• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.72-76
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• 2015

$17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase are enzymes encoded by the CYP17A1 gene and are required for the synthesis of sex steroids and cortisol. In $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency, there are low blood levels of estrogens, androgens, and cortisol, and resultant compensatory increases in adrenocorticotrophic hormone that stimulate the production of 11-deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone. In turn, the excessive levels of mineralocorticoids lead to volume expansion and hypertension. Females with $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency are characterized by primary amenorrhea and delayed puberty, with accompanying hypertension. Affected males usually have female external genitalia, a blind vagina, and intra-abdominal testes. The treatment of this disorder is centered on glucocorticoid and sex steroid replacement. In patients with $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency who are being raised as females, estrogen should be supplemented, while genetically female patients with a uterus should also receive progesterone supplementation. Here, we report a case of a 21-year-old female with $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency who had received inadequate treatment for a prolonged period of time. We also include a brief review of the recent literature on this disorder.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.305-315
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• 2024

Vitronectin (VN) is an extracellular matrix protein with a crucial role in regulating bone remodeling. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of VN deficiency in a mouse model of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy (OVX). The findings revealed that the absence of VN led to an increase in the activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), a marker for osteoclasts, in the plasma of OVX-operated mice. TRAP staining further demonstrated that VN deficiency resulted in a higher number of osteoclasts within the femurs of OVX-operated mice. X-ray micro-computed tomography analysis of the femurs in OVX-operated mice indicated that VN deficiency significantly suppressed the OVX-induced increase of marrow area and total volume of bone. Additionally, we assessed structural model index (SMI) and degree of anisotropy (DA) as indices of osteoporosis. The results showed that VN deficiency effectively attenuated the OVX-induced increase in SMI and DA among OVX-operated mice. In summary, our study demonstrates the vital role of VN in regulating osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling in the mouse model of osteoporosis.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Objectives Depletion of ovarian function after menopause in women induces estrogen deficiency leading to increased fat and decreased muscle mass. In this study, we examined the effect of herbal medicines by measuring hormone expression in muscle tissue of estrogen-deficient rats induced by ovariectomy. Methods Ovariectomy was performed to induce estrogen deficiency, and mice were given herbal prescription (HP) for 6 weeks. Estrogen-deficient rats were divided into two groups: one group (HPH) which were orally administered HP 200 mg/kg and the other group (HPL) administered HP 40 mg/kg. Weight changes in both groups were measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After extraction of the femoral muscles in mice, the expression of the leptin, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), diacyl glycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α, NADH dehydrogenase (NDH), farnesyl diphosphate farnesyltransferase (FDFT)1, lanosterol synthase (LSS), phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), and peroxiredoxin (Prdx6) were measured using PCR. Results HP increased the expression of leptin, LPL, DGAT1, PGC-1α, NDH, FDFT1, LSS, PEMT, and Prdx6. HP affects body fat metabolism and is effective in improving menopausal obesity and obesity complications caused by estrogen deficiency. However, HP does not affect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, and thus will not be effective in obesity-related metabolic diseases. Conclusions HP is thought to inhibit weight gain by regulating hormone expression related to glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in muscle tissue of estrogen-deficient rats.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2004

