• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.104-125
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the anti-microbial of various herbal extracts on six types of bacteria related to skin diseases and effects of Saussurea lappa extract on dermatitis and acne. The results are followed ; 1. In the experiment on P. acnes using paper disk methods, Eugenia caryophyllata extract made 19mm clear zone, Saussurea lappa extract and Morus alba extract made 13mm and MIC of Morus alba extract and Eugenia caryophyllata extract was below 0.01$\%$. 2. In the experiment on S. aureus, extract of Eugenia caryophyllata, Poncirus trifoliata and Rubus coreanus made 9-10mm clear zone. 3. In the experiment on C. xerosis, Sesamum indicum extract made 16mm clear zone and MIC of that was 0.3$\%$. 4. In the experiment on C. albicans, extract of Cinnamomum cassia, Eugenia caryophyllata and Asparagus cochinchinensis made 9-10mm clear zone. 5. In the experiment on P. ovale, Cinnamomum cassia extract made 25mm clear one, MIC of that was 0.05$\%$. 6. In the experiment on T. mentagrophytes, Cinnamomum cassia extract made 26mm clear zone, extract of Eugenia caryophyllata, Rhizoma kaempferiae, Piper longum, Saussurea lappa and Zingiber officinale made 18-22mm clear zone, MIC of all extracts was below 0.02$\%$. 7. Saussurea lappa extract inhibited 85$\%$ and 28$\%$ of NO production at 50㎍／㎖ and 5 ㎍／㎖ 8. Saussurea lappa extract inhibited activity of COX Ⅱ over 50$\%$ at 10㎍／㎖ 9. Saussurea lappa extract had not radical scavenging activity and Saussurea lappa extract didn't inhibit manifestation of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$, and activity of 50- reductase I.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.481-488
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. water and 70% ethanol extracts. The content of total polyphenol was significantly higher in water extract than in 70% ethanol extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of water extract was similar to that of Vit. C at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The ABTS radical scavenging activities of water and 70% ethanol extract were similar to that of Vit. C at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. SOD-like activity of water extract was higher than that of 70% ethanol extract at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ but lower than that of Vit. C. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and SOD-like activity increased as concentrations of water and 70% ethanol extracts increased. Cell cytotoxicity was not observed at all concentrations except at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of water extract. Inhibitory activity on NO production effect of water extract was significantly higher than that of 70% ethanol extract. These results show that E. caryophyllata Thunb. has potent biological activities, and their activities were different depending on extraction solvent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.583-588
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• 2017

This study examined the antioxidant and neuronal cell protective effects of the water and methanol extracts of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. The total polyphenol content was significantly higher in the methanol extract than in the water extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activity in the water extract was similar to Vit. C at a concentration of $100{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$. The ABTS radical scavenging activity in the water and methanol extract was similar to Vit. C at a concentration of $800{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity in the methanol extract was similar to Vit. C at a concentration of $800{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging and (SOD)-like activity increased with increasing extract concentration. In a cell viability using MTT, the water extract (50 and 100 ppm) and methanol extract (100 ppm) had a protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity.The result ssuggest that the extract of E. caryophyllata Thunb. has antioxidant activities and may be useful for treating neurodegenerative disorders.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

To develop natural antimicrobial agents for keeping qualities of postharvested greenhouse produce the antimiocrobial actions of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. extract , which showed remarkable antimicrobial effects against microorganism causing the postharvest decay of greenhouse produce, were investigate. In the inhibitory experiment of enzymes related to energy production metabolism hexokinase activities decreased to 73% and 68% by treating with Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et.Zucc. extract and Eugenia caryophyllata Thumnberg extract in comparison with control, respectively. Direct visualization of microbial cells by using both transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope showed that microbial cell membrane was destroyed by treating with the dilute extract solution. this change of celluloar membrane permeability could be identified in the experiment that 0-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-galactopyrano-side(ONPG), the artificial substrate of ${\beta}$-galactosidase, was hydrolyzed in the presence of the extract, indicating that the membrane was perturbed. The separation and identification of the most antimicrobialo substances isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb et. Zucc. extract and Eugenia caryophyllata Thunberg extract were carried out by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry 9GC/MSD), which were identified as eugenol. As a result, the functionality of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. extract and Eugenia caryophyllata Thunberg extract as antimicrobial agents for keeping qualities of postharvested greenhouse produce may be recommended.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.196-199
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• 2003

The methanol extracts from 60 plant extracts were prepared and evaluated for their antioxidative activity. Arctium lappa, Diospyros kaki, Eugenia caryophyllata, Melia azedarach and Forsythia suspensa showed the inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation. Caesalpinia sappan, Crataegus pinnatifida, Eugenia caryophyllata, Gleditsia japonica, Osmunda japonica, Rhus javanica and Sanguisorba officinalis showed the highest inhibitory activity against DPPH radical formation. In particular, Eugenia caryophyllata demonstrated strong inhibitory activity on the lipid peroxidation and free radicals. The results suggested that selected plant extracts have a potential as natural antioxidant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.543-548
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• 2000

