• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to review the ISO(the International Organization for Standardization) standards recommendations on a human error tolerant control room design. Background: ISO TC(Technical Committee) 159 published a variety of international standards on design of mental and physical work, design of displays and controls, and workstation layout design. A proper edition of these standards can be a good resource for a human error tolerant control center design guidelines. Method: Recommendations of ISO TC 159 standards were grouped into arrangement of control suite, layout of control room, layout and dimensions of workstations, design of displays and controls, environmental design, alarm, automation, management system design, procedure and training. Results: It was found that some standards on the design of supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA), alarm, automation, layout, workload management, and environment can be used for human error prevention guidelines in the control center design. Conclusion: ISO TC 159 standards were not sufficient to cover all the ergonomics area of control center design. Application: Designers can have technical aids from these ISO standards to improve ergonomic performance of their control center.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.874-881
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• 2011

Driver's cab shall be designed ergonomically to provide the comfort for a driver to gather the information from the equipments and to operate the equipments effectively. The typical three design factors effected on the comfort are the access of driver's cab, freedom of movement inside the cabs and visibility condition. All control equipments shall be arranged so that those which are most often used or are of critical importance are the most convenient to the driver. The layout of driver's cab shall maximize the use of available space to be rugged and easily maintained. The visibility for the running direction along the track shall be secured. The visibility condition apply the seating position of the driver. Not only the environment condition(temperature, humidity, rattle, etc) but also the construction of driver's cab can be ergonomic design factor.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제19권39호
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• pp.155-162
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• 1996

It is a common tool to use alphanumeric displays on CRT for documentation, search, and communication. So, it is very important to design ergonomic displays for enhancing user performance. This paper concerns with a method of quantifing the four VDT design parameters such as total density, local density, grouping and layout complexity. A case study to demonstrate the pocedure of quantifing parameters and a comparative analysis between the ready made and the newly designed displays are provided in this paper. Concludingly, ergonomic displays which were designed in accordance with the scientific procedure were much more better than the ready made exampled displays in both of processing time and error rate.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.294-303
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• 1999

최근 들어 컴퓨터 환경의 비약적인 발전에 따라 디자인 과정도 크게 변화하고 있다. 자동차나 지게차 등과 같은 운송기기의 디자인이나, 작업장의 디자인의 경우 초기 디자인 과정중에서 레이아웃을 결정하고 인체 공학적인 데이터를 추출함에 있어서 설문이나 2D의 라인드로잉에 의존해 오고 있다. 이러한 방법의 문제점은 신뢰성이 많이 떨어질 뿐만 아니라 2D 마네킨을 사용하므로써 실제 사각으로 움직이는 인간 몸체의 움직임이 고려되지 못하며, 움직임 범위가 확정된다 하더라도 그 범위내에서의 움직임에 대한 인체의 피로도나 안락도 정도에 관해서는 전혀 측정할 수가 없었다. 컴퓨터 하드웨어와 소프트웨어의 비약적인 발전은 일반 생활환경 뿐 아니라 디자인환경에서도 가상환경 (Virtual Environment) 이라는 큰 흐름을 가져 왔다. 특히 기존의 컴퓨터를 응용한 디자인에서는 Visualization이나, CAD&CAM을 통한 데이터의 교환이 주된 관심사였으나, 최근 들어 빠르게 소개되고 있는 가상환경에서는 디자인초기단계에서 디자인 레이아웃 결정 뿐 아니라 사용자가 느끼게 되는 미세한 감각까지도 데이터화할 수 있게되었다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같이 디자인에서 사용할 수 있는 가상환경의 일반적인 특성를 밝히고, 초기 디자인 과정에서 디지털화된 환경의 이용가능성을 모색하였다. 이러한 연구는 실제 지게차 디자인의 사례를 통하여 살펴보았으며 이 사례연구를 통하여 디자이너가 활용할 수 있는 가능성과 문제점이 무엇인지 밝혔다. 마지막으로 3차원 가상인간의 적용을 통해 초기 디자인 단계에서 새롭게 적용될 수 있는 디지털화 디자인 작업의 잇점에 대하여 논의 하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to extract typical body shapes of Korean adults based on the three-dimensional Korean anthropometric data measured through 5th national anthropometric survey and to examine the suitability of the 3-D human shape data for the interior packaging. 36 three-dimensional anthropometric variables related to the design of vehicle interior were considered for the appraisal of typical body shapes. Four major factors were extracted by the factor analysis and factor scores were calculated for all subjects. Typical or standard drivers of Korean adults were selected by the minimum deviation criteria for the four factor scores with respect to 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles, respectively. Typical drivers of Korean adults were visualized by the CATIA-HUMAN program due to the absence of proper application software for three-dimensionally scanned human body data. There are considerable differences between the anthropometric data of Korean adults and those provided by CATIA-HUMAN program, which shows that the modeling data provided by CATIA-HUMAN should not be directly applied to the ergonomic evaluation for the vehicle design. This suggests the necessity for the development of suitable software for scanned human shape data. It is also expected that the anthropometric data of typical drivers extracted from this study help design package layouts and improve the suitability of ergonomic evaluation for Korean customers.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

