• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Today, most architectural and engineering historians no longer consider the Home Insurance Building to be the first skyscraper. Despite this, the popular belief remains that William Le Baron Jenny invented the first skyscraper when he designed the Home Insurance Building in 1884. This paper recounts the history of how Jenney won the public debate starting in 1896, despite his building being only a small evolutionary step forward. In that year, a series of letters in The Engineering Record allowed Jenney and his colleagues to engage in a public relations campaign to recast the debate about the first skyscraper to place the Home Insurance Building as the pivotal structure in skyscraper history.

• ALGAE
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2018

Cryptic species complexes are increasingly recognized in phycological research, obscuring taxonomy and raising questions about factors influencing speciation. A recent exploration of kelp genetic diversity on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia revealed the existence of a new species, Saccharina druehlii, which is cryptic with Saccharina sessilis. This suggests that molecular investigations further north may be required to elucidate the taxonomy and evolutionary history of this lineage. Although, for several decades, S. sessilis was considered a single highly variable species, its taxonomy has been far from straightforward. In particular, Hedophyllum subsessile (Areschoug) Setchell is now recognized as a synonym of S. sessilis in North America, but as a growth form of Saccharina bongardiana in Far East Russia. To resolve this taxonomic confusion, we sequenced mitochondrial (CO1-5P) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer) markers of S. sessilis populations from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. Interestingly, none of our sequences matched S. sessilis sensu stricto. Instead, CO1-5P sequences from populations in the central and eastern Aleutians matched exactly S. druehlii with increasing sequence divergence occurring westward. Samples from Attu, the western-most island, composed a genetic group that clearly represents Kjellman's concept of Hafgygia bongardiana f. subsessilis and is distinct enough from S. druehlii and S. sessilis to potentially constitute a distinct species. Therefore, Saccharina subsessilis comb. nov. is proposed for this entity. Our results suggest the existence of a species complex at the crown node of S. sessilis and thus further investigation of Saccharina in Alaskan waters should be conducted to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this fascinating lineage.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2010

Objectives : The acupoint-meridian relationship of an acupoint is one of important features of the acupoint. It has also shown evolutionary development over the history of medicine. This study analyzed the prototype kind of information on acupoint-meridian relationships in the A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(the Classic) of 2c BCE. Methods : The acupoint-meridian relationship of all the acupoints listed in the Classic was counted and reviewed in comparison with the information in the contemporary standard texts. Results : In comparison with the contemporary standard of 361 meridian points, the Classic listed 349(97%) acupoints. Of contemporary standard 361 points, 287(81%) acupoints still maintain the same acupoint-meridian relationship as in the Classic. Conclusions : Acupoint-meridian relationship in the Classic has largely been maintained throughout the history and still comprises a major proportion of the contemporary body of knowledge on acupoint-meridian relationship.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.124-134
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• 2020

Here we review the evolutionary history of radiation therapy technology through the festschrift of articles in celebration of the 30th anniversary of Korean Society of Medical Physics (KSMP). Radiation therapy technology used in clinical practice has evolved over a long period of time. Various areas of science, such as medical physics, mechanical engineering, and computer engineering, have contributed to the continual development of new devices and techniques. The scope of this review was restricted to two areas; i.e., output energy production and functional development, because it is not possible to include all development processes of this technology due to space limitations. The former includes the technological transition process from the initial technique applied to the first model to the latest technique currently used in a variety of machines. The latter has had a direct effect on treatment outcomes and safety, which changed the paradigm of radiation therapy, leading to new guidelines on dose prescriptions, innovation of dose verification tools, new measurement methods and calculation systems for radiation doses, changes in the criteria for errors, and medical law changes in all countries. Various complex developments are covered in this review. To the best of our knowledge, there have been few reviews on this topic and we consider it very meaningful to provide a review in the festschrift in celebration of the 30th anniversary of the KSMP.

• ALGAE
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Genomic data is accumulating in public database at an unprecedented rate. Although presently dominated by the sequences of metazoan, plant, parasitic, and picoeukaryotic taxa, both expressed sequence tag (EST) and complete genomes of free-living algae are also slowly appearing. This wealth of information offers the opportunity to clarify many long-standing issues in algal and plant evolution such as the contribution of the plastid endosymbiont to nuclear genome evolution using the tools of comparative genomics and multi-gene phylogenetics. A particularly powerful approach for the automated analysis of genome data from multiple taxa is termed phylogenomics. Phylogenomics is the convergence of genomics science (the study of the function and structure of genes and genomes) and molecular phylogenetics (the study of the hierarchical evolutionary relationships among organisms, their genes and genomes). The use of phylogenetics to drive comparative genome analyses has facilitated the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of genes, gene families, and organisms. Here we survey the available genome data, introduce phylogenomic pipelines, and review some initial results of phylogenomic analyses of algal genome data.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.3-4
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• 2017