EC-2B와 EC-2C 획분은 정향(Eugenia caryophyllata)의 알칼리 추출물로부터 에탄올 침전, cetavlon 처리 및 한외여과를 거쳐 분획하였다. EC-2B 획분은 APTT에서 항응고 활성을 가지는 반면, EC-2C 획분은 APTT와 TT 모두에서 항응고 활성을 가지고 있으며 EC-2B와 EC-2C에서 모두 혈소판 응집억제능을 관찰할 수 있었다. EC-2B와 EC-2C 획분의 경구투여에서 두 획분 모두 독성이 없었으며 EC-2B 획문은 1,000 mg/kg (mouse, intravenours)에서도 독성이 없었으나, EC-2C 획분은 LD50 322 mg/kg 정도의 독성을 가지고 있었다. 두 획분의 in vivo 성에서의 항응고 활성을 60% 생존율을 갖는 dose로 표시한 결과 EC-2B는 131 mg/kgdlsep 비해 EC-2C는 58 mg/kg로 활성의 차이가 in vitro에서 보다 크게 나타났다. 이 두획분을 sulfation시킨 후 활성의 변화를 ex vivo를 통해 확인한 결과 두 획분 모두 활성이 증가하였으며 특히 EC-2B 획분의 활성이 급격히 증가하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2006

In previous our studies, we have reported that eugenol derived from Eugenia caryophyllata(Myrtaceace) exhibits acute N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)- and oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures and protects hippocampal neurons from global ischemia. In this study, we investigated whether the extracts and fractions of E. caryophyllata or eugenol shows the neuroprotective effects against delayed neuronal injury evoked by NMDA or ${\alpha}$-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole propionate(AMPA), and oxidative damage induced by arachidonic acid-, hydrogen peroxide-, $FeCl_2$/ascorbic acid-, and buthionine sulfoximine(BSO) in primary cortical cultures. We examined the neurotoxicity of eugenol itself in cultures and inhibitory effect of eugenol on NMDA- or kainate(KA)-induced convulsion in BALB/c mice. Each water, methanol extract and methanol fraction of E. caryophyllata was significantly attenuated NMDA-induced delayed neurotoxicity, respectively. Eugenol exhibited a significant inhibitory action against the convulsion evoked by NMDA and KA, and reduced delayed or brief neurotoxicity induced by NMDA, AMPA, and various oxidative injuries. These results suggest that eugenol derived from E. caryophyllata may contribute the neuroprotection against delayed-type excitotoxicity and excitotoxins-mediated convulsion through the amelioration of oxidative stress.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of functional herbal foods on the growth of intestinal lactic acid bacteria. When Bifidobacterium breve and human intestinal microflora were inoculated in the general anaerobic medium which contained each functional food water extract, most of functional herbal foods induced the growth of lactic acid bacteria by decreasing pH of the broth. The pH decreasing effects of Liriipe platyphylla and Platycodon grandiflorum were excellent. The growth of lactic acid bacteria effectively inhibited the bacterial enzymes, $\beta$-glucosidase and $\beta$ -glucuronidase. Eugenia caryophyllata and Liriipe platyphylla potently inhibited the productivity of P -glucosidase of B. breve and human intestinal bacteria. Cinnamomum cassia, Gardenia jasminoides and Platycodon grandiflorum potently inhibited the productivity of $\beta$-glucuronidase of human intestinal bacteria. The growth component isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum was sucrose (compound B).

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.740-747
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• 2014

Antifungal properties of clove(Eugenia caryophyllata) against food spoilage microorganism, Penicillium rugullosum IFO 4683 was investigated. Antifungal activity of the essential oil was as equivalent as potassium metabisulfite and myconazole. The clove extracts was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fraction. Hexane fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect on the Penicillium rugullosum IFO 4683. Hexane fraction was further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography(TLC). The antifungal compound was isolated from their fractions and their chemical structures were identified as eugenol, eugenol acetate and chavicol by EI-MS, $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.309-314
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• 2020

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant effects of 10 kinds of medicinal plants and vegetable extracts and total extracts. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTS assay, and the antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging activity and Riboflavin-derived superoxide inhibitory activity (SQA). As a result, cytotoxicity was safe for all 10 medicinal plants, vegetable extracts and total extracts. DPPH free radical scavenging ability was observed in Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. Arctium lappa, Total extract was excellent, and Riboflavin-derived superoxide inhibitory activity (SQA) was found in Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Arctium lappa, Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc., Excellent, but total extract showed the best antioxidant effect. As a result of comparing the antioxidant effects of medicinal plants and vegetables using traditional ingredients, the antioxidant activity was increased when used as a mixture than when used alone. It is considered that it can be used as an antioxidant functional material, and it is expected to be of value when developing antioxidant material in the future.