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Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities and Physical Characteristics of Sargassum thunbergii Extract (지충이 추출물의 항산화, 항균 활성 및 물리적 특성에 미치는 감마선 조사의 영향)

  • Lee, So-Jeong;Song, Eu-Jin;Lee, So-Young;Kim, Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri;Yoon, So-Young;Lee, Chung-Jo;Jung, Ji-Yeon;Park, Na-Bi;Kwak, Ji-Hee;Park, Jin-Gyu;Kim, Jae-Hun;Choi, Jong-Il;Lee, Ju-Woon;Byun, Myung-Woo;Ahn, Dong-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.431-437
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    • 2010
  • This study was carried out to determine the effect of gamma irradiation (3-20 kGy) on the antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and physical characteristics of Sargassum thunbergii (ST) extracts. When ST powder was treated by gamma irradiation, the yields and total phenolic compounds (TPC) of water extracts were increased, but radical scavenging activities were not changed. When ST extract was irradiated, the TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activities were increased. In addition, gamma irradiation of ST extract decreased viscosity and removed color. These results suggest that gamma irradiation would be a useful method for improving the physical characteristics of ST extract while maintaining native biological activities.

Assessment of Regional Nitrogen Loading of Animal Manure by Manure Units in Cheorwon-gun (분뇨단위 설정에 의한 철원군 지역의 가축분뇨 질소부하 평가)

  • Ryoo, Jong-Won
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to give basic information of the animal manure management by manure units determination for recycling farming in Cheorwon-gun. Manure units (MU) are used in the permitting, registration, and the environmental process because they allow equal standards for all animals based on manure nutrient production. An MU is calculated by multiplying the number of animals by manure unit factor for the specific type of animal. The manure unit factor for MU determination was determined by dividing amounts of manure N produced 80 kg N/year. Conversion to manure units is a procedure used to determine nutrient pollution equivalents among the different animal types. In this study, the manure unit factor based on nitrogen in Hanwoo, dairy cow, pig were 0.36, 0.8 0.105, respectively. The analysis of manure unit per ha shows that the N loading by MU is quite different by region. The nitrogen loading of manure unit (MU) per ha of cultivated land was the highest in the Galmal-eup on province with 2.4 MU/ha, which is higher than the appropriate level. The Seo-myeon province came next with 1.92 MU/ha. To be utilized as a valid program to build the recycling farming system, diverse measures shall be mapped out to properly determine manure units, evaluate N-loading and to properly manage their nutrient balance of each region.

Study on the Analytical Method and Monitoring of the Oxidized Polyethylene Wax in Foods (식품 중 oxidized polyethylene wax 분석법 연구 및 함유량 실태 조사)

  • Choi, Seung-Hyun;Kim, Jae-Min;Choi, Sun-il;Jung, Tae-Dong;Cho, Bong-Yeon;Lee, Jin-Ha;Lee, Gunyoung;Lim, Ho Soo;Yun, Sang Soon;Lee, Ok-Hwan
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.284-289
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    • 2017
  • Oxidized polyethylene wax (OPEW) is, one of the food additives, used as a coating agent in citrus fruits and nuts. OPEW is authorized to quantum satis in EU, USA, and is acceptable less than 250 mg/kg in Australia and New Zealand. But OPEW is unauthorized as a food additive in Korea. This study was to establish the analytical method of OPEW and demonstrate the effective application of various food samples. We first conducted to compare the various analytical method including acid value (AV), high temperature gel permeation chromatography (HT-GPC), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). This result indicated that FT-IR spectrum of OPEW treated food sample displayed absorption bands for carbonyl group (C=O, $1714cm^{-1}$), ester group (C-O, $1463cm^{-1}$), aliphatic group (C-H, $2916cm^{-1}$). Furthermore, IR spectrum of OPEW treated food sample showed similar tendency with IR spectrum of OPEW standard. Therefore, it is confirmed that analytical method using FT-IR can be detected on analysis of OPEW in food. As a result of monitoring of 111 samples using established analytical method, OPEW was not detected in the food samples.