Recent advances in genome sequencing technologies have enabled humans to generate and investigate the genomes of wild species. This includes the big cat family, such as tigers, lions, and leopards. Adding the first high quality leopard genome, we have performed an in-depth comparative analysis to identify the genomic signatures in the evolution of felid to become the top predators on land. Our study focused on how the carnivore genomes, as compared to the omnivore or herbivore genomes, shared evolutionary adaptations in genes associated with nutrient metabolism, muscle strength, agility, and other traits responsible for hunting and meat digestion. We found genetic evidence that genomes represent what animals eat through modifying genes. Highly conserved genetically relevant regions were discovered in genomes at the family level. Also, the Felidae family genomes exhibited low levels of genetic diversity associated with decreased population sizes, presumably because of their strict diet, suggesting their vulnerability and critical conservation status. Our findings can be used for human health enhancement, since we share the same genes as cats with some variation. This is an example how wildlife genomes can be a critical resource for human evolution, providing key genetic marker information for disease treatment.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.75-91
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 유시티의 진화지도를 통하여 유시티 진화 특성을 분석하는데 있다. 유시티 진화 특성은 서비스, 기술, 인프라, 관리 등으로 구성된 STIM 모형의 관점에 따라 부문별 진화지도를 구축하여 분석하였다. 분석자료는 2002년부터 2013년까지 한국정보사회진흥원에서 발간한 국가정보화백서를 활용하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유시티 서비스는 행정 정보화 서비스, 기업 정보화 서비스, 행정 생활 정보화 서비스, 행정 공간 민간 정보화 서비스로 진화되었다. 둘째, 유시티 기술은 유선 네트워크, 센서 네트워크, 프로세싱 초고속 네트워크, 네트워크 및 보안, 융합기술 등으로 진화하였다. 셋째, 유시티 인프라는 유선 네트워크, 유 무선네트워크, 지능화시설(1990년대 후반), 지능형 시설 공간(2000년대 초반)으로 진화되었다. 넷째, 유시티 관리는 단위 네트워크 인프라 관리, 정보연계 및 운영 관리, 정보통합 및 참여운영 관리 등으로 진화 되었다. 따라서 유시티는 행정 중심의 정부 정보화, 기술 중심의 컴퓨터 지향 사회, 서비스 중심의 정보화 도시, 공간 중심의 유시티로 진화되었음을 알 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.631-639
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• 2016

China has a long history of sheep (Ovis aries [O. aries]) breeding and an abundance of sheep genetic resources. Knowledge of the complete O. aries mitogenome should facilitate the study of the evolutionary history of the species. Therefore, the complete mitogenome of O. aries was sequenced and annotated. In order to characterize the mitogenomes of 3 Chinese sheep breeds (Altay sheep [AL], Shandong large-tailed sheep [SD], and small-tailed Hulun Buir sheep [sHL]), 19 sets of primers were employed to amplify contiguous, overlapping segments of the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of each breed. The sizes of the complete mitochondrial genomes of the sHL, AL, and SD breeds were 16,617 bp, 16,613 bp, and 16,613 bp, respectively. The mitochondrial genomes were deposited in the GenBank database with accession numbers KP702285 (AL sheep), KP981378 (SD sheep), and KP981380 (sHL sheep) respectively. The organization of the 3 analyzed sheep mitochondrial genomes was similar, with each consisting of 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 control region (D-loop). The NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) and 8 tRNA genes were encoded on the light strand, whereas the rest of the mitochondrial genes were encoded on the heavy strand. The nucleotide skewness of the coding strands of the 3 analyzed mitogenomes was biased toward A and T. We constructed a phylogenetic tree using the complete mitogenomes of each type of sheep to allow us to understand the genetic relationships between Chinese breeds of O. aries and those developed and utilized in other countries. Our findings provide important information regarding the O. aries mitogenome and the evolutionary history of O. aries inside and outside China. In addition, our results provide a foundation for further exploration of the taxonomic status of O. aries.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

한 분류군의 진화의 역사를 파악하기 위해서는 분류군 내에서 가장 먼저 분지한 군(기저군)을 알아내는 것이 중요하다. 피자식물의 계통과 진화를 이해하고자 많은 식물학자들은 형태적 연구와 화석적 증거에 의해 현존하는 피자식물들 중 가장 먼저 분지하여 다른 모든 피자식물들과 자매군을 형성하는 분류군을 파악하려고 노력해 왔다. 최근 분자계통학의 기술적 발달과 자료의 축적으로 현생 기저 피자식물군에 대한 객관적 증거들이 제시되고 있다. 여전히 논쟁의 여지는 있지만, 대부분의 식물계통학자들은 1) 다수의 유전자들의 계통분석적 접근, 2) 복제된 두 유전자군의 계통수 네트웍 형성법, 3) 유전자의 구조적 접근 등의 분자적 증거에 의해 현생 기저 피자식물이 뉴칼레도니아에 자생하는 1과 1속 1종 식물인 Amborella trichopoda Baill.임에 동의하고 있다. 그러나 또 다른 가능성으로 Nymphaeaceae (수련과)와 A. trichopoda가 하나의 분계조를 형성하고 형성된 분계조가 다른 모든 피자식물의 자매군임을 지지하는 증거들도 일부 제시되어 현생 기저 피자식물에 대한 논쟁은 계속되고 있다. 현대 분자생물학적인 신기술의 발달은 대량의 분자적 자료를 제공하고 있어 이들 논쟁 해결의 실마리를 제공해 주고 있고, 진화적 모델식물로서의 Amborella 전체 유전체의 염기서열 결정과 이에 대한 파생연구는 Darwin이 지독하게 풀리지 않는 미스터리라 표현한 피자식물의 기원과 분화에 대한 해답을 제시해 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.149-151
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• 2005

We have studied the environmental effect on optical-NIR color gradients of 273 nearby elliptical galaxies. Color gradient is a good tool to study the evolutionary history of elliptical galaxies, since the steepness of the color gradient reflects merging history of early types. When an elliptical galaxy goes through many merging events, the color gradient can be get less steep or reversed due to mixing of stars. One simple way to measure color gradient is to compare half-light radii in different bands. We have compared the optical and near infrared half-light radii of 273 early-type galaxies from Pahre (1999). Not surprisingly, we find that $r_e(V)s$ (half-light radii measured in V-band) are in general larger than $r_e(K)s$ (half-light radii measured in K-band). However, when divided into different environments, we find that elliptical galaxies in the denser environment have gentler color gradients than those in the less dense environment. Our finding suggests that elliptical galaxies in the dense environment have undergone many merging events and the mixing of stars through the merging have created the gentle color gradients.