• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-69
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• 2001

As a nursing practice involves nurses'actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives. Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal); excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, accountability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics); human respect, partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences, positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention, rewarding, peer relationship(3 theories of situations). The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore, it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to find any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the latest trends of korean Medicine treatments on traffic accident for recent 5 years. Methods : We investigated the studies on korean Medicine treatments for traffic accident via searching 6 Korean web databases. As a result, 65 research papers were found to be analyzed according to their published year, the titles of journals, the types of study, the number of cases, the sites of injury, the types of treatments the instruments for assessment and ethics approvals. Results : 65 articles were published since 2008. The studies on korean Medicine treatments about traffic accident were mainly published in Journal of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine. 10 case studies, 14 case series, 11 non randomized controlled trials, 21 randomized controlled trials and 9 systemic reviews had been under research. The most frequently occurred symptoms were neck pain and low back pain. In most studies, various korean Medicine treatments were used to treat the symptoms. Visual analogue scale(VAS) and neck disability index(NDI) were used as primary assessments. In most clinical studies, there were no mention about approval of institutional review board(IRB). Conclusion : In this study, we analyzed the trends of korean Medicine treatments on traffic accident from 2008 to 2012. Reviewing the domestic trends of studies on korean Medicine treatments for traffic accident and examining the strong and weak points of those treatments are essential for the future studies. It is needed to adopt the qualitative methods of evaluation in order to develop a level of evidence.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.533-542
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• 2017

This study aimed to develop a measure of professional identity for Korean dental hygienists and to analyze the factors and characteristics of professional identity of these dental hygienists. In this study, 890 dental hygienists completed a self-administered survey. The final analysis was conducted with a total of 880 responses, excluding 10 questionnaires with unreliable responses and partial responses. A systematic literature review was conducted to establish the definition of professional identity, while content validity, exploratory factor, confirmatory factor, and reliability analysis were conducted to establish the constructive factors. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to identify the level of each factor. Authors conceptualized the professional identity for Korean dental hygienists and item generation, item reduction, and questionnaire formatting. The developed measure of professional identity for dental hygienists consisted of five factors, with 15 items. "Sense of calling," "need for academic capacity building," "performance of delegated authority," "compliance of code of ethics," and "usage of professional organizations" were the constituent factors. Based on these factors, the level of professional identity was the highest in the "performance of delegated authority" and lowest in the "usage of professional organizations." These finding indicated that dental hygienists with higher education levels have higher professional identity levels. The dental hygienists working at the general/university hospital had the highest level of professional identity. Thus, further research is needed to establish a model that consists of factors affecting and influencing the professional identity of dental hygienists.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2016

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the effects of acupuncture stimulation on the radial artery's pressure pulse wave, along with various hemodynamic parameters, and to explore the possible underlying mechanism of pulse diagnosis in healthy participants in their twenties. Methods and analysis: This study is a prospective, single-arm, exploratory clinical study. A total of 25 healthy participants, without regard to gender, in their twenties will be recruited by physicians. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The participants will receive acupuncture once at ST36 on both sides. The radial arterial pulse waves will be measured on the left arm of the subjects by using an applicable pulse tonometric device (KIOM-PAS). On the right arm (appearing twice), electrocardiogram (ECG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), respiration and cardiac output (CO) signals, will be measured using a physiological data acquisition system (Biopac module), while the velocity of blood flow, and the diameter and the depth of the blood vessel will be measured using an ultrasonogram machine on the right arm (appearing twice). All measurements will be conducted before, during, and after acupuncture. The primary outcome will be the spectral energy at high frequencies above 10 Hz ($SE_{10-30Hz}$) calculated from the KIOM-PAS device signal. Secondary outcomes will be various variables obtained from the KIOM-PAS device, ECG, PPG, impedance cardiography modules, and an ultrasonogram machine. Discussion: The results of this trial will provide information regarding the physiological and the hemodynamic mechanisms underlying acupuncture stimulation and clinical evidence for the influence of acupuncture on the pressure pulse wave in the radial artery. Ethics and dissemination: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Kyung Hee University's Oriental Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (KOMCIRB-150818-HR-030). The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. Trial registration number: This trial was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) at the Korea National Institute of Health (NIH), Republic of Korea (KCT0001663), which is a registry in the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Registry Network.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.129-159
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• 2017

This study examines the social recognition of teachers' treatment and teaching profession through the comparison and analysis of the teachers' remuneration systems in the Republic of Korea(hereafter, Korea) and Canada. For this purpose, literature review and qualitative research were conducted. As a result of comparing and analyzing the orientation of teachers' remuneration systems in both countries and perception of teachers, the following differences were found. First, in terms of the management philosophy of the remuneration system, Korea emphasized the efficiency of the national competitiveness dimension, while Canada focused on the interrelationship with development of individual-oriented competency. Second, although the remuneration systems for teachers in both countries are quite different, they have aimed at establishing a reasonable remuneration system, which considers equality in common. But the position on equality was different between the two countries. In the case of Korea, equity was considered by comparing the pay scale with those of other government employees, while equity in Canada mainly had to do with gender equality. Third, the teachers of both countries regarded the sense of duty and ethics as important qualities of the teaching profession, and they recognized the social safety net as an indicator of their social status. However, there was a difference in attitude toward the teaching profession. In Korea, it was deemed to be a stable and socially desirable profession, but the entry barriers were quite high and the remuneration system was relatively rigid. In Canada, on the other hand, it was easy to enter the teaching profession and the remuneration system was far less rigid. But teachers were more likely to quit or take a second job, and their social status fluctuated.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.145-166
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• 2018