A Clinical Analysis of Pneumonia in Acute Drug Intoxication (급성 약물 중독환자에서 발생된 폐렴의 임상양상 및 위험인자에 대한 고찰)

  • Yoon, Hyun Ju;Son, Ji Woong;Choi, Eu Gene
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.59 no.4
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    • pp.380-388
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    • 2005
  • Background : Acute drug intoxication has recently become an important issue in the social and clinical areas. There are various complications associated with acute drug intoxication such as pneumonia, but the process is was not fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze our cases of pneumonia associated with acute drug intoxication and to determine the associated risk factors. Methods : Forty four cases out of 237 patients, who were acute drug intoxicated from May 2000 to Feb. 2005, were diagnosed with pneumonia at the Konyang University hospital. These cases were analyzed by a retrospective review of their medical records. Results : The incidence of pneumonia in acute drug intoxication was 18.6%. There was no gender difference in terms of the incidence, but the age group with the highest incidence was in the $5^{th}$ decade (22.5%) followed by the $7^{th}$ decade (17.9%). Most common drug of associated with pneumonia was organophosphate insecticides, and the others were herbicides. Suicidal attempts were the most common motive of intoxication. The incidence of pneumonia was increased in old age (${\beta}=0.128$, p<0.05). A drowsy or comatous mental status was an independent risk factors of pneumonia (${\beta}=-0.209$, p=0.006). A longer hospital duration was also a risk factor for pneumonia (${\beta}=0.361$, p<0.001). The intubated state, intensive care unit care and longer duration of admission correlated with the course of pneumonia in acute drug intoxicated patients (p<0.05). The culture study revealed MRSA to be most common pathogen. Conclusion : The incidence of pneumonia associated with acute drug intoxication was higher in the older aged patients, those with a decreased initial mental status and a longer hospital duration. The number of days in the intensive care unit and intubation were associated prognostic factors for pneumonia in acute drug intoxication patients.

Comparative Study on Eating Habits, Dietary Intake Patterns, and Nutrient Intakes Between Elementary School Children With and Without Atopic Dermatitis (일부 초등학생의 아토피피부염 유무에 따른 식습관, 식품섭취양상 및 영양소섭취상태 비교 연구)

  • Park, Nam-Suk;Jeon, Eu-Sun;Kim, Young-Nam;Cho, Kyung-Dong;Baek, Ok-Hee;Lee, Bog-Hieu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.38 no.11
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    • pp.1543-1550
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    • 2009
  • The aim of this study was to examine and compare the eating habits, dietary intake patterns and nutrient intake status of children with and without atopic dermatitis by questionnaire during July, 2008. A total 388 subjects of 5th and 6th grade elementary school children (AG: atopic group, n=65, NG: non-atopic group, n=323) in Seoul and Ulsan areas participated in this study. The questionnaire included general characteristics, dietary habits, and atopy-related food frequency. One-day 24 hour recall was collected to estimate nutrient intakes of the subjects. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test for food frequency analysis and by t-test for nutrient intakes. Atopy-related foods included milk, buckwheat, beef, pork, chicken, crab, egg, mackerel, peach, and tomato. From the findings, AG had a more irregular eating habit than NG (p<0.05). In case of food frequency, AG tended to consume more atopy-related foods than NG (p>0.05). The nutrient intakes of AG were significantly lower than those of NG (p<0.05), but only intake of animal iron in AG was higher than NG (p<0.05). NG consumed more protein than AG (p<0.05). Although milk was a noted hypersensitive allergic food, frequency and the amount of milk intake were not significantly different between two groups. In conclusion, atopic children had eaten more atopy-related foods and less nutrient intakes. Therefore, it is necessary to educate on good nutrition and guide atopic children and their parents.

