• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.49-71
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the corporate social responsibility by port operation organization on the brand asset, reputation and relationship performance perceived by interested parties. To achieve such a purpose, literature survey on various research papers and thesis, research report is carried out and also reliability analysis, validity test and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 are used. To verify a established research model for empirical analysis and hypotheses, questionnaires are distributed to the port operation organization, terminal operators, shipping companies and NGO. Total 414 copies of questionnaires were collected and used in this analysis. The main results of the study are summarized as below. First, it was confirmed that social responsibility of the port operation organization are classified into three categories; economic, legal, and charitable and ethical responsibility. Second, economic responsibility has a positive impact on the brand awareness and reputation. Third, legal responsibility has a positive impact on the trust and commitment. Fourth, charitable and ethical responsibility has a positive impact on brand image and awareness, reputation, trust and commitment. Further additional empirical research can be extended by distributing more questionnaires including several port operation organizations in Busan and Incheon.

• The Journal of KAIRB
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2023

Purspose: The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning and definition of vulnerable subjects in clinical trials in light of domestic and international regulations and guidelines, to analyze the contents of standard operation procedures (SOPs) among advanced general hospitals in Korea that conduct clinical trials, and to examine deliberation procedures for operation plans. Methods: The study examined how vulnerable research subjects were defined and described in related regulations and the classification of vulnerable research subjects presented in the IRB/HRPP SOPs of 18 clinical trial institutions, including 11 AAHRPP-accreditated general hospitals in Korea, as well as the operation of the IRB deliberation. Results: Among all domestic and international regulations and guidelines, only the The Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) guidelines explain why vulnerability is related to judgments on the severity of physical, psychological, and social harm, why individuals are vulnerable, and for what reasons. However, the classification of vulnerable subjects by institutions differed from the classification by the International Conference on Harmonization-Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP). A total of the 16 institutions classified children and minors as vulnerable research subjects. 14 institutions classified subjects who cannot consent freely were classified as vulnerable subjects. 15 institutions classified sujects who can be affected by the organizational hierarchy were classified as vulnerable subjects. Subjects in emergency situations were regarded as vulnerable research subjects in 8 of institutions, while people in wards, patients with incurable diseases, and the economically poor including the unemployed were categorized as vulnerable research subjects in 7, 4, and 4 of institutions, respectively. Additionally, some research subjects were not classified as vulnerable by ICH-GCP but were classified as vulnerable by domestic institutions 15 of the institutions classified pregnant women and fetuses as vulnerable, 11 classified the elderly as vulnerable, and 6 classified foreigners as vulnerable. Conclution: The regulations and institutional SOPs classify subjects differently, which may affect subject protection. There is a need to improve IRBs' classifications of vulnerable research subjects. It is also necessary to establish the standards according to the differences in deliberation processes. Further, it is recommended to maintain a consistent review of validity, assessment of risk/benefit, and a review using checklists and spokeperson. The review of IRB is to be carried out in a manner that respects human dignity by taking into account the physical, psychological, and social conditions of the subjects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2253-2255
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• 2012

Objective: The objective of our present study was to assess the role of serum amyloid A (SAA) in stages and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. Material and Methods: It was a hospital based retrospective study carried out in the Department of Medicine and Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between $1^{st}$ January 2008 and $31^{st}$ December 2011. The variables collected were SAA, CRP. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Quantitative analysis of human SAA and C-reactive protein (CRP) was performed by radial immune diffusion (RID) assay for all cases. Results: Of the 422 total cases of renal cell carcinoma, 218 patients had normal and 204 abnormal SAA. SAA levels were grossly elevated in T3 stage ($122.3{\pm}SD35.7$) when compared to the mean for the T2 stage ($84.2{\pm}SD24.4$) (p value: 0.0001). Similarly, SAA levels were grossly elevated in M1 stage ($190.0{\pm}SD12.7$) when compared to the M0 stage ($160.9{\pm}SD24.8$) (p: 0.0001). There was no significant association with elevated CRP levels ($209.1{\pm}SD22.7$, normal $199.0{\pm}SD19.5$). Conclusion: The validity of SAA in serum as being of independent prognostic significance in RCC was demonstrated with higher levels in advanced stage disease.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.481-490
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• 2022

