• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.774-791
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• 2016

Recent studies on Asian suburbanization suggest that their settlement patterns do not confirm to those of earlier migrant streams, and that different residential patterns of Asian ethnic minority groups have created a complex ethnic mosaic in suburban areas. This paper examines the extent to which residential patterns of main Asian minority groups have changed in Westchester, where is one of suburban counties around New York City. With mapping base on Census of Population data in 2000 and 2010 years, the residential patterns of five Asian groups (Asian Indians, Chinese, Filipinos, Japanese, and Koreans) are analyzed through the indices of segregation. The residential segregation geography of the Asian ethnic groups is characterized by dispersed concentration. There is a difference among the characteristics of the ethnic neighborhoods in which Asian minority groups are residentially concentrated.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.29-51
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• 2010

The diversity of Southeast Asia can be also represented at the tremendous number of ethnic groups residing throughout its various regions even beyond national boundaries. What does it mean by the composite of numerous peoples? It has triggered a lot of problems in a nation or overall Southeast Asia. Among them, the most serious one seems to be ethnic conflicts having damaged national integration and caused political, economical, and social instability. In that respect, Karen people have been a minority group situated in the most chronic dispute in Myanmar. Since 1947 some of the Karen equipped with armed forces have been fighting against the military government currently ruling Myanmar. As the result, the refugees over 200,000 population had moved to the mountain camps located at neighboring Thailand, attracting a lot of attention throughout international societies. According to 1931 census by British colonial government, the Karen have the greatest numbers in population as minority and include 16 subgroups including Karenni(Kayah) and Pa-O seemingly excluded from its category in contemporary point of view. It means that Karen people should not be regarded as an ethnic group, and in fact do not show a homogeneous identity under the title of Karen. Given the situation, we need to reconsider the category of Karen. What does the Karen mean in a real sense? Previous studies on the Karen had been performed mainly by anthropologists or missionaries such as Marshall(1922), Hamilton (1976), Hanson Tadaw(1959), Smeaton(1920), Keyes(1979), Hayami (1992; 2004), etc. Most of them examined the Karen as a group and ignored the possibilities of representing the divergent identities vis-à-vis their subgroups. Therefore, they have focused on the myth to convert Karen people to Christianity, although the Christian Karens are less than 20% of total population. As a result, I argue that they would fail to define the real meaning of Karen. It has been caused us to recognize the Karen as a meaningless total entity to be accepted by all means. According to their arguments, the difference among Karen's subgroups is just dealt with the trivial matters that do not affect the ethnic boundary itself, still maintaining the ethnic identity as Karen. As we shall see on this thesis, this is never the case. My thesis aims at uncovering and scrutinizing the real meaning of the category of Karen. For the purpose of it, I will consider Karen people as a linguistic group from the beginning as shown in 1931 census. I argue that the Karen have been affected or exposed by various conditions or environments throughout the harsh history having happened on the areas of current Myanmar and Thailand, leading the vicissitudes of their ethnic identities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.63-78
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• 2015

This study explored culture adaptive attitudes and traditional dress donning practices among Japanese women who immigrated to Korea after marrying Korean men. Quantitative research was conducted on Korean-Japanese multicultural families. Participants were 233 married women who emigrated from Japan to Korea currently living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The data was analyzed using frequency analysis, t-test and correlation analysis. The findings were as follows: First, a positive relationship was found between Hanbok acceptance attitudes(HAA) and Kimono transmission attitudes(KTA). Both HAA and KTA had a positive relationship with ethnic identity. 43.3% of the respondents thought that they belonged both to Korean and Japanese ethnicity, 30.5% to Korean ethnicity, and 26.2% to Japanese ethnicity. Similar tendency (64.8% to bicultural identity, 31.3% to Korean, and 3.9% to Japanese) was found in the ethnic orientation towards their children. Both HAA and KTA had no difference in accordance with nationality, education and income level. Second, 70.4% of women had no experience of wearing Hanbok, and 90.1% had no experience of wearing Kimono. The women mostly wore Hanbok and Kimono for social events and family weddings.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2002

Patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) have symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity. Symptoms of ADHD are responsive to medications such as methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, pemoline, and bupropion. The functional change of the dopamine transporter is related to the therapeutic effect of these drugs. This can be one reason for the dopamine transporter to be emphasized in the research field of ADHD. ADHD has a genetic tendency. Since dopamine transporter gene(DAT1) knock out mice were reported to be several times more active than normal mice in a novel situation, lights has been shed on DAT1 as a candidate gene for ADHD. Though there have been several studies which reported an association between DAT1 and ADHD, the association between DAT1 and ADHD is not conclusive. Since Vandenbergh reported the DAT1 polymorphism with variable number of tandem repeats(VNTR), and the racial differences in allelic frequencies of the DAT1, wide ethnic variation in the distribution of the DAT1 polymorphism had been confirmed. Wide ethnic variation in the distribution of the DAT1 suggested that there might be ethnic difference in the association between DAT1 and ADHD. Before applying previous findings to Koreans, verification might be needed for Korean patients with ADHD.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.155-166
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• 2011

