jewelry of the Scythians. Typical art objects were in the form of stags or other animals, hammered or stamped out of gold and often inlaid with colored stones or glass. The Bracelet consisted of two of distinct technique : One made from heavy forged gold bars, terminated with more delicate spiraled finals. Another technique used beaten gold foil, perhaps as thick as a piece of paper with fabulous designs repousse and chased (impressed in relief into the gold with small hammers and chisels) into the metal. They also used stones and clay dies to form gold foil into people repeated also motifs for use in torques and belts. The Scythian Bracelet were divided into 4 styles according to the shape, Bracelets with ends shaped like beasts style, Spiral style, Layers style, Crown with openwork style. Scythian Bracelet in the Black Sea region had completely degenerated, stifled by motifs and shapes of Greek origin, retaining its representational realism and its full emotional vitality.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1999

스크류잭은 스트러트에 충분한 선행하중을 가할 수 없기 때문에 스크류잭을 이용한 버팀대공법은 주변지반의 변위를 억제하는데 효과적이지 못하다. 따라서 버팀 굴착시 주변지반의 과도한 변형을 방지하기 위하여 새로운 선행하중잭을 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 새로 개발된 선행하중잭과 그 장치를 이용하여 시공한 현장 중 3곳에서 측정한 흙막이벽체의 수평변위에 대한 결과를 소개하였다 현장에서 계측한 결과에 의하면 흙막이벽체의 최대수평변위는 굴착심도의 0.15% 이내로, 스트러트에 가해지는 선행하중에 의하여 최소화될 수 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그리고 경제성 분석을 위하여 스크류잭을 이용한 버팀대공법과 버팀대 선행하중공법에 의한 공비와 공기를 비교한 결과 버팀대 선행하중공법이 공사비와 공사기간의 단축에도 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.