The influence of the food value consumption type of MZ generation on food choice attribute and sustainable food consumption behavior was studied using structural equation modeling. A survey was conducted on April 11~17, 2022, among panels aged 20 to 39. A total of 350 valid replicates (100%) were analyzed using statistical program SPSS The validity of the measurement instrument was verified through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The data reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The hypothesis was verified by performing path analysis through structural equation modeling using AMOS. Regarding the influence of food choice characteristics on sustainable food consumption behavior, health has a significant positive (+) effect on the selection consumption behavior of certified food and local food. Among food value consumption categories social value consumption has a significant negative (-) influence on the consumption behavior of certified food and the choice of local food. Ethical value consumption has a significant positive (+) influence on the selection consumption behavior of certified food and local food. This study is significant because it has identified sustainable food consumption behaviors that domestic consumers can adopt daily. It can use as baseline data for preparing political and institutional measures.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2022

YouTube usage continues to increase, and the age group who spends the most time on YouTube is surveyed in the teens. It is practically impossible to prevent children and young people from being exposed to harmful content, so nurturing the ability to choose and use YouTube content in a healthy way can be a fundamental solution. Therefore, in this study, we tried to identify what YouTube literacy is for the digital native generation, and to prepare standards to be considered in common. The purpose of this study is to refine the definition of YouTube literacy competency and to develop a checklist that can be used when guiding and guiding children and adolescents to use the YouTube platform. To this end, a conceptual definition and checklist were developed by conducting prior research and overseas case analysis, and validity was secured through expert and educator reviews. The finally developed checklist includes 4 categories, 10 areas, and 23 criteria: media access, critical understanding, media participation, and ethical use.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2024

Purpose: As the number of vegetarians continues to rise in tandem with the development of consumer culture, a novel economic trend named 'Vegenomics' has surfaced. In addition, as interest in social and environmental sustainability such as health, environment, and animal welfare grows due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the alternative protein food market is expanding, focusing on plant-based alternative meat. Research design, data, and methodology: Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of the consumption value of alternative protein products on self-efficacy and purchase intention. This study collected a total of 187 questionnaires by conducting an online survey from May 1 to July 10, 2023, to verify the research model and hypothesis. The collected data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and discriminant validity analysis using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs for structural equation modeling. Results: The results of analyzing consumers' self-efficacy and purchase intention regarding the functional value, health-oriented value, ethical value, and ecological value of alternative protein products are as follows. First, among the consumption values of alternative protein products, ecological value was found to have a significant positive (+) effect on self-efficacy. Second, consumers' self-efficacy for alternative protein products was found to have a significant positive (+) effect on purchase intention. Conclusion: This study is anticipated to provide valuable insights for the formulation of effective marketing strategies for alternative protein products and the development of products that align with consumer needs.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.145-171
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• 2024

Literacy initially referred to the ability to read and understand written documents and processed information. With the advancement of digital technology, the scope of literacy expanded to include the access and use of digital information, evolving into the concept of digital literacy. The application and purpose of digital literacy vary across different fields, leading to the use of various terminologies. This study focuses on generative artificial intelligence (AI), which is gaining increasing importance in the AI era, to assess users' literacy levels. The research aimed to extend the concept of literacy proposed in previous studies and develop a tool suitable for Korean users. Through exploratory factor analysis, we identified that generative AI literacy consists of four factors: AI utilization ability, critical evaluation, ethical use, and creative application. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis validated the statistical appropriateness of the model structure composed of these four factors. Additionally, correlation analyses between the newly developed literacy tool and existing AI literacy scales and AI service evaluation tools revealed significant relationships, confirming the validity of the tool. Finally, the implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2004

Objectives : The aim of this study was to identify the trend of school health research by analyzing articles related to school health for the last 10 years. this information can be used to guide research direction for the future. Methods : This study is a descriptive study that analyzed annual data. using an objective frame of evaluation about the methodology and research domain in each paper, all the papers included in the journals concerning school health from January 1993 to December 2000 were analyzed. The data was processed statistically by frequency and percentage. Results : 455 papers in 9 journals related to school health were published. The Journal of the Korean Society of School Health had 204 articles, the highest number of any journal. most of the articles were descriptive, but the number of experimental studies increased over time. the most common research subjects were students were the greatest ones, but the trend to study both parents and teachers increased near the end of the sampling period. the most common selection of subjects appeared to be based on convenience, but probability sampling gradually increasing annually. the most common research instrument was the questionnaire and the reliability and the validity of instruments were described in approximately half of the studies. The survey was the most commonly used method of data collection. The papers that met ethical issue in data collection were less than those that did not. In addition, the papers that provided the rationale for the calculation of sample size were less than those that did not. parametric statistics were the main methods of data analysis, but some advanced statistics were used more often than simple descriptive statistics in the latter part of the sampling period. In general, limit of the studies were not frequently mentioned but more recommendations were made. regarding the characteristics of the research area, the assesment domain was remarkable. The rate of school health problem assesment was the highest among research subjects. Sex- related subjects were the highest in detail research subjects. Conclusions : The research of school health has increased quantitatively, but it is difficult to ascertain its qualitative development. Therefore, on the basis of the research completed up until now, more school-based intervention studies and longitudinal studies need to be another target for the evaluation of the effects of the school health service. as well, policy suggestion through international and cross-sectional comparison studies are needed to assist in the establishment of the long term direction of school health.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 1998

