• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2020

This study analyzed the appropriate placement method by floor for evacuating all occupants during the nighttime through evacuation simulation. The analysis results are as follows. First, when non-self evacuating patients were placed on the first floor, 266 patients and 6 workers were found to be evacuated after 460 seconds. This result shows that it is meaningful to place non-self evacuating patients on the lower floor with a time that is faster than 540 seconds, which is an evaluation criterion set using life Safety standards for human. This result is a time faster than the evaluation criteria of 540 seconds, which is set using the life safety standards, and it can be confirmed that it is meaningful to place non-self evacuating patients on the lower floor. Next, as a result of placing non-self evacuating patients from the first floor to the fourth floor, it was found that evacuation of all occupants required 460 seconds for the first floor, 834 seconds for the second floor, 1,508 seconds for the third floor, and 1,915 seconds for the fourth floor. These results indicate that the placement of non-self evacuating patients on the rest of the floors, except for the first floor, can lead to dangerous results in excess of 540 seconds, which is a flashover time. As a result, it is necessary to place non-self evacuating patients on a lower floor for safe evacuation. The study has limitations except for comparative analysis of changes in evacuation time due to changes in the number of workers at eldery care hospitals and situations in which fire-fighting facilities such as sprinkler facilities operated. It is necessary to study the evacuation time linked to the operation of the fire-fighting facilities and the evacuation time according to the change in the number of workers in the future.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.107-108
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• 2020

There is a need to analyze various factors in evacuation safety assessment of building in fire. In the current performance based design, evacuation safety assessment in case of fire is being conducted through the simulation as FDS and Pathfinder. However, the location and size of the door, the location of evacuation in the event of a fire are not considered when design. Accordingly, it is difficult to determine the worst case scenario considering the actual fire. Therefore in this study, in this study, we will propose an appropriate evaluation plan through simulation considering the worst-case scenario that may occur in case of fire.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the safety of evacuation using the Pathfinder program for the alert at once, the priority alarm method, the priority alarm method for the four floors above, and the sequential priority alarm method, which is a modification of the priority alarm method specified in the tourist hotel building. Currently, in Korea's National Fire Safety Codes (NFSC), fire alarm methods are compulsorily applied differently depending on the number of floors and total floor area of a building. Although the growth rate is getting faster due to the diversification of building structures, it is still an obstacle to improving evacuation safety to comply with the standardized fire alarm method in NFSC. As a result of the experiment, the evacuation time was found to be faster with the priority alarm method for the four floors above than the priority alarm method applied to the specific firefighting object. Compared to the priority alarm method applied to the tourist hotel, which is a specific firefighting target with 5 or more floors and a total floor area of more than 3,000m2, the time was shortened by 3.7 seconds when measured by applying the priority alarm method for the four floors directly above. This indicates that it is necessary to take measures to select a fire alarm method suitable for the structure and environmental conditions of the building rather than applying the uniform NFSC regulations.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 지하가의 피난 안전성 평가 모델의 기반을 제시하고 그에 따른 프로그램을 개발하였다. 또한, 피난 안전성 평가에 필수적인 각종 자료들을 통합형 데이터베이스 기반으로 구축하여 적은 시간과 인력으로 효율적인 피난 안전성 평가를 수행할 수 있는 모델 제시 및 시스템을 구축하였고, 국내 지하가의 사례연구를 토대로 피난안전성평가시스템의 현장 적용성 및 신뢰성을 검증하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 환경에너지 시설내 전자기기실 내부의 화재 및 피난을 수치적 해석 방법을 통해 실시하고 평가하였다. 화재 시뮬레이션은 FDS을 이용하여 가시거리, 온도분포, CO의 농도분포 등을 분석하였다. 그 결과를 토대로 피난시뮬레이션인 Pathfinder프로그램을 사용하여, 재실자들의 피난시간을 계산하였으며 피난안전성 평가를 도출하였다. 그 결과 전자기기실 내부의 피난 허용시간은 P-01에서 203.3 s로 가장 단시간 내에 대피가 요구되었으며, P-05에서 398.6 s로 피난 허용시간이 가장 큰 값을 나타내었다. 피난 소요시간 분석 결과 모든 지점에서 모든 재실 인원이 대피가 이루어져 대피자의 안전성이 확보되는 것으로 판단되었다. 특히 이 시뮬레이션의 결과는 피난안전성능을 높이기 위하여 소방설비가 작동하지 않는 경우를 고려한 것으로서 실제 화재 발생 시 소방설비가 작동된다면 보다 우수한 안전을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 추계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.216-222
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• 2008

