• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.360-362
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• 2003

In operation of distribution system, DGs(Distributed Generations) are installed as an alternative of extension and establishment of substations, transmission and distribution lines according to increasing power demand. Optimal capacity and allocation of DGs improve power quality and reliability. This paper proposes a method for determining the optimal number, size and allocation of DGs needed to minimize operation cost of distribution system. Capacity of DGs for economic operation of distribution system can be estimated by the load growth and line capacity during operation planning duration. DG allocations are determined to minimize total cost with failure rate and annual reliability cost of each load point using GA(Genetic Algorithm).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.315-318
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• 2003

In Korea construction project case, architectural construction project is curtailed production because information network process within multidisciplinary isn't smooth. Particularly, the construction is not insufficient about performance, cost and material, construction process, etc. in result various question arises because of design error in construction step. And various mistake is made because communication path within multidisciplinary isn't smooth in architectural design and design change process. Therefore The final object of this study is to propose the establishment method of decision support process for the cooperative design in order to provides improved design coordination and optimize the building system.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.51-61
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to establish the government's logistics policy by calculating the logistics cost of the company and grasping the management status, to reduce the logistics cost of the related companies and to provide basic statistical data necessary for the management strategy. This work examines some associations between reasons for reducing corporate logistics costs (RCLC) and corporate classification such as industry and sales size. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey was conducted in 2018 for 2,000 companies based on the business of mining, manufacturing and wholesale and retail industries since 2010. The survey population is 94,976, of which 92,708 are small and medium enterprises and 2,268 are large corporations. The association among factors may be statistically and visually explored by using chi-squared test and correspondence analysis. Result - This study reveals the association between reasons for RCLC and corporate classification and properties and closeness that exist between the categories of each factor can be mined. Conclusion - As a task to reduce logistics costs of industrial products, expansion and operation of joint logistics business, establishment of cooperative logistics network, and establishment of ordinance on support for smart distribution logistics can be proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.181-194
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems associated with the domestic fashion sewing industry and suggest solutions for re-development. The research methods are a content analysis of literature, including articles and reports, and interviewing practitioners who are in charge of the fashion industry. The problems of the domestic fashion sewing industry are as follows. 1. Weakness in price competitiveness and a lack of work. 2. Aging of workers and difficulty securing new workers. 3. The age of the production facilities and the lack of manpower required for mass production. 4. Unrealistically low cost of labor due to over-competition considering the lack of work.5. The prevalence of illegal label grinding. The solutions to the problems listed above are as follows. 1. Establishment of a win-win effort between fashion brands and sewing companies. 2. Allow systematic education, support, and development of a meister system for fostering sewing manpower. 3. Undertake efforts to improve the sewing work environment. 4. Establishment of the system for realizing the actual cost of labor. 5. Establishment of a quota system to secure domestic sewing production. 6. Construction of Smart DB to connect work orders. 7. Construction of a smart factory using technology such as automated systems of production suitable for the 4th Industrial Age. 8. Enforcement of specialized strategies to encourage fashion sewing companies, not only Seoul but also in other urban areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.1009-1020
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• 1996

Direct-seeded rice can have comparable yield with transplanted rice if its inherent problems can be solved. It is a labor-saving technology and can significantly reduce production cost because seedling nursery , pulling , and transplanting are omitted. Turnaround time between cropping is reduced hence the possibility of a third annual crop. But direct-seeded rice is very vulnerable to pest attack (by birds, rats, and golden snails), desiccation, weed infestation, and prone to lodging resulting to unstable crop establishment and inconsistent yield. These problems can be solved by anaerobic seeding (sowing pre-germinated seeds under the soil). It requires precise seed placement into the soil to optimize its benefits. We developed a four-row anaerobic direct seeder (US $ 200 commercial price) for this purpose . It consist of a structural framework mounted with a drum -hopper metering device, flotation type drivewheels, spring-loaded and adjustable furrow closers, and furrow open rs, and a plastic rainguard. It can sow in line pre-germinated seeds into the soil thus permitting the use of mechanical weeders for a chemical-free weed control. Its performance was comparable with the Japanese two-row anaerobic seeder (costing US$400) in terms of seed placement and crop establishment. It was tested with five cultivars. Seeding rate varied from 38 kg/ha to 80kg/ha. Crop establishment ranged from 64 to 99 percent while grain yield varied from 3.0 t/ha to 5.4t/ha. A six-row anaerobic seeder was also developed and adapted to a powertiller for increased capacity , field efficiency , and easier operation. The anaerobic seeder is useful to farmers shifting to direct seeding to reduce rice production cost and to researchers conducting agronomic studies in direct-seeded rice. Blueprint of the machine is available free of charge from IRRI.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 2008