디자이너들은 어떤 제품의 크기, 모양 혹은 인터페이스 부분을 설계해야 하는데 그것들이 사용자에게 맞도록 하려면 인간공학 원칙과 데이터를 필요로 하게 된다. 그러나 아직까지 냉장고를 비롯한 가전제품 분야에서는 실제 작업에 쓰일만한 인간공학 관련 디자인 원칙이나 데이터들이 거의 없는 형편이다. 냉장고 디자이너들이 가장 고민하는 문제 가운데 하나인 냉장실과 냉동실의 레이아웃 결정만 하더라도, 서로 다른 레이아웃의 차이를 비교할만한 객관적인 방법이 없다. 그 외에 도어 손잡이를 어떤 모양으로 어느 위치에 부착할 것이지, 조작패널의 사용자 인터페이스는 어떻게 설계할 것인 지 등에 관한 모든 것이 아직까지는 디자이너들의 직관에 의존하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 냉장고 디자이너들의 의사결정 과정을 도와주기 위해 몇 가지의 인간 공학적 연구방법을 사용하여 냉장고 디자인에 대한 평가를 시도하였다. 근전도 분석방법은 냉장고의 선반 높이와 냉장실, 냉동실의 레이아웃을 평가하기 위해 사용되었으며, 3차원 동작분석은 도어의 손잡이를 평가하기 위해 사용되었다. 비데오 분석에 의한 사용성 평가의 조작패널의 문제점을 찾아내기 위해 사용되었다. 마지막으로 한국인 인체측정 데이터에 근거한 냉장고의 적정 설계치수 결정 기준을 설정하였다. 이러한 연구결과들은 향후 냉장고 디자인 개발에 참조 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.455-463
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• 2010

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are recognized as leading causes of significant human suffering, loss of productivity, and economic burdens on our society. WMSDs are associated with work patterns that include fixed or constrained body positions, continual repetition of movements, force concentrated on small parts of the body, cold environment and vibration. Main effort to protect workers from WMSDs should focus on avoiding repetitive patterns of work through engineering controls which may include mechanization, ergonomic design of tools and equipment, and workplace layout. Where elimination of the risk factors is not practical, administrative controls involving job rotation, job enlargement and enrichment, teamwork should be considered.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.391-402
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• 2008

Today's product development environment is characterized as abrupt changes in consumer needs and short lifecycle of the product, which requires manufacturing companies to be equipped with time-to-market and time-to-volume strategies as prime factors for the successful product launch on market. They especially need to bring a product to the market faster with smart methodologies that enable assembly manufacturers to efficiently simulate and manage part assembly information throughout product development process. The research in this paper provides n e-manufacturing methodology considering geometric constraints in order to decide assembly process sequences. The methodology organizies the part layout (position & orientation) in order to optimize human postures during the assembly processes. As the case studies, assembly parts for two commercial products have been generated as CAD models and analyzed for the desired solutions for part assembly sequences using the proposed methodology.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제22권52호
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• pp.33-41
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• 1999

More than 90 percent of traffic accidents were caused by human errors in driving situation. However, the ergonomic studies were not enough to prevent these human errors. Especially, drivers acquire more than 70 percent of information using the vision, and this shows the importance of consideration about the driver's visual cognition characteristics. Consequently, the driver's cognition time and the cognition accuracy were measured for the Instrument Panel(IP) of vehicle cockpit in this study. For the experiment, subjects were divided in two groups. The first group of subjects had their own vehicles and the driver license, and the second group of the subjects didn't have own vehicle but had the driver license. IP Images were used in the experiment and the each image was made by changing layout of objects within devices. The results showed that there were no differences for the cognition time and the accuracy between images within the group, and the results between the groups showed the same trend.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2014

Objective: The present study is intended to objectively classify upper- & lower-body sitting strategies and identify the effects of gender and OPL type on the sitting strategies. Background: A sitting strategy which statistically represents comfortable driving posture can be used as a reference posture of a humanoid in virtual design and evaluation of a driver's seat. Although previous research has classified sitting strategies for driving postures in various occupant package layout (OPL) types, the existing classification methods are not objective and the factors affecting sitting strategies have not been identified. Method: Forty drivers' preferred driving postures in three different OPL types (coupe, sedan, and SUV) were measured by a motion capture system. Next, the measured driving postures were classified by K-means cluster method. Results: Sitting strategies of upper-body were classified as erect (33%), slouched (41%), and reclined (26%) postures, and those of lower-body were classified as knee bent (42%), knee extended (32%), and upper-leg lifted (26%) postures. Significant differences at ${\alpha}$ = 0.05 in the upper-body sitting strategy by gender and lower-body sitting strategy by OPL type were found. Application: Both the classified sitting strategies and the identified factors would be of use in ergonomic seat design and evaluation.