A large number of Computer-based fire growth and Evacuation model have been developed for various purpose and many of these are widely used for research and engineering. And Most of Egress simulation program are ordinary case only related to human behavior But Egress safety Evaluation is very closed to smog movement. It is well known that the Egress simulation program made by Tokyo Fire Department are related to smog movement. So It is the aim of this study to investigate on the Development of Egress Simulation for Evacuation Safety Evaluation of Tokyo Fire Dept. Department in Japan.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2018

Recent catastrophic accidents at the underground subway stations in South Korea have proven that the subway evacuation is an important safety concern. Previous studies have used commercial programs for safety assessment or have been focused on development of computing algorithms rather than the basic analysis data which form the foundation of studies. In this study, we designed a new movement recording apparatus which measured and analyzed crowd movements including but not limited to moving velocity, specific flow rate and crowd density. Moreover, We propose new effective analysis method for evacuation studies with this apparatus.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 화재 시뮬레이션인 FDS와 피난 시뮬레이션인 Pathfinder를 이용하여 건물의 중앙제어실을 화재발생 지점으로 설정하여 화재안전성 평가 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저 화재시뮬레이션을 이용하여 시간의 경과에 따른 가시거리 분포, 온도분포, CO의 농도분포 등의 정량적 결과를 도출 하였으며, 이 결과를 토대로 피난시뮬레이션을 실시하여 재실자들의 피난시간을 계산함으로써 최종적인 피난안전성 평가 결과를 도출하였다. 화재 시뮬레이션 결과 가시거리의 분포에 따라 위험도가 증가하기 때문에 이 값을 이용하여 피난시뮬레이션을 실시하였으며 그 결과 최종적으로 127.9초에 모든 인원이 대피하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 수치해석 결과 건물 내 모든 장소에서 피난 소요시간이 피난 허용시간을 초과하지 않는 것으로 분석됨에 따라 대피자의 안전성이 확보되는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 안전성 평가의 결과는 최악의 조건인 소방설비의 미작동에 근거한 종합안전성평가로서 실제 화재 발생 시 소방설비와 연계한다면 보다 우수한 피난안전성능이 확보될 것으로 평가할 수 있다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to grasp the effectiveness of evacuation safety design by verifying the appropriateness of the standard of occupant load factor for residential buildings. To this end, the definition and current standard of occupant load factor for residential buildings were analyzed, and the problems of the current standard were clarified by interviewing professionals. In addition, changes in occupant load factor were examined by year based on statistical research, and evaluation on the current standard $18.6m^2/pers.$ was performed. As for evaluation methods, the need of redesigning of evacuation capacity was investigated by using evacuation simulation. As a result of the analysis, the most serious problem was clarification of the applicable standard for residential officetel, where the average occupant load factor was $26.1m^2/pers.$, which was not appropriate. However, as a result of evaluation on evacuation capacity, although there was no difference between statistical research results and the current standard in terms of evacuation capacity, when the standard for business facilities was applied to officetel, evacuation time doubled. Thus, this study suggests that when the current standard is applied to residential officetel, it is necessary to separate between residential use and business use.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2000

대형 할인 마트의 인명 안전 설계를 위해 대상 건물을 선정, 피난로의 피난시간을 계산해 보았다. 피난계산은 두 가지 방법으로 하였는데, 하나는 Computer 피난 모델인 EXODUS이고, 다른 하나는 일본의 피난계산법이다. 연구방법은 모델의 특성연구, 실제 대상 및 시나리오 선정, 그리고 피난 계산을 하였다. 연구결과, 대상 건물은 매우 높은 피난시간이 계산되어 설계된 피난로는 설정된 인구 이상의 용량을 피난시킬 수 없는 부적절한 것임을 알 수 있었다.