The purposes of this study was to examine Chinese consumers's perception toward Korean fashion brands. Especially, this study aimed to compare the Chinese consumers in three local groups (Beijing, Shanghai, & Yangji). The subjects used for this study were one hundred ninety-six participants(male; 110, female; 86) in 20s age who live in China. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, and t-test were used. Cronbach's alpha test revealed that all instruments which were used for this study had over 0.85. As the results, first, 67.9% of Chinese consumers perceived Korean brands correctly as Korean brands. Also, 42.5% of Chinese participants had purchased Korean fashion brand products such as Teenie Weenie or E-land. Second, there were not significant differences in brand attitudes among three group participants. However, there was a significant difference in 'brand preference' factor, one of three brand attitudes, between two ethnic groups. Finally, there were not signifiant differences in brand image, while there was a significant difference in intelligent brand image, one of 4 brand image factors, between two ethnic groups. These results of this study would be very useful for Korean fashion brand marketers in order to understand Chinese fashion consumers more details, and provide more efficient fashion marketing strategies.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.39
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• pp.9.1-9.5
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• 2017

Background: Nasalance is used to evaluate the velopharyngeal incompetence in clinical diagnoses using a nasometer. The aim of this study is to find the nasalance differences between Vietnamese cleft palate children and Korean cleft palate children by measuring the nasalance of five oral vowels. Methods: Ten Vietnamese cleft palate children after surgery, three Vietnamese children for the control group, and ten Korean cleft palate children after surgery with the same age participated in this experimentation. Instead of Korean control, the standard value of Korean version of the simplified nasometric assessment procedures (kSNAP) was used. Result: The results are as follows: (1) the highest nasalance score among the Vietnamese normal vowels is the low vowel /a/; however, that of Korean normal vowels is the high vowel /i/. (2) The average nasalance score of Korean cleft palate vowels is 18% higher than that of Vietnamese cleft palate vowels. There was a nasalance score of over 45% among the vowels /e/ and /i/ in Vietnamese cleft palate patients and /i/, /o/, and /u/ in Korean cleft palate patients. Conclusion: These different nasalance scores of the same vowels seem to cause an ethnic difference between Vietnamese and Korean cleft palate children.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.185-206
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• 2014

The concept of the "diaspora" has established itself as one of the major topics in literary and cultural studies in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. Contemporary studies on this topic tend to regard is diaspora as either as a liberatory space unmoored from a repressive national identity-formation or as a condition pregnant with challenges to the authority of a nation-state or nationalism. Viewed from within the social realities of multi-ethnic nations, however, diaspora has an alternative, darker face. For, reproduced within the concept itself, is that of a hierarchy: this hierarchy is one in which a dominant group seeks to repress the same ethnic members for their failure to conform. What is more, the cultural difference, which diaspora is believed to preserve, lends the dominant group an excuse to re-ethnicize its immigrants, subsuming them under the same extra-national category as that of the people or homeland they have left behind. By analyzing a range of historical and theoretical models, this study offers itself as an attempt to clarify the current, and often confusing, understandings of the condition of diaspora. By delving into its political potentials and discussing their possible socio-political ramifications, the study suggests that researchers of diaspora need to anchor themselves in historicity lest they end up "speaking for" their chosen subjects.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2007

Utilizing the quantitative analysis methodology of questionnaire, the study explores the differences in the factors of achievement motivation, learning mathematics attitude and learning mathematics self-confidence and also the relationship between mathematics academic achievement and these factors in three areas in China. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. The subjects from different development level areas have significant differences in motivation, attitude and self-confidence in mathematics; 2. The subjects from different areas who possess the same ethnic group have significant differences. But the subjects from same area who possess different nationalities have little difference. It can be concluded that that the differences in these factors can be contributed to regional differences, rather than to ethnic differences; 3. The subjects from undeveloped areas have significant gender differences, and the levels of males are higher than those of female.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.634-646
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• 2007

The aim of his study is to understand the developed aspect and proportions of the exotic images. Thus, this analyzed the exotic images in domestic fashion brand items as an relevance with fashion trend information. The exotic images are in the order of 'ethnic', 'retro', artistic', 'elegance', 'primitive', 'seductive', 'folklore', 'extreme hybrid', 'romantic', 'natural', 'splendid', 'bohemian', 'classical', 'kidult', 'modern', 'traditional', 'vintage' expressed in domestic fashion goods by the categories of its key-words expressed fashion trend information, and suitable for the fashion trend in 21C and fashionable for goods in the domestic fashion market by expressing the racial costume images and retro look, the maximized women's elegance, the difference images with an humor and unfamiliarity.

• Survey Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.159-173
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• 2011

The goal of this study is to identify and compare predictors of smoking initiation, persistence and smoking status among Hispanics and Whites. The sample includes 1,410 Hispanic and non-Hispanic White adults living in El Paso, TX, USA and Do$\tilde{n}$a Ana and Otero counties, NM, USA from the Paso del Norte 2002 BRFSS. Whites reported higher rates of cigarette smoking and became regular smokers earlier than Hispanics. Males were twice more likely to initiate cigarette smoking and progress to regular smoking than females among Hispanics, but this gender difference among Whites was not significant. Childhood exposure to drinkers or alcoholics was an important predictor of smoking initiation and becoming a regular smoker, but only among Hispanics. Few identified ethnic differences in predictors of smoking were found. The findings underscore the importance of Hispanic norms on smoking behaviors. Prevention efforts need to address the culture as one of the important components relevant to smoking.