• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.581-585
• /
• 1993

Five flavonoids isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Cedrela sinensis A. Juss. were identified by high performance liquid chromatography. Separation was achieved by reversed phase chromatography on ${\mu}-bondapak$ C18 column with isocratic elution method. The content of the major flavonoid, quercitrin was about 9.48%(w/w) and 37.06%(w/w) for the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.551-558
• /
• 2016

Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. Et Zucc) bark was collected, air-dried and extracted with 70% aqueous acetone, then concentrated and sequentially fractionated using n-hexane, methylene chloride ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethylacetate (EtOAc), and $H_2O$. The $H_2O$ fraction was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column with various aqueous MeOH eluting solvents to isolate an ellagitannin. The isolate was elucidated as macabarterin, a polyoxygenated ellagitannin by NMR analysis, including HSQC, HMBC, Q-TOF MS, and with the comparison of authentic literature data. The compound was an ellagitannin which was isolated, for the first time, from the extracts of Katsura tree bark, and has never been reported before in domestic tree or plant sources.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.32 no.12
• /
• pp.929-937
• /
• 2022

To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the grains of sorghum, three Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench variants (Hwanggeumchal, Huinchal, and Chal) being cultivated in Korea, the 80% ethanol (EtOH) extracts of individual sorghum grains were compared for their inhibitory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Among them, the EtOH extract of sorghum Hwanggeumchal grains could exert the highest inhibitory effect on the LPS-induced NO production. However, under these conditions, the viability of RAW264.7 cells was not affected. When the EtOH extract of sorghum Hwanggeumchal grains was sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol, the anti-NO production activity was predominantly detected in both MC and EtOAc fractions. In particular, treatment with the MC fraction reduced dose-dependently the expression levels of iNOS, COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Simultaneously, the MC fraction could prevent LPS-induced activating phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). HPLC analysis of the MC fraction showed gentisic acid and naringenin as the major phenolic components. Both gentisic acid and naringenin commonly exhibited a potent inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Together, these results provide the evidence of the inhibitory activity of Hwanggeumchal grains on LPS-induce inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells and also suggest that sorghum grains possess beneficial health effects which can be applicable in development of the grain-based functional foods.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.3 s.76
• /
• pp.369-374
• /
• 2006

Six fractions of Salvia miltiorrhiza were tested for their chemopreventive potentials using biochemical markers of carcinogenesis such as quinone reductase (QR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH). Seventy percentage of EtOH extract was potent inducer of QR activity in Hepa1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells. GST activity was increased about 1.4-fold with EtOAc extract at concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/ml$. GSH levels were significantly increased with $H_2O$ extract, 70% EtOH extract and water extract at concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ (p<0.005). From these results, 70% EtOH extract (250 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered to ICR mice for 14 days. QR, GST and GSH levels were significantly increased with the 70% EtOH treatment. These studies suggest that the 70% EtOH extract of S. miltiorrhiza could be considered as a potential agent for cancer chemoprevention.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 2006

Approximately each 5 kg dried Paulownia coreana leaves, seeds, outer barks, inner barks and wood were ground, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$ (7:3. v/v). concentrated under reduced pressure and successively fractionated using n-hexane. $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc and $H_2O$ on a separation funnel. Each fraction was then freeze dried and weighed. The extraction yield of each sample was investigated and the yield of inner barks was the highest, while the wood was the lowest. Antioxidative activities of crude extracts, precipitates and partitioned fractions were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging method. The results indicated that all EtOAc soluble fractions, including some of $H_2O$ soluble fractions, showed significantly high antioxidative potential compared with ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and BHT used as controls.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 2005

