• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.393-396
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• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate the ostrogenic/antiandrogenic activity of Puerariae Radix in Sprague-Dawley rats. It has known that diverse phytoestrogen were included in some Puerariae Radix, especially in Pueraria mirifica. The Uterotrophic assay and Hershberger assay were performed to evaluate the ostogenic/antiandrogenic activity of various Puerariae Radix (Pueraria thunbergiana, Pueraria mirifica and Butea superba). In Uterotrophic assay, the extracts of Puerariae Radix were administered subcutaneously to immature female SD rats from 19 to 21 days of age. The wet uterus and vaginal weighs significantly increased in the group only treated with extracts of Pueraria mirifica. But, in Hersh-berger assay, all extracts of Puerariae Radix did not show any effects in the castrated rats. These results suggest that Pueraria mirifica has not undrogenic/antiandrogenic effect but potent estrogenic effect. It is possible that components of Pueraria mirifica may act as endocrine disruptor in human body.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.166-166
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• 2002

The response of environmental pollutants can be detected bioanalytically focusing on the source and matrices of concern. Cell culture bioassays are rapid and inexpensive, and thus have great potential for determination of environmental pollution. We have examined the estrogenic and dioxin-like activites of industrial wastewater using E-screen assay and EROD microbioassay. Influent and effluent wastewater were collected from four different industrial wastewater treatment plants, such as cosmetics, paints, textile producing and metal coating plant, and extracted using solid-phase extraction with Oasis＠HLB plus cartridge. Pollutants adsorbed to the cartridge were eluted with MTBE. MCF-7 cells were treated with extracts showed various estrogenic potential. The textile wastewater showed strong estrogenic activity and the others showed weak estrogenic activity, No effect was observed in the wastewater from paints producing plant. All extracts showed CYPIA inducing effects, indicating these samples contain dioxin-like chemicals. Bioanalytical results of effluents compared with influents could give us information about the incomplete wastewater treatment and biological potency caused by pollutants. [Supported by a Grant from the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation]

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.447-455
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• 2008

Recombinant yeast estrogenicity (YES) assay was used as a bioanalytical tool in order to screen $17{\beta}$-estradiol in the soil samples collected from different sites of South Korea. Solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods were compared for the extraction of the estradiol from the soils. Most high detection of the estradiol based on YES assay was observed in the soils extracted with methanol. Different types of estrogenic hormones including $17{\beta}$-estradiol were suggested to be possibly exiting in the soils, since the methanol extracts of the soils showed an estrogenic activity that was not observed in the hexane extracts of the soil. SFE extracts showed estrogenic activity in some of the samples but methanol extract showed best activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.202-202
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• 2001

Stable MCF-7-ERE cells, in which pERE-Luc reporter gene has been stably integrated into the genome of the MCF-7 cells, were used to detect the estrogenic activity of various dietary flavonoids.in either pure chemical or mixtures. Estradiol (E2) induced luciferase activity in dose dependent manner and this activity was inhibited by tamoxifen (Tam) concomitant treatment.(omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.741-745
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• 2006

In our efforts to discover novel phytoestrogens to treat menopausal symptoms, eleven furanocoumarins were isolated from Angelica dahurica and tested for their estrogenic activity on the Ishikawa cell line. Among the compounds tested, 9-hydroxy-4-methoxypsoralen and alloisoimperatorin showed strong abilities to induce alkaline phosphatase (AP) with $EC_{50}$ values of 1.1 and $0.8\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, whereas the other nine furanocoumarins were weakly or only slightly active.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.906-911
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• 2004

In order to evaluate estrogenic compounds in natural products, an in vitro detection system was established. For this system, the human breast cancer cell line MCF7 was stably trans-fected using an estrogen responsive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plas-mid yielding MCF7/pDsCAT-ERE119-Ad2MLP cells. To test the estrogenic responsiveness of this in vitro assay system, MCF7/pDsCAT-ERE119-Ad2MLP cells were treated with various concentrations of 17f3-estradiol. Treatments of 10$^{-8}$ to 10$^{-12}$ M 17$\beta$-estradiol revealed significant concentration dependent estrogenic activities compared with ethanol. We used in vitro assay system to detect estrogenic effects in Puerariae radix and Ginseng radix Rubra extracts. Treat-ment of 500 and 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of Puerariae radix extracts increased the transcriptional activity approximately 4- and 1.5-fold, respectively, compared with the ethanol treatment. Treatment of 500, 50, and 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of Ginseng radix Rubra extracts increased the transcriptional activity approximately 3.2-,2.7, and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared with the ethanol treatment. These observations suggest that Puerariae radix and Ginseng radix Rubra extracts have effective estrogenic actions and that they could be developed as estrogenic supplements.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.545-552
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• 2005