A comparative study between Korea and the USA on the development process in retail trade & its changing locations (소매업의 발달과정과 입지 변화에 관한 한.미 비교 연구)

  • Jeon, Kyung-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.21-40
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    • 2000
  • The retail trades in many countries have changed recently according to the high quality, diversification, and marked individuality of consumer needs. Under the continually competing system of the WTO agreement, corporations based in the USA and the EU try to raise their market share in other countries so it is inevitable for Korean retail enterprises to compete with them. This paper is aimed at contributing to the efficient growth for Korean retail trade from the analysis of the development process in retail trade and its changing locations comparing Korea and the USA. Retailers in the USA have practiced diversified marketing strategies considerably in order to survive in a rapidly changing retailing environment. American retailing, which has the most advanced marketing system in the world, has been of growing concern to marketing strategies in Korea. The following is a brief summary of this study. 1. Speedy and higher quality consumption is needed in accordance with the great increase in the single-family household and the female labor force participation both in Korea and in the USA. Senior citizens have become a new consumer group due to the aging population. In the future the retail trade will switch over to diversified retail formats and internet shopping as countries are transformed into information and communication societies. 2. In Korea, the former retail system characterized by markets and department stores has been greatly changed since the late 1980s with emphasis on high quality and convenience in consumption behaviors, with large domestic enterprises and foreign distribution corporations participating in Korean retailing. In the USA, retailing mergers and takeovers by major retails, bankruptcies, and extra-large shopping centers have emerged since the late 1980s. Recently, the USA retailing formats have been changed from the lower price-oriented discount types to the large scale theme parks. Much emphasis was put on entertainment, resorts, and convention centers. On the other hand, non-store types, such as the internet shopping, the CATV shopping, as well as catalog and mail-order sales are drastically increasing, although the proportion of their sales is low up to now. 3. In Korea, most of the retail facilities are concentrated in Seoul and the Metropolitan Region, and the distribution ratio of facilities came to 52% in 1997. The periodic markets, traditional markets which open on a periodic basis, are located mainly in Chollanam-do and Kyungsangbuk-do. The large-sized discount stores have expanded their locations to the over-crowded apartment complexes in new towns, located in the Metropolitan Region, and the large provincial cities, unlike the suburban locations in the USA. Therefore we needed to give attention to the locational relations in retail facilities between Seoul & the Metropolitan Region and rural settlement areas. In the USA, urban areas grew quickly with the development of the automobile in the 1920s, and the location of stores changed from a dispersed style centering around rural areas to a centralized one in urban areas. There is an accelerated growth for suburban areas, which have grown rapidly since 1950. As the membership warehouse clubs were introduced in the 1970s, the decentralization of location was more intensified. On the other hand, inner cities were revitalized by rearranging existing facilities to cope with suburban areas. And the location-free virtual retailing & TV shopping are also growing every year. 4. In view of the above, the continuous and desirable development devices in Korean retail trade are summarized as follows: First, the countermeasures against economies of scale, increase in retailing sales, and rise of a employment percentage in retailing are in need. Second, a scheme of lowering the proportion of food retail sales, and increasing a ratio of durable goods sales need to be worked out. Third, the original ideas are needed to apply positively information, communication and technology to retailing, to graft the traditional types on modem ones based on the social culture. Fourth, strategies are needed to strengthen the competitiveness of our retail trade through cooperation and chains of smaller retailers, the large enterprises participating in the distribution industry. Fifth, in order to realize the above, the retail industry, the administration, and the academic world should support the retail segment with concern and a practical strategy plan.

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Policy Suggestions Regarding to Soil Quality Levels in Korea from a Comparison Study of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark's Soil Quality Policies (토양질 기준에 관한 주요 외국 정책의 비교분석을 통한 우리나라의 토양질 기준 개념설정과 적용)