The Purpose of this study is to find out differences among the leader's traits on the hierarchy of Nurse managers in Nurse system of the hospital. In this study 152 managers over head nurse working in 6 University hospitals and 5 general hospitals were selected and the questionary paper answered by them was collected from 1st to 30th in September in 1997. The measuring instrument used in this study is the one integrated and classified by Stogdill (1981), which nurse professor and 2 students of the master's course translated and modified with myself. And its validity was verified through making a test on 130 nurses. The measuring instrument used in this study is made up of 4 items about physical characteristics, 3 items about social background, 4 items about intelligence and ability, 17 items about personaity, 6 items about task-related characteristics, 9 items about social characteristics and 8 items about general background in the triats of leader. And this instrument is made to be marked using five point Likert type. It's reliability is Cronbach's Alpha =.93. The data for study were analyzed through SPSS/PC+ The result of this study are as follows: 1. The order in importantly perceptible degree of the leader's traits showed like these: the intelligence and ability (M=4.683), the task-related characteristics (M=4.605), the personality (M=4.39), the social characteristics (M=4.327), the social back-ground (M=4.056), the physical characteristics (M=3.601). 2. The order in degree to percept the importance of 44 detailed items of the leader's traits showed like these: the judgement and decisiveness (M=4.967), the sense of responsibility (M=4.904), the activity and energy (M=4.796), the self-confidence (M=4.776), the creativity (M=4.748), the intelligence (M=4.743), the responsibility in the pursuit of objectives (M=4.743), the enthusiasm (M=4.717), the objectivity (M=4.704), the moral sense and ethical conduct (M=4.704), the ability to enlist cooperation (M=4.694), the strength of conviction (M =4.678), the enterprise (M=4.691), the administrative ability (M=4.678) and the cooperativeness (M=4.638) 3. As the result of analyzing the leader's trait differences on the hierarchy of nurse managers in six factors of the leader's traits, the social background showed the meaningful differences(F=4.983, P=0.008). 4. As the result of analyzing the leader's traits defferences made from the upper first to 15th rank among the detailed items of the leader's trait factors on the heirarchy of nurse managers, the meaningful defferences appeared in the following items: the objectivity(F=3.413, P=0.033), the creativity (F=3.550, P=0.031), the sense of responsibility(F=3.345, P=0.049), and the administrative ability (F=3.363, P=0.037). 5. As the result of analyzing the leader's trait factors in general background, only the social background of 6 leader's trait factors showed the meaningful differences according to the working place (F=4.057, P=0.008). The study shows that we should consider the above leader's trait factors in selecting nurse managers and that we should develop the educational program for hierarchy of nurse managers urgently.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the argumentations of group and classroom discussions in socioscientific issues (SSI) discussion classes. Twenty-seven high school students participated in the SSI discussion classes on nuclear power generation. We observed and recorded the classes and also conducted semi-structured interviews. For the analyses, we revised a previous framework that was developed to analyze dialogic argumentations in the context of SSI. The analyses of the results indicated that there were more discourse schemes in the classroom discussions than the group discussions which are related to awareness and openness to multiple perspectives, evidence based reasoning, and on-going inquiry and skepticism. And there were few discourse schemes related to moral and ethical sensitivity in the group and classroom discussions. Various grounds, data, and information were presented in the classroom discussions. Students concentrated on carrying their claims and were not able to sympathize with and accept other opinions. Therefore, there were few discourse schemes to reach consensus. In addition, they perceived classroom discussions as competitive and actively rebutted other claims or grounds. The levels of argumentation were also high in the classroom discussions. The group discussions were held in relaxed atmosphere, and they asked the opponents more for clarification or additional information and evidences. However, classroom discussions were held in serious atmosphere, and they actively queried the validity of the claims or grounds. Based on the results, some suggestions to implement SSI discussion classes were discussed.