The air dried of Epimedium koreanum Nakai was extracted with MeOH and its extractives were concentrated with a vacuum evaporator. The extractives were fractionated with a series of n-hexane, chloroform (${CHCl}_3$), butanol (BuOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water on a separately funnel. Each fraction was freeze dried to give some dark brown powder. The EtOAc and BuOH soluble fractions were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol and ethanol-n-hexane mixture as eluents. The isolated compounds were tested with a cellulose TLC developed with TBA and 6% acetic acid and then visualized on UV lamp or sprayed with vanillin-HCl-EtOH. The purified compounds were flavonoids and their glycosides, and organic acid as follows : (+)-catechin, icariin, hyperoside, Ikarisoside A and caffeic acid. The structures of each compounds were confirmed by $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR$ and Mass spectra. Also, executed qualitative analysis as use GC/MS(Libraries search) about ${CHCl}_3$ soluble compounds of each part.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.10-15
• /
• 2013

This study was carried to establish a simple isolation and purification method of ginsenoside $F_1$ from leaves of Panax ginseng and was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of purified ginsenoside $F_1$ on the activities of elastase and tyrosinase. The content of ginsenoside $F_1$ was 90-fold higher in leaves than in root of ginseng. Ginsenoside $F_1$ was isolated from EtOAc fraction between EtOAc and alkalized water of 80% EtOH extract after remove of hydrophobic components. The 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) of ginsenoside $F_1$ on elastase activity and tyrosinase activity was 1.07 mM and 1.81 mM, respectively. Especially, inhibitory effect of ginsenoside $F_1$ on tyrosinase activity was higher than that of arbutin ($IC_{50}$; 2.20 mM). These results indicate that ginsenoside $F_1$ have a potential for industrial cosmetic materials.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2014

Objectives : This experimental study was performed in order to investigate the antibacterial effect of bio-fermented Galla Rhois extract. Methods : The Galla Rhois extract was fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and their products was tested for antibacterial activity against six pathogenic microorganisms namely, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium by paper disc diffusion method. Results : The Galla Rhois fermented extract by Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed more effective antibacterial activity than not fermented extract against Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Antibacterial activity of fermented extract using especially Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was proved that it was good with even 2 percents concentration. Antibacterial activity of Galla Rhois extract within pH 3 to pH 7 had been safe regardless of pH but low over pH 9. The growth of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus had a tendency to decrease depend on the increasing concentration of the extract. EtOEt, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions of the Galla Rhois extract had a high level of antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, respectively. Surprisingly, EtOAc fractions of the Galla Rhois extract showed higher antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus alone. And antibacterial activity against six pathogenic microorganisms had a tendency to increase depend on the increasing concentration of the fractions of the Galla Rhois extract. Conclusions : Bio-fermented Galla Rhois extract, efficiently inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2002

The air-dried bark of Salix rorida was extracted with acetone-water(7:3, v/v) and its extractives were concentrated with a vacuum evaporator. The extractives were fractionated with a series of n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate(EtOAc) and water on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was freeze-dried to give some dark brown powder. The EtOAc and water soluble fractions were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane mixture as eluents. The isolated compounds were tested with a cellulose TLC developed with TBA and 6% acetic acid and then visualized on UV lamp or sprayed with vanillin-HCl-EtOH. The purified compounds were flavonoids and their glycosides as follows:(+)-catechin, naringenin, salipurposide, aromadendrin, isosalipurposide, aromadendrin-7-O-𝛽-D-glucopy- ranoside and taxifolin-7-O-𝛽-D-glucopyranoside. The structures of each compounds were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and mass spectra.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.230-237
• /
• 1996

The fractions of Epimedii Herba were examined for the immunological effects in ICR mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups and administered orally the fractions of Epimedii Herba for 10 days. The results of this study were summarized as following: (1) The fraction 1 (EtOAc layer) administered group as compared with control group significantly decreased spleen weight, Arthus reaction and hemagglutination (HA) titer but significantly increased circulating white blood cells (WBC). (2) The fraction 2 ($H_20$ layer) administered group as compared with control group significantly decreased liver weight, Arthus reaction and HA titer but significantly increased WBC. (3) The fraction 3 (ppt) administered group as compared with control group significantly increased liver weight, thymus weight rate, delayed type hypersensitivity, phagocytic activity and WBC. The results showed that Frs. 1 and 2 administered groups reduced humoral immune response but increased WBC, and that Fr. 3 administered group increased cell-mediated immune response, phagocytic activity and WBC.