  • Park Yong-Ha;Yang Jae-E;Ok Yong-Sik
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2005
  • Policies regarding to soil quality of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, and Demark were analyzed to suggest Korean policy for improving soil quality concept and it's implementation. All countries met four criteria: I) Soil quality levels of contaminants are indebt to concept of contaminant risk to recipients (human and ecosystem); ii) Any soil quality value can't be a magic number to determine whether a site is contaminated or not. To determine risk of sites, risk assessment of the sites should be followed; iii) Concentrations of contaminants of sites are not always significantly certain to risk of human and ecosystem of the sites; and iv) Soil quality levels are adopted based on land uses and plans. Considering our rooms to improve policies and analysis of the other country reports on their legislations about soil quality levels, our policy implementation could be approached from these directions: i) Our concept for soil quality levels needs to develop in scientific and rational. ii) Soil quality levels and risk assessment should be implemented as determining tools of site contamination in parallel, and iii) Soil quality levels depending on land uses and plans should be developed in debt with rational and scientific concept of risk. Increasing efficacy of Korea policy regarding the soil quality levels would be in dept to applying concepts of SCL (Soil Contamination Level) and SRL (Soil Regulatory Level) developed, implementing soil quality levels and risk assessment of contaminated sites in conjunction, and classifying three distinctions of land uses based on sensitiveness of recipients (human and ecosystem) to contaminants in soil in this research.

Monitoring of Microorganism Contamination in Children-Preferred Confectioneries in Korea (서울·경인지역 유통판매중인 과자류의 위생지표 세균 및 식중독균 오염도 조사)

  • Koo, Eun Joo;Chung, So Young;Park, Ji Eun;Kwon, Yu Jihn;Seo, Dong Hyuk;Jung, Yu Young;Cho, Kyong Chul;Lee, Yo A;Min, Hee Eun;Kim, Eu Gene;Kim, Hyun Jung;Kim, Seul Ki;Choi, Sun Ok;Lim, Chul Ju
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.322-326
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    • 2014
  • According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, USA) recently it was reported that the children (< 5 year-old children) were more susceptible to Foodborne-illness. Confectionery products should be strictly controlled because they are children-preferred foods. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS, South of Korea) tried to monitor contamination of organisms in confectionery products (such as biscuits, candies, chewing gums and ice candies) distributed in South Korea. MFDS evaluated the levels of indicator organisms: total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli as well as the levels of food-borne illness organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens. Experimental plans for microbiological test were in accordance with the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Food (ICMSF). For this study, 1,005 samples were collected and from Seoul and Gyeongin region, South Korea. The average level of total aerobic bacteria in 1,005 samples was 1.7 log Colony Forming Unit(CFU)/g and the detection rate was 26.8%. The average level of Bacillus cereus was detected in 1.7 log CFU/g and the rate was 0.9%. There was no detection of coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens. The results of this study will be provided as the basic data to set the reasonable microbiological criteria of Korea Food Code.

The Classification System and Information Service for Establishing a National Collaborative R&D Strategy in Infectious Diseases: Focusing on the Classification Model for Overseas Coronavirus R&D Projects (국가 감염병 공동R&D전략 수립을 위한 분류체계 및 정보서비스에 대한 연구: 해외 코로나바이러스 R&D과제의 분류모델을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Doyeon;Lee, Jae-Seong;Jun, Seung-pyo;Kim, Keun-Hwan
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.127-147
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    • 2020
  • The world is suffering from numerous human and economic losses due to the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The Korean government established a strategy to overcome the national infectious disease crisis through research and development. It is difficult to find distinctive features and changes in a specific R&D field when using the existing technical classification or science and technology standard classification. Recently, a few studies have been conducted to establish a classification system to provide information about the investment research areas of infectious diseases in Korea through a comparative analysis of Korea government-funded research projects. However, these studies did not provide the necessary information for establishing cooperative research strategies among countries in the infectious diseases, which is required as an execution plan to achieve the goals of national health security and fostering new growth industries. Therefore, it is inevitable to study information services based on the classification system and classification model for establishing a national collaborative R&D strategy. Seven classification - Diagnosis_biomarker, Drug_discovery, Epidemiology, Evaluation_validation, Mechanism_signaling pathway, Prediction, and Vaccine_therapeutic antibody - systems were derived through reviewing infectious diseases-related national-funded research projects of South Korea. A classification system model was trained by combining Scopus data with a bidirectional RNN model. The classification performance of the final model secured robustness with an accuracy of over 90%. In order to conduct the empirical study, an infectious disease classification system was applied to the coronavirus-related research and development projects of major countries such as the STAR Metrics (National Institutes of Health) and NSF (National Science Foundation) of the United States(US), the CORDIS (Community Research & Development Information Service)of the European Union(EU), and the KAKEN (Database of Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research) of Japan. It can be seen that the research and development trends of infectious diseases (coronavirus) in major countries are mostly concentrated in the prediction that deals with predicting success for clinical trials at the new drug development stage or predicting toxicity that causes side effects. The intriguing result is that for all of these nations, the portion of national investment in the vaccine_therapeutic antibody, which is recognized as an area of research and development aimed at the development of vaccines and treatments, was also very small (5.1%). It indirectly explained the reason of the poor development of vaccines and treatments. Based on the result of examining the investment status of coronavirus-related research projects through comparative analysis by country, it was found that the US and Japan are relatively evenly investing in all infectious diseases-related research areas, while Europe has relatively large investments in specific research areas such as diagnosis_biomarker. Moreover, the information on major coronavirus-related research organizations in major countries was provided by the classification system, thereby allowing establishing an international collaborative R&D projects.