It has been reported that osteoporosis induced by the deficiency of estrogens in menopause is associated with the unbalance of Ca/sup 2+/ and Pi levels. Proximal tubule is very important organ to regualte Ca/sup 2+/ and Pi level in the body. However, the effect of estrogens on Ca/sup 2+/ and Pi regulation was not elucidated. Thus, we examined the effect of 17-β estradiol (E₂) on Ca/sup 2+/ and Pi uptake in the primary cultured rabbit renal proxiaml tubule cells. In the present study, E₂(> 10/sup -9/M) decreases Ca/sup 2+/uptake and stimulates Pi uptake over 3 days. E₂-induced decrease of Ca/sup 2+/ uptake and stimulation of Pi uptake were blocked by actinomycin D (a gene transcription inhibitor), cycloheximide (a protein synthesis inhibitor). tamoxifen, and progesterone (estrogen receptor antagonists). E₂-induced decrease of Ca/sup 2+/ uptake and stimulation of Pi uptake were blocked by SQ22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor), Rp-cAMP (a cAMP antagonist), and PKI (a protein kinase A inhibitor). Indeed, E₂ increased cAMP formation. In addition, E₂-induced decrease of Ca/sup 2+/ uptake and stimulation of Pi uptake were blocked by staurosporine, H-7, and bisindolylmaleimide I (protein kinase C inhibitors) and E₂ translocated PKC from cytoslic fraction to membrane fraction. In conclusion, E₂ decreased Ca/sup 2+/ uptake and stimulated Pi uptake via cAMP and PKC pathway in the PTCs.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Pueraria lobata (PL) extract on obesity related hormones in rats with estrogen deficiency. Methods: The experiments were performed with the use of ovariectomized rats as estrogen-deficient obesity rat model. They were grouped Normal (sham operation group), Control (ovariectomy group), 50 mg/kg PL (ovariectomy group＋50 mg/kg of PL), 100 mg/kg PL (ovariectomy group＋100 mg/kg of PL), 200 mg/kg PL (ovariectomy group＋200 mg/kg of PL). PL extract was orally administered for 8 weeks once a day. Body weights and serum levels of hormones, such as leptin, estradiol, cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, and adiponectin were estimated by ELISA. Results: PL extract significantly decreased body weight, the serum levels of leptin in estrogen-deficient obesity rats. PL extract significantly increased the serum levels of estradiol and CCK. However, PL extract did not directly effect on the levels of ghrelin and adiponectin in estrogen-deficient obesity rats. Conclusions: It is concluded that PL extract reduced body weight, and regulate the hormones related to energy metabolism. PL extract decreased the serum levels of leptin. PL extract increased the serum levels of estradiol and CCK. These results indicate that PL might have potentials for treatment of obesity and complications during the menopause caused by estrogen-deficiency.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2021

Objective: Studies of the effects of estrogens on the male reproductive system have emphasized the role of these hormones in male fertility. Sesame oil has many phytoestrogenic compounds and may improve male fertility. This study investigated the effects of sesame oil and different concentrations of estrogen on sperm parameters and DNA integrity in male mice. Methods: Twenty old NMRI (The Naval Medical Research Institute) male mice (40 weeks; weight, 30-35 g) were treated with sesame oil or different concentrations of estrogen (estradiol, 1 and 10 μL/kg/day) or received no treatment (controls). After 35 days, sperm parameters and DNA integrity were assessed and analyzed. Results: Sperm count, progressive motility, and morphology were decreased in the group that received 10 μL/kg of estradiol. A remarkably lower percentage of DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were detected in the group that received 1 μL/kg of estradiol. In the groups that received sesame oil and 1 μL/kg of estradiol, the numbers of spermatogonia and Leydig cells were higher than in controls. The combination of sesame oil and 1 μL/kg of estradiol led to improved sperm parameters and chromatin and testicular structure. Conclusion: Based on this study, consumption of sesame oil and a low concentration of estradiol may improve testicular function in older mice.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2004

최근 홍화씨의 세로토닌유도체, 리그난 및 플라보노이드와 같은 화합물은 에스트로겐${\cdot}$항에스트로겐 활성을 갖는 식물 유래의 diphenol 화합물인 phytoestrogen 물질로 작용할 수 있음이 밝혀지면서 이를 함유하고 있는 홍화씨추출물[safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed extract]의 피부주름 개선효과가 기대되고 있다. 본 연구진은 이전에 홍화씨추출물은 피부세포의 산화를 막아주는 항산화작용을 지니고 있으며, 아울러 피부의 matrix protein을 만들어내는 섬유아세포 증식을 촉진할 뿐만 아니라 피부의 구조를 이루고 있는 엘라스틴 단백질을 분해하는 elastase의 활성 저해효과를 보고한 바 있다. 이러한 연구 배경에서 본 연구에서는 홍화씨추출물의 피부주름 개선효과를 알아보기 위해 콜라겐 발현효과 및 MMP-1 발현 억제효과를 각각 측정하였다. 그 결과 홍화씨추출물의 콜라겐 발현효과는 레티놀보다 우수하였으며, 아울러 MMP-1 발현 저해효과는 올레산과 유사하게 농도 의존적으로 저해되었다. 또한 $0.1\%$ 홍화씨추출물 함유 크림은 대조군(홍화씨추출물 미함유 크림)에 비하여 피부주름 개선 효과가 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 홍화씨추출물은 주름개선용 기능성화장품 신소재로의 사용이 기대된다.