• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.816-826
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• 2012

Self-healing Ethernet rings show promise for realizing the SONET/SDH-grade resilience in Carrier Ethernet infrastructures. However, when a ring is faulty, high-priority protection messages are processed in less time than low-priority data frames are processed. In this situation, any delayed data frames either being queued or traveling through long ring spans will cause the ring nodes to generate incorrect forwarding information. As a result, the data frames spread in the wrong direction, causing the ring to become unstable. To solve this problem, we propose four schemes, that is, dual flush, flush delay timer setting, purge triggering, and priority setting, and evaluate their protection performance under various traffic conditions on a ring based on the Ethernet ring protection (ERP) method. In addition, we develop an absorbing Markov chain model of the ERP protocol to observe how traffic congestion can impact the protection performance of the proposed priority setting scheme. Based on our observations, we propose a more reliable priority setting scheme, which guarantees faultless protection, even in a congested ring.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.184-194
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• 2010

Ethernet ring protection (ERP) technology, which is defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.8032, has been developed to provide carrier grade recovery for Ethernet ring networks. However, the filtering database (FDB) flush method adopted in the current ERP standard has the drawback of introducing a large amount of transient traffic overshoot caused by flooded Ethernet frames right after protection switching. This traffic overshooting is especially critical when a ring provides services to a large number of clients. According to our experimental results, the traditional FDB flush requires a link capacity about sixteen times greater than the steady state traffic bandwidth. This paper introduces four flush optimization schemes to resolve this issue and investigates how the proposed schemes deal with the transient traffic overshoot on a multi-ring network under failure conditions. With a network simulator, we evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes and compare them to the conventional FDB flush scheme. Among the proposed methods, the extended FDB advertisement method shows the fastest and most stable protection switching performance.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.874-876
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• 2008

Ethernet ring protection is a new technology introduced in ITU-T Recommendation G.8032, which utilizes the generic Ethernet MAC functions. We introduce an alternative enhanced protection switching scheme to suppress penalty in the switching transient, in which the Ethernet MAC filtering database (FDB) is actively and directly modified by information disseminated from the nodes adjacent to failure. The modified FDB at all nodes are guaranteed to be consistent to form a complete new ring network topology immediately. This scheme can reduce the capacity requirement of the G.8032 by several times. This proposed scheme can be also applied in IP protection rings.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.631-633
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• 2009

We introduce an improved Ethernet ring protection method, selective filtering database (FDB) advertisement, to minimize traffic overshoot in the event of a failure or recovery. On the protection switching event, the proposed method makes all ring nodes perform an FDB flush except the FDB entries associated with their client subnets. Then, ring nodes rapidly exchange their client MAC address lists so that their FDBs are immediately updated by indirect MAC address learning. The proposed scheme guarantees fast and reliable protection switching over the standard scheme.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.744-749
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• 2013

The protection switching technology is widely adopted in the fiber-optical transmission equipments based on TDM(Time Division Multiplexing), such as PDH, SDH/SONET. A variety of protection switching algorithms for Ethernet networks and the progress of standardization are summarized in the document. There are several kinds of protection switching algorithms for Ethernet networks, such as STP, RSTP, MSTP and etc. However, since Ethernet signal move through detour route, it causes much time to recover. Accordingly, it is difficult to secure a usability of Ethernet networks and QOS(Quality of Service). Also, if the protection switching protocol standardized by IEEE and ITU-T is used, it remains a inherent network switching time for protection. Therefore, a specific protection switching algorithm for Ethernet are needed for seamless and stable operation of Ethernet networks service for Distribution Automation System(DAS). A reliable protection algorithm with no switching delay time is very important to implement Self-healing service for DAS. This study of FPGA based protection switching algorithm for Ethernet networks shows that in case of faults occurrence on distribution power network, immediate fault isolation and restoration are conducted through interaction with distribution equipments using P2P(Peer to Peer) communication for protection coordination. It is concluded that FPGA based protection switching algorithm for Ethernet networks available 0ms switching time is crucial technology to secure reliability of DAS.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.199-209
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• 2012

In transport networks, a multi-ring architecture is very useful to facilitate network planning and to design and provide more resilient services for customers. Unlike traditional synchronous optical network multi-rings, the service resiliency of Ethernet-based multi-rings is significantly impacted by the ring hierarchy because a link or node failure in a certain level ring triggers filtering database flush actions in all higher level rings as well as in the ring with the failure, and consequently a large amount of duplicated data frames may be flooded. In this paper, we investigate how the ring hierarchy impacts the service resiliency of multi-ring networks. Based on extensive experiments on various single- and multiple-link failures, we suggest two effective inter-ring connection rules to minimize the transient traffic and to ensure more resilient multi-ring networks. In addition, we consider a flush optimization technique called e-ADV, and show that the combination of e-ADV and multi-ring structures satisfying our inter-ring connection rules results in a more attractive survivability performance.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.26-37
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• 2016

현재 전달망의 핵심기술은 링크 또는 노드 장애가 발생했을 경우에 경로 이중화를 통해 50ms이내에 망을 복구하는 OAM 및 보호절체 기술이다. 개별 통신사업자, 지방/중앙 정부, 중요 기업의 전달 망은 장애에 대한 실시간 망 복구를 위해 보호 서브네트워크를 개별적으로 설정, 관리되고 있다. 그래서 개별 보호 서브네트워크의 종단 노드에 대해 노드 이중화를 적용하여 종단 노드 장애에 대해 대비하는 것이 중요하다. 하지만 MPLS-TP, 캐리어 이더넷과 같은 패킷 전달망에서 선형 보호절체가 적용되는 보호 서브네트워크는 이중 노드 상호 연결 방안이 존재하지 않는다. 비록 이더넷 링 보호절체는 이중 노드 상호 연결방안을 포함하고 있지만 이더넷 링 보호절체의 기술적 특성상 연결 노드에서 장애가 발생하면 전이 트래픽이 급격하게 증가될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 보호 서브네트워크에서 연결 노드 이중화를 위한 선형 보호절체 적용 방안을 제시한다. 그리고 링크와 상호 연결 노드의 장애에 대한 여러 실험을 통해 제안된 선형 보호와 링 보호 프로세스의 다양한 조합이 어떻게 다중 보호 서브네트워크에서 서비스 트래픽의 복구 탄력성에 영향을 미치는 지를 분석한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.18-29
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• 2016

In this paper, we discuss the issues of providing protection for point-to-multipoint connections in both Ethernet and MPLS-TP-based packet transport networks. We introduce two types of per-leaf protection-linear and ring. Neither of the two types requires that modifications to existing standards be made. Their performances can be improved by a collective signal fail mechanism proposed in this paper. In addition, two schemes - tree protection and hybrid protection - are newly proposed to reduce the service recovery time when a single failure leads to multiple signal fail events, which in turn places a significant amount of processing burden upon a root node. The behavior of the tree protection protocol is designed with minimal modifications to existing standards. The hybrid protection scheme is devised to maximize the benefits of per-leaf protection and tree protection. To observe how well each scheme achieves an efficient traffic recovery, we evaluate their performances using a test bed as well as computer simulation based on the formulae found in this paper.