Usefulness of Pulsatile Flow Aortic Aneurysm Phantoms for Stent-graft Placement (스텐트그라프트 장치술을 위한 대동맥류 혈류 팬텀의 유용성)

  • Kim, Tae-Hyung;Ko, Gi-Young;Song, Ho-Young;Park, In-Kook;Shin, Ji-Hoon;Lim, Jin-Oh;Kim, Jin-Hyoung;Choi, Eu-Gene K.
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.205-212
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    • 2007
  • To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a pulsatile aortic aneurysm phantoms for in-vitro study. The phantoms consisted of a pulsating motor part(heart part) and an aortic aneurysm part, which mimicked true physiologic conditions. The heart part was created from a high-pressured water pump and a pulsatile flow solenoid valve for the simulation of aortic flow. The aortic aneurysm part was manufactured from paper clay, which was placed inside a acrylic plastic square box, where liquid silicone was poured. After the silicone was formed, the clay was removed, and a silicone tube was used to connect the heart and aneurysm part. We measured the change in pressure as related to the opening time(pulse rate, Kruskal-Wallis method) and pressure before and after the stent-graft implantation(n = 5, Wilcoxon's signed ranks test). The changes in blood pressures according to pulse rate were all statistically significant(p<0.05). The systolic/diastolic pressures at the proximal aorta, the aortic aneurysm, and the distal aorta of the model were $157.80{\pm}1.92/130.20{\pm}1.92$, $159.40{\pm}1.14/134.00{\pm}2.92$, and $147.20{\pm}1.480/129.60{\pm}2.70\;mmHg$, respectively, when the pulse rate was 0.5 beat/second. The pressures changed to $161.40{\pm}1.34/90.20{\pm}1.64$, $175.00{\pm}1.58/93.00{\pm}1.58$, and $176.80{\pm}1.48/90.80{\pm}1.92\;mmHg$, respectively, when the pulse rate was 1.0 beat/second, and $159.40{\pm}1.82/127.20{\pm}1.48$, $166.60{\pm}1.67/138.00{\pm}1.87$, and $161.00{\pm}1.22/135.40{\pm}1.67\;mmHg$, respectively, when it was 1.5 beat/second. When pulse rate was set at 1.0 beat/second, the pressures were $143.60{\pm}1.67/90.20{\pm}1.64$, $147.20{\pm}1.92/84.60{\pm}1.82$, and $137.40{\pm}1.52/88.80{\pm}1.64\;mmHg$ after stent-graft implantation. The changes of pressure before and after stent-graft implantation were statistically significant(p<0.05) except the diastolic pressures at the proximal(p =1.00) and distal aorta(p=0.157). The aortic aneurysm phantoms seems to be useful for the evaluation of the efficacy of stent-graft before animal or clinical studies because of its easy reproducibility and ability to display a wide range of pressures.

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