• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.82-85
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• 1999

The effects of ethanol on 5-hydrosytryptamine(5-HT3) receptor-mediated ion current were evaluated in whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from NCB-20 neuroblastoma cells. The physiologic and pharmacologic properties of 5-HT-activated ion current in NCB-20 cells indicated that it was mediated by 5-HT3 receptors. Ethanol(25-100mM) potentiated 5-HT3 receptor-mediated current in a concentration-dependent manner.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative effect and antimutagenic capacity of ethanol extracts of Flammulina velutipes by employing biological and biochemical assays. The $IC_{50}$ of MDA with BSA conjugation reaction, lipid peroxidation and scavenging effect on DPPH radical in ethanol extracts of Flammulina velutipes was found to be 28.39 mg/assay, 9.33 mg/assay and 144.61 mg/assay respectively. Therefore, the most effective antioxidative capacity of ethanol extracts of Flammulina velutipes was $Fe^+$-induced linoleate peroxidation, among the method used this study. The indirect and direct antimutagenic effects of the ethanol extracts of Flammulina velutipes were examined by the Ames test using Salmonella typimurium TA98 and TA100. The inhibition rates on indirect mutagenicity mediated by 2-anthramine and on direct mutagenicity mediated by sodium azide in Salmonella typimurium TA100 and mediated by 2-nitrofluorene in Salmonella typimurium TA98 were 0%, respectively. These findings indicate that ethanol extracts of Flammulina velutipes have no effects on indirect and direct mutagenicity. Based on these results, it believed that the ethanol extracts of Flammulina velutipes has antioxidative capacities, and is a the candidate for the prevention and dietetic treatment of chronic diseases and the development of antioxidative functional food.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.433-437
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• 2016

Consumption of high doses of ethanol can lead to amnesia, which often manifests as a blackout. These blackouts experienced by ethanol consumers may be a major cause of the social problems associated with excess ethanol consumption. However, there is currently no established treatment for preventing these ethanol-induced blackouts. In this study, we tested the ethanol extract of the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) for its ability to mitigate ethanol-induced behavioral and synaptic deficits. To test behavioral deficits, an object recognition test was conducted in mouse. In this test, ethanol (1 g/kg, i.p.) impaired object recognition memory, but SM (200 mg/kg) prevented this impairment. To evaluate synaptic deficits, NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the mouse hippocampal slices were tested, as they are known to be vulnerable to ethanol and are associated with ethanol-induced amnesia. SM (10 and $100{\mu}g/ml$) significantly ameliorated ethanol-induced long-term potentiation and NMDA receptor-mediated EPSP deficits in the hippocampal slices. Therefore, these results suggest that SM prevents ethanol-induced amnesia by protecting the hippocampus from NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity deficits induced by ethanol.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 1988

Captafol (1H-Isoindole-1.3(2H)-dione, 3a, 4, 7, 7a-tetrahydro-2-[1, 1, 2, 2-tetrahydroethyltkio]) is widely used as fungicide in agriculture. Immune modulatory effects of captafol and ethanol were studied in mice. Mice administered captafol intra peritoneally every other day for 5 times, and ethanol per os as captafol. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells, serum antibody titer, foot pad swelling, and rosette forming cell number were mediated immune response. 1. The result show that humoral immune response and cell mediatea response were suppressed by captafol. 2. Especially effect of ethanol on the captafol immune response were significantly suppressed the humoral immune response and cell mediated immune response.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2013

The study of methyl viologen ($MV^{2+}$) mediated oxygen reduction in electrolytic ethanol media possesses potential application in the electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide mainly due to the advantages of the much increased solubility of molecular oxygen ($O_2$) and high degree of reversibility of $MV^{2+/{\bullet}+}$ redox couple. The diffusion coefficients of both $MV^{2+}$ and $O_2$ were investigated via electrochemical techniques. For the first time, $MV^{2+}$ mediated $O_2$ reduction in electrolytic ethanol solution has been proved to be feasible on both boron-doped diamond and micro-carbon disc electrodes. The electrocatalytic response is demonstrated to be due to the radical cation, $MV^{{\bullet}+}$. The homogeneous electron transfer step is suggested to be the rate determining step with a rate constant of $(1{\pm}0.1){\times}10^5M^{-1}s^{-1}$. With the aid of a simulation program describing the EC' mechanism, by increasing the concentration ratio of $MV^{2+}$ to $O_2$ electrochemical catalysis can be switched from a partial to a 'total catalysis' regime.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2012

Alcoholic hepatitis is a leading cause of liver failure in which the increased production of tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (TNF${\alpha}$) plays a critical role in progression of alcoholic liver disease. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of type III phosphodiesterase on ethanol-mediated TNF${\alpha}$ production in vitro and $in$ $vivo$, and the effect of cilostazol was compared with that of pentoxifylline, which is currently used in clinical trial. RAW264.7 murine macrophages were pretreated with ethanol in the presence or absence of cilostazol then, stimulated with lipopolysacchride (LPS). Cilostazol significantly suppressed the level of LPS-stimulated TNF${\alpha}$ mRNA and protein with a similar degree to that by pentoxifylline. Cilostazol increased the basal AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity as well as normalized the decreased AMPK by LPS. AICAR, an AMPK activator and db-cAMP also significantly decreased TNF${\alpha}$ production in RAW264.7 cells, but cilostazol did not affect the levels of intracellular cAMP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The $in$ $vivo$ effect of cilostazol was examined using ethanol binge drinking (6 g/kg) mice model. TNF${\alpha}$ mRNA and protein decreased in liver from ethanol gavaged mice compared to that from control mice. Pretreatment of mice with cilostazol or pentoxifylline further reduced the TNF${\alpha}$ production in liver. These results demonstrated that cilostazol effectively decrease the ethanol-mediated TNF${\alpha}$ production both in murine macrophage and in liver from binge drinking mice and AMPK may be responsible for the inhibition of TNF${\alpha}$ production by cilostazol.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 2007