The report of the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection(BAI) on May 2007 indicates the problems of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis and evaluation in the Design-Build(Turn-Key) and alternative bidding system. The point which the report indicates is that the cost estimation system for LCC analysis has nothing in common each other and there's no consistency among the repair cycle and ratio per facilities parts. For solving these problems, BAI demands the establishment of the guidelines for LCC analysis and evaluation from the competent authority Korean Ministry of Construction And Transportation(MOCT). The objective of this study is to develop the improvement directions for LCC analysis and evaluation which are suitable to the public construction projects especially for the Design-Build and alternative bidding system in Korea. For this study, the LCC related raws and regulations, LCC analysis guidelines of public cooperations, actual condition of LCC analysis and evaluation which include, the elements of LCC, the estimation rules of the initial cost and the maintenance cost, the analysis standards of time value of money, etc. are investigated to provide the improvement directions for LCC analysis and evaluation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.218-225
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• 2005

In this apartment market, many apartments are being reconstructed within even less than 20 years from their first construction. This entails many problems in environmental and economical facets, for which many researches are under way in several institutions and universities. International cases show that the international trend goes for remodeling of maintenance, management, and repairing rather than new building. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of cost evaluation for establishing the time period of apartment based on durability of material and equipment while considering the economic feasibility of apartment, when remodeling as a concept of sustainability regarding building is being vitalized. This study investigates the proper period of remodeling in consideration of weight accruing to the LC(Life Cycle) and cost based on the standardized durability. The weight of cost, period establishment analysis, and LC according durability varies the data values of remodeling periods. The physical durability and cost from this data enable the investigation into not only the repair period of individual materials of the apartment but also remodeling period.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.81-103
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• 2013

This study is to research cost accounting practice and to analyze propriety of patients' medical payment in artificiality kidney center. The researched cost datum of the year 2012 are as follows. - Hemodialysis medical treatment was reimbursed as much as 158,001 won in case of health insured patients, but payed-off as much as 135,810 won. - The average figure of the total hospitals and clinic center is 1,603,303 won, and one time cost of hemodialysis treatment is 154,487 won. Optimal treatment pay are suggested as follows. First, Regardless of the notified classification from MOHW(Ministry of Health and Welfare), 136,000 won of fixed price payment classification needs to be reclassified by patients, severity and tobe rearranged by fixed price payment system of hospitals. Second, Fixed payment code notified by the Ministry of Health and Welfare is recommended to be simplifies and to reflect according to contents of the medical treatment rendered to patients. Third, Establishment of artificial kidney center has to be risk managed because of its huge investment. Fourth, Cost analysis model has to be maintained as basis together with appropriate application of conversion index model mixed with SGR model.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.155-162
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• 2002

In this research, I finally came to a conclusion analyzing the connection among managing of each items in management expenses, the size of each complex and stories, and the term of using. (1) In the managing cost regarding to the management manner, although the managing cost of self-governing management is less imposed than the one of commission management, there is slight difference between those Costs. And it is more important to consider the effectiveness of management than to emphasize reduction of management cost. (2) The higher the stories, the higher the managing cost of elevator per the unit area. It Is caused by the fact that the father the distance of the elevator operating, the higher the electric charges. (3) The third of one of total management cost goes to pay the personnel expenses. So I found that the effective management of the expenses is available to reduce management cost. (4) The higher the stones, the lower the cost of personnel expenses including the cleaner cost. (5) The sum of costs assigned in repairment and management increases in proportion to the term of using. The costs assigned in special repairment and management are interacting to each other. (6) To reduce the management cost, we have to cut down the personnel in security guard that occupies one third of total management cost with application to the joint security system and operation of the self-governing guard. Through this process, it will be easy to accomplish the rationalization of contract with an outside order. Because the improvement of management service is not only the responsibility of owner but also the one of dwellers. And it Is imperative to realize the importance of cooperation and trust between the owner and dwellers. And the establishment of effective managing system which has convenience and rationality must be settled without delay.

• Architectural research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2012

Buildings that are more than 10 years old generally have considerable repair and replacement costs due to the rapid deterioration of their systems. For public buildings in particular, which have national and social significance, considerable effort is required not only to ensure a long life cycle and safety but also to minimize the overall public expense. Along with increasing repair and replacement requirements, however, there have been problems related to the establishment of an accurate facility management budget. To address these concerns, a repair and replacement cost management system was constructed. This system manages both invested maintenance and forecast costs to establish a reasonable repair and replacement planning process and budget. The effectiveness of the system was verified through a pilot test targeting one of public Corporation (K).