The major protocol features of the rodent uterotrophic assay have been evaluated using a range of reference chemicals. The protocol variables considered include the selection of the test species and route of chemical administration, the age of the test animals, the maintenance diet used, and the specificity of the assay for estrogens. The rodents were ovariectomized under general anesthesia via bilateral flank incisions and randomly assigned to groups of 5 animals. Chemicals were DEHP, DBP, BPA and NP, were injected sc once daily with combinations of chemicals treatments for 3 days. In the results, the reported estrogenic chemicals DEHP and DBP were both negative in the single dose treatments. But, in the combinations of chemicals treatments, DEHP and DBP increased in bud number of mammary gland. Treatment of ovariectomized mice with combinations of other chemicals resulted in uterine and vaginal hyperplasia. The additive estrogenic effects were seen with the combinations of $17{\beta}$-Bestradiol and DBP treatment. the competitive estrogenic effects were seen with the combinations of $17{\beta}$-Bestradiol and nonylphenol, $17{\beta}$-Bestradiol and bisphenol-A treatments. These results offers a sysmatic and mechanistically informative approach to assessing estrogenicity. it provides a useful profile of activity using a reasonable amount of resources and is compatible with the study of individual chemicals as well as the investigation of interactions among combinations of chemicals. The results described illustrate the intrinsic complexity of evaluating chemicals for estrogenic activities and conform the need for rigorous attention to experimental design and criteria for assessing estrogenic activity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2017

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) consists of highly effective prescription medications for treating menopausal symptoms; however, these agents have exhibited side effects including the risk of estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. Therefore, interest in phytotherapy-based materials as a natural source of alternatives to estrogen therapy has increased. However, some of these herbal medicines have been reported to increase the risk of estrogen-induced cancer. Herbal formulations composed of a combination of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley (CW), Phlomis umbrosa Turczaninow (PU), and Angelica gigas Nakai (AG) extracts (CPAE) have been used for treating menopausal symptoms. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the safety of CPAE by determining its potential adverse estrogenic activity using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline 455 (TG455) in a stably transfected transcriptionally activated human estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ ($hER{\alpha}$)-HeLa9903 cell model. We found that CPAE did not how any estrogenic activity or stimulate promoters containing estrogen response elements in MCF-7 cells. In addition, CPAE showed no significant selective activity against $hER{\alpha}$ and $hER{\beta}$, non-selective activity against the ER, or effects on ER target gene expression. Furthermore, CPAE did not significantly induce MCF-7 cell proliferation and uterine weight increase in ovariectomized rats. These results demonstrate that CPAE can be used as beneficial herbal drug for prevention and therapeutic intervention of estrogen carcinogenesis in menopausal women.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2000

The purposes of our study were to optimize the conditions of the screening and testing methods for endocrine disruptors, to characterize these assays using several compounds with well-defined endocrine activity, and to compare the sensitivity between these assays currently undergoing validation. Two in vitro test systems, MCF-7 cells proliferation (E-screen assay) and competitive binding to estrogen receptors (ER) were selected to evaluate the estrogenic effects. 17$\beta$-Estradiol (E2) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) were used as a positive control in vitro test. Also, E2 and ethinyl estradiol (EE) were used as a positive control in vivo uterotrophic assay. In in vitro test, E2 and DES showed a strong estrogenic response at concentration of 1.0 nM. In uterotrophic assay, E2 (0.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) and EE (0.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) produced a significant increase in uterus and vagina weight in both immature and ovariectomized rats. Although we did not com-pared the specificity between in vivo and in vitro assays, these assay systems may serve as a good tool for endocrine disruptors screening methods. Our data indicate that these assay systems exhibit some difference in their sensitivity to the same estrogenic compounds. Therefore, as a first rapid screening assay for estrogenic activity qf unknown chemicals, at least two assay systems should probably be carried out with a view of high sensitivity and standardization conditions. Also, a careful validation tests are necessary to obtain a reasonable degree of reproducibility.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.164-164
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• 2002