A Clinical Analysis of Pneumonia in Acute Drug Intoxication

급성 약물 중독환자에서 발생된 폐렴의 임상양상 및 위험인자에 대한 고찰

  • Yoon, Hyun Ju (Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine, Konyang University) ;
  • Son, Ji Woong (Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine, Konyang University) ;
  • Choi, Eu Gene (Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine, Konyang University)
  • 윤현주 (건양대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 손지웅 (건양대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 최유진 (건양대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Received : 2005.03.21
  • Accepted : 2005.09.12
  • Published : 2005.10.30

Abstract

Background : Acute drug intoxication has recently become an important issue in the social and clinical areas. There are various complications associated with acute drug intoxication such as pneumonia, but the process is was not fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze our cases of pneumonia associated with acute drug intoxication and to determine the associated risk factors. Methods : Forty four cases out of 237 patients, who were acute drug intoxicated from May 2000 to Feb. 2005, were diagnosed with pneumonia at the Konyang University hospital. These cases were analyzed by a retrospective review of their medical records. Results : The incidence of pneumonia in acute drug intoxication was 18.6%. There was no gender difference in terms of the incidence, but the age group with the highest incidence was in the $5^{th}$ decade (22.5%) followed by the $7^{th}$ decade (17.9%). Most common drug of associated with pneumonia was organophosphate insecticides, and the others were herbicides. Suicidal attempts were the most common motive of intoxication. The incidence of pneumonia was increased in old age (${\beta}=0.128$, p<0.05). A drowsy or comatous mental status was an independent risk factors of pneumonia (${\beta}=-0.209$, p=0.006). A longer hospital duration was also a risk factor for pneumonia (${\beta}=0.361$, p<0.001). The intubated state, intensive care unit care and longer duration of admission correlated with the course of pneumonia in acute drug intoxicated patients (p<0.05). The culture study revealed MRSA to be most common pathogen. Conclusion : The incidence of pneumonia associated with acute drug intoxication was higher in the older aged patients, those with a decreased initial mental status and a longer hospital duration. The number of days in the intensive care unit and intubation were associated prognostic factors for pneumonia in acute drug intoxication patients.

배 경 : 증가하는 사회적, 가정 문제들로 인하여 약물 중독은 해마다 늘고 있는 추세이나 최근 이에 대한 보고들이 적었고 특히 약물중독의 합병증 중 흔히 경험하게 되는 폐렴과 연관되어서는 잘 알려진 바가 없다. 이에 본 연구자들은 급성약물 중독 환자에서 발생한 폐렴의 임상양상과 그에 연관된 위험인자 및 예후인 자에 대해 조사하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 5월부터 2004년 5월까지 건양대학교 병원 응급실로 내원한 급성 약물 중독환자 237명을 대상으로 환자군의 연령, 성별, 약물 복용목적과 종류, 경과 및 중환자실 치료 여부, 특히 폐렴과 관련된 인자들을 의무기록을 통하여 후향적으로 조사, 분석하였다. 결 과 : 급성 약물중독환자에서 발생한 폐렴은 18.6%였으며 고령에서 많이 발생하였고 (45%) 유기인제에 의한 중독이 가장 많았으며 (28.3%) 성별간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 자살 목적의 음독이 68.8% 에 해당하였으며 폐렴 발생의 독립적인 위험인자는 65세 이상의 고령 (${\beta}=0.128$,p<0.05)과 초기 저하된 의식상태 (${\beta}=-0.209$, p=0.006) 그리고 긴 재원기간 (${\beta}=0.361$, p<0.001) 이었다. 폐렴의 예후와 관련하여서는 기도 삽관 (${\beta}=-0.628$, p<0.05)과 중환자실 입원기간 (${\beta}=0.710$, p<0.01) 및 전체 재원 일수가 많을수록 (${\beta}=-0.541$ p=0.010) 불량한 예후를 보였다. 균 배양 검사 결과 MRSA (37%) 가 가장 흔한 균으로 동정되었다. 결 론 : 급성 약물 중독 환자에서 폐렴 발생과 연관된 독립적인 위험인자로는 65세 이상의 고령과 초기 저하된 의식상태 및 긴 재원일수 이며 예후인자로는 기도 삽관 여부와 중환자실 및 총 재원 일수이다.

Keywords

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