The antioxidative effect and antimutagenic capacity in ethanol extracts of Lentinus edodes were studied for suggestion of prevention and dietetic treatment of chronic diseases and development of antioxidative and antimutagenic functional food by employing biological and biochemical assay. The $IC_{50}$ of MDA with BSA conjugation reaction, lipid peroxidation and scavenging effect on DPPH radical in ethanol extracts of Lentinus edodes showed 74.58 mg/assay, 5.747 mg/assay and 0.939 mg/assay respectively. So, the most effective antioxidative capacity in ethanol extracts of Lentinus edodes was the scavenging effect on DPPH radical, among the method used this study. The indirect and direct antimutagenic effects of ethanol extracts of Lentinus edodes were examined by Ames test using Salmonella typimurium TA98 and TA100. The inhibition rates on indirect mutagenicity mediated by 2-anthramine showed 91.67% in the Salmonella typimurium TA98 and 96.60% in the Salmonella typimurium TA100. The inhibitory effect on direct mutagenicity mediated by sodium azide in Salmonella typimurium TA100 was 22.83%. and mediated by 2-nitrofluorene in Salmonella typimurium TA98 was 5.34%. This data indicates that ethanol extracts of Lentinus edodes have more effective effects on indirect mutagenicity than direct mutagenicity. From this result, it believed to have a possible antioxidative and antimutagenic capacities, and taken for the candidate of prevention and dietetic treatment of chronic diseases and development of antioxidative and antimutagenic functional food.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.187-191
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• 1999

Using fluorescent probe fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester, we studied effects of N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) on free intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ([$Ca^{2+}$]$_{i}$) and interaction of ethanol with NMDA-mediated response in freshly dissociated brain cells from newborn rats. Twenty five micromolar NMDA significantly increased ($Ca^{2+}$), and this increasing effect could be prevented or reversed by the NMDA antagonists $Mg^{2}$(1.0 mM) and 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (AP5, 100 ${\mu}$M). Ethanol at concentrations from 2.5 to 100 mM inhibited NMDA-mediated calcium current in a concentration-dependent manner. Maximal inhibition of NMDA-mediated calcium current by ethanol was 82% at 50 mM. The ethanol inhibition at 100 mM was not significantly different from the inhibition at 50 mM.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.355-360
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• 2017

Consumption of high doses of ethanol can lead to amnesia, which often manifests as a blackout. This incoordination of blackout may be a major cause in various social problems in alcohol consumption. However, there is still no treatment for preventing these alcohol-induced problems. Hydrangeae dulcis folium is a drug or a tea which is made from the fermented and dried leaves of Hydrangea serrata Seringe. The present study, we tested the ethanol extract of the Hydrangeae dulcis folium (EHDF) on ethanol-induced psychological deficits. To test behavioral deficits, an object recognition test was conducted using a mouse model. To evaluate synaptic deficits, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential EPSP and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the mouse hippocampal slices were tested, as they are known to be vulnerable to ethanol and are associated with ethanol-induced amnesia. In the tests, ethanol (1 g/kg, i.p.) impaired object recognition memory, but EHDF (10 or 30 mg/kg) prevented this impairment in object recognition test. Interestingly, EHDF ($30{\mu}g/ml$) significantly ameliorated ethanol-induced LTP and NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the hippocampal slices. EHDF prevented ethanol-induced object recognition memory deficits induced by ethanol. Interestingly, EHDF significantly ameliorated ethanol-induced LTP and NMDA receptor- mediated synaptic transmission in the hippocampal slices.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1037-1047
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• 2008

Background : A traditional Oriental medicine, GongJjn-dan (GJD), is one of the most well-known tonic agents in Korea. Among 6 types of GJD components, antler, red ginseng, and Cornus fructus have shown antioxidant effects, while EtOH-induced tissue damage may be a consequence of oxidative stress. Objectives & Methods : The hepatoprotective effects of GJD were evaluated on EtOH-mediated experimental liver damaged rats at 50, 100, 250 and 500mg/kg comparing with 100mg/kg of silymarin as a reference drug in the present study. Test substances were dosed once a day for 60 days with oral administration of 20% ethanol 2.5ml/100g body weight twice a day (equivalent to 7.9g ethanol/kg/day). Each of 8 rats per group was selected using body weight at 10 days after acclimatization. Experimental animals were sacrificed after 60 days of continuous oral treatment of test substances with 20% ethanol treatment, and changes on the body weight, liver weight, and serum AST and ALT were observed. Results : There were dramatic decreases of body weight and increases of liver weight and serum AST and ALT. Similar inhibition effects on the EtOH-induced hepatic damages were detected between equal dosages of GJD and silymarin. Conclusion : Based on these results. it is concluded that GJD showed clear hepatoprotective effects on EtOH-induced hepatic damage.