This study is due to global competition, the wall between regions is disappearing, customer needs are diversified, and market and technology are rapidly changing. Future growth engines, the importance of convergence capabilities for industrial competitiveness is being emphasized more. Therefore, companies should seek innovative means to increase the efficiency of the company by establishing optimized global management environment and establishing direction and strategy for utilization of convergence technology by improving industrial competitiveness. Firms must adopt and utilize related new technologies by strengthening their convergence capabilities through dynamic capabilities that are internal resource bases for new product development and process innovation. Globalize markets and technologies can expect higher innovation performance when aligning strategic direction with formalized technology competencies held by the firm and incorporating the convergence capabilities needed for technological innovation into processes. The study focuses on the effects of market and technology orientation on technological innovation performance, whether dynamic and convergence capabilities affect technological innovation performance, and dynamic and convergence capabilities to mediate between market and technology orientation. For the study, we surveyed 51.4% of global and multinational corporations that are internationally active or headquartered overseas. Based on the previous studies, hypotheses were established and the collected data were analyzed through utilization path analysis and Sobel test.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.339-345
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• 2023

Design exists behind technology. Design is intertwined with the needs of daily life and market structures, and while dealing with technology, it can become insensitive to its meaning. Unlike other social media platforms, Instagram consists of image-based content. The purpose of this study is to examine the addictive design of Instagram. Furthermore, we discuss the ethical responsibilities that designers must have. A theoretical framework for understanding Instagram design is established through a review of major domestic and international literature that has been previously studied. Understand the history, structure, and functions of Instagram and identify Instagram designs that promote social media addiction. In this study, we introduced the mechanism by which Instagram promotes user addiction through design issues. (1) Pull-to-Refresh (2) Red color in push alarm (3) Profile photo border expression in Instagram Story. This design stimulates users' social desires and FOMO, forming the structure of obsessive Instagram usage habits. Instagram is an example that forces us to reconsider the ethical role of design and designers along with the advancement of technology. In today's world, the intrinsic value of what they create, including our society and life itself.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

This study examines the entrepreneurial experiences of unmarried mothers living in a community who have succeeded in starting a business. Attention was given to the maternal and labor rights of five single mothers in a community who gave birth, raised children, and engaged in vocational activities. Data were collected through one-on-one in-depth discussions with the participants and analyzed using Colaizzi's descriptive-phenomenological method. The data analysis revealed 53 themes and 10 clusters of themes. Based on these results, items such as overcoming pregnancy conflict, reasons for starting a business, and successful entrepreneurial experience were identified and described. The key themes of this study include "Pressure to live", "Hold oneself responsible for an unblessed life", "Stigma and deprivation of opportunity", "Maintaining basic life amid anxiety", "Starting from ground zero", "Work and parenting tug-of-war", "Let's rely on my ability rather than external support", "Securing credit capital", "Philosophy for shared growth" and "Infinite possibilities at the edge of a cliff". In the attempt to start a business using positive psychological capital for the well-being of themselves and their children's, the mothers uncovered social capital, which led to mutual growth. Based on the research results, the ethics and resilience of shared growth were discussed.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-56
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• 2024

This study is empirical research to enhance understanding of AI (artificial intelligence) training data project in South Korea. It primarily focuses on the various concerns regarding data quality from policy-executing institutions, data construction companies, and organizations utilizing AI training data to develop the most reliable algorithm for society. For academic contribution, this study suggests a theoretical foundation and research model for understanding AI training data quality and its antecedents, as well as the unique data and ethical aspects of AI. For this purpose, this study proposes a research model with important antecedents related to AI training data quality, such as data attribute factors, data building environmental factors, and data type-related factors. The study collects 393 sample data from actual practitioners and personnel from companies building artificial intelligence training data and companies developing artificial intelligence services. Data analysis was conducted through Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) and Artificial Neural Network analysis (ANN), presenting academic and practical implications related to the quality of AI training data.

• Trans-
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• v.7
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• pp.103-121
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• 2019

In some documentary films, there are interviews, but in some other ones, there aren't any. As for the documentaries with interviews, the director uses talking heads to suggest their own arguments and to have audience agree. It is evident that interviews play a key role since they lead the story of a human-related documentary. Some directors prefer interviews where directors' questions and interviewees' answers are both heard. On the other hand, there a re directors who carry out the story just by using the answers from the interviewees. Then, it becomes crucial that we understand both of these styles and have new perspectives when watching documentary films. Ethics has always been considered one of the most important factors in documentaries and since they are believed to be "true," the influence documentaries have on the society is enormous. However, possibilities of exaggerating or manipulating the "truth" always exist. Therefore, it is important for the audience to identify the intentions of the director. As a matter of fact, there have been countless researches being done, but it is difficult to find studies that discuss the ways interviews are used in documentary films. The two different styles mentioned above do have huge differences in terms of directing methods. Thus, taking a look at differences from diverse angles will help us better understand the essentials of documentary films. This study will take examples from the interviews in Michael Moore's (2002), (2007) and observe how the flow of interviews can change when the voice of the director gets involved. There will also be a close examination of interviews in Kim Ilran and Hong Ji Yoo's (2011), and (2005) directed by Jim Butterworth, Aeron Lubarsky, and Lisa Sleeth, as well as Sebastian Junger and Tim Hetherington's (2010). By a careful review, use of dissolve, cross-cutting, and flashback will be analyzed to show how different editing techniques have an impact